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All around Santiago, Chile, there are water towers known to citizens as Copas de Agua. These towers are recognised as modern industrial heritage and integral landmarks within the city’s urban landscape, contributing significantly to its cultural identity. This article presents strategies for exploring aural architecture by creating a new space defined by sound in motion within an existing architectural structure with unique morphological and acoustic characteristics through the medium of sound installation art. The project Polyphono, a multichannel sound installation located within the Copa de Agua of Quinta Bella, Chile, establishes a dialogue between three different spaces: the invisible space of the sound installation, the existing space of the water tower and the symbolic space of experience. In this process, an interior space of sound emerges within the physical space of acoustic reactions, which is experienced by the audience as aural architecture. This dynamic situation involves animating the monumentality of the water tower, transforming it through the performative action of the sound installation, thereby intensifying the historical significance of the site in physical, sensory, political and social terms. The outcomes are framed as a transitional space, from site-specific sound to aural architecture, creating an affective space for aesthetic experience.
For the Palestinian people, psychic life is just as much a site of struggle for liberation as social life. Palestinians are persistently refused psychological amplitude, characteristics easily granted to those who are never worried they might fall out of what is constituted as the category of the human. Abdaljawad Omar’s writings in English published since October 7, 2023 (as well as writings by other Palestinians, other Arabs, and those of Palestinian descent) offer means of understanding material resistance in relation to the terrain of the psyche. Omar offers distinctive accounts of mourning, loss, and ruins, as well as of how settler colonialism reorganizes experiences of time and relations between past, present, and future. The article reads Omar’s writings against other accounts of mourning and of psychic phenomena that are indebted to psychoanalysis. Omar’s analyses of Palestinians’ resistance to unfreedom and annihilation open up other ways of understanding the psychic vicissitudes of those who suffer, grieve, and struggle to exit a colonial condition characterized by the colonizer’s repeated attempts to break psychic worlds as well as erase bodily life. Understandings of psychic life that do justice to how Palestine is redrawing the world are central to the work of ‘cracking history open’.
The chapter first describes how deportation is actually arranged between the UK and Jamaican governments, before discussing the Open Arms Drop in Centre and the National Organization of Deported Migrants (NODM), two local NGOs whose work supporting deported migrants is made possible by UK aid funds. Both Open Arms and NODM were funded through Official Development Assistance, as part of the Reintegration and Rehabilitation Programme. This means that to situate deportation in wider political context, we need to think about contemporary meanings of development. The chapter shows that contemporary UK development policy is centrally preoccupied with security, bordering and trade, all of which concern the management of mobilities. Immigration controls should therefore be considered in relation to the wider government of mobility, which can advance our understanding of the connection between race, citizenship and mobility discussed in the previous chapter. In short, race and racism are constituted by relations of mobility, and this insight allows us to better describe racism in our times.
Effective antibiotic stewardship programing in clinical settings necessitates a good understanding of local prevalences of antimicrobial resistance and important patient and community risk factors. However, most studies are limited in sample size and geographic coverage.
Methods:
This study utilized phenotypic resistance data of Escherichia coli from the Veteran’s Health Administration of the United States (U.S.), incorporating 126,777 unique cultures from veteran outpatients from seven Midwest states from 2010 to 2023, to examine the spatial pattern and important individual- and county-level risk factors for resistance to four important classes of antibiotics. We utilized Bayesian conditional autoregressive zero-inflated Poisson regression models to generate smoothed rates of resistance in each county and multilevel logistic regression models to detect risk factors for resistance.
Results:
High overall rates of resistance were seen for fluoroquinolone (29%) and TMP-SMX (22%). Geographic variation was seen among and between antibiotic classes. Certain urban regions in the southern parts of Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio had higher local resistance rates for fluoroquinolone and TMP-SMX. Being male, having diabetes, and previous exposure to antibiotics are significant risk factors for all classes of antibiotics while the significance of other risk factors varied across classes.
Conclusion:
Diverse geographic patterns of resistance level may reflect differences in local prescribing practices, while the differential correlations with risk factors likely reflect their clinical indications and prescribing patterns in clinical settings. The local resistance rates and risk factors for different classes of antibiotics should provide important guidance in practicing empirical prescribing and antibiotic stewardship in clinical settings.
This chapter examines how Parliament controls its own proceedings, drawing on its power of exclusive cognisance and article 9 of the Bill of the Rights, and how it seeks to exert its authority in ensuring those outside Parliament comply with its summons to attend and give evidence. It addresses the role of the courts in determining the scope of exclusive cognisance and what constitutes proceedings in Parliament, and the potential - occasionally realised - of clashes between Parliament and the courts. It draws out reforms proposed to enforce the use of parliamentary privilege and the extent to which change is likely.
Research on understanding the effects of language experiences upon executive control processes has turned away from static measures of language use to using more continuous measures such as proficiency, language switching and exposure. The present work utilizes language entropy, a measure that indexes the social and linguistic diversity of daily-life contexts (e.g., a classroom, cafeteria, home) of language use, to delineate the mechanisms through which contextual and social effects influence executive control. Results from existing studies utilizing entropy primarily examine bilingual contexts; however, this study focuses on multilingual university students in Ahmedabad, India. Participants (N = 56) provided entropy data from the Language History and Background Questionnaire and executive control measures from the AX-CP Task for proactive control and the n-back Task for working memory. Entropy measures proved very predictive for participants’ current language use patterns, but did not significantly predict any aspect of AX-CPT or n-back Task performance. Implications for context-specific stimulus categorization and the adaptive control hypothesis are discussed.
Early Modern English perspectives on the conquest of Ireland reflected broad humanist ideals about just conquest and colonialism that were emerging within debates between continental humanists and traditional Spanish scholastics concerning the Spanish conquest of the New World. For example, the focus on Irish behaviour in works by John Derricke and Edmund Spenser, in particular their characterisation of the Irish as nomadic brigands, were influenced to some extent by early sixteenth-century humanist accounts of the Amerindians. This chapter considers Derricke’s Image of Irelande (1581) within the context of religious and humanist debates on the conquest and settlement of the New World and the contemporary representation of New World inhabitants. Ultimately, it shows that the terms of the debates concerning the reform of ‘unnatural’ New World polities were reproduced, albeit in modified form, within the Irish context, allowing writers such as Derricke and Spenser to condemn native Irish barbarism from the perspective of natural law while also identifying a clear path to reform.
argues that the motor force of the corporation is driven by the necessity for capital to reproduce itself. And as part of this ongoing reproduction of capital, corporations are involved in a continual struggle to overcome nature’s limits. It shows that the capitalist corporation was absolutely central to the long project of European colonisation; the corporation became the primary vehicle used by investors and by colonising governments to devour nature and human labour. The extraction of natural resources, particularly from colonised lands, was done on a scale and at a rate that would not have been possible without the colonial corporation. If the architecture of the corporation made it ideal for colonial adventure, its current forms are designed for neo-colonialism. This adaptation of the modern corporation has expanded its capacity to devour nature, as if there were no limits to the exploitation of nature itself