Previous L1 syntactic processing studies have identified the crucial left frontotemporal network, whereas research on L2 syntactic processing has shown that learner factors, such as L2 proficiency and linguistic distance, can modulate the related networks. Here, we developed a function-word-based jabberwocky sentence reading paradigm to investigate the neural correlates underlying Chinese L2 syntactic processing. Twenty Chinese L2 Korean native speakers were recruited in this fMRI study. Chinese proficiency test scores and Chinese-Korean syntactic similarity scores were measured to quantify the learner factors, respectively. The imaging results revealed an effective left frontoparietal network involving superior parietal lobule (SPL), posterior inferior frontal gyrus (pIFG) and precentral gyrus (PreCG). Moreover, the signal intensity of SPL as well as the connectivity strength between SPL and PreCG significantly correlated with the learner factors. These findings shed light on the neurobiological relationships between L1 and L2 syntactic processing and on the modulation of L2 learner factors.

In this paper I argue that the accepted reconstruction of Suetonius’ De viris illustribus has been shaped by unexamined assumptions that have been allowed to take on the appearance of fact. I begin by surveying the scholarly reconstruction of this work from the fifteenth century until today. I then examine two key underlying assumptions: that Suetonius planned and published his series of literary lives as a single compendious work and that it excluded men who were not writers or wrote in Greek; in both cases I propose alternative hypotheses. I lastly test these alternatives by sketching a new approach to a possible Suetonian book De philosophis. I conclude that the more we rid ourselves of a priori assumptions about De viris illustribus, the more clearly we can see that Suetonius’ interests and approach were remarkably consistent throughout all his lives.

We theoretically investigate the small-amplitude broadside oscillations of an annular disk within an unbounded fluid domain. Specifically, we formulate a semi-analytical framework to examine the effects of the oscillation frequency and pore radius on the disk’s added mass and damping coefficients. By leveraging the superposition principle, we decompose the complex original problem into two simpler ones. The force exerted on the disk by the fluid is linked to the solutions of these sub-problems through the reciprocal theorem; the first solution is readily available, while the second is derived asymptotically, assuming a small inner radius. Both solutions are evaluated by transforming dual integral equations into systems of algebraic equations, which are then solved numerically. Building on these solutions, we extract asymptotic expressions for the variations of the quantities of interest in the limits of low and high oscillatory Reynolds numbers. Notably, at high frequencies, we uncover a previously overlooked logarithmic term in the force coefficient expansions, absent in prior scaling analyses of oscillating solid (impermeable) disks. Our findings indicate that, when viscosity plays a dominant role, an annular (porous) disk behaves similarly to a solid one, with reductions in the force coefficients scaling with the cube of the pore radius. We also discover, perhaps surprisingly, that, as inertial effects intensify, the damping coefficient initially increases with the pore radius, reaches a maximum and subsequently declines as the disk’s inner hole enlarges further; at its peak, it can exceed the value for an equivalent solid disk by up to approximately 62 % in the asymptotic limit of extremely high oscillatory Reynolds number. Conversely, the added mass coefficient decreases monotonically with increasing porosity. The decay rate of the added mass in the inertial regime initially scales with the cube of the pore radius before transitioning to linear scaling when the pore radius is no longer extremely small. Although our analysis assumes a small pore radius, direct numerical simulations confirm that our asymptotic formulation remains accurate for inner-to-outer radius ratios up to at least $1/2$.

The paper examines the influence of stakes on knowledge attributions, building on the retraction-based experimental design introduced by Dinges and Zakkou. Experiment 1 replicates Dinges and Zakkou’s original findings and extends the research to third-person knowledge ascriptions. The results show that raising the stakes increases the percentage of retraction in both first- and third-person scenarios. Experiment 2 addresses potential concerns about the retraction-based design, specifically whether participants genuinely endorse the initial claim and the worry of scenario sceptics – participants who disagree with a knowledge attribution. Experiment 2 introduces a modification to the initial design by adding a knowledge-ascribing question. This addition makes the act of retraction more realistic. The results confirm that the stakes effect persists even in an improved design. I argue that these findings constitute a serious challenge to classic invariantism and a potential challenge to subject-sensitive invariantism. Their competitors – epistemic contextualism and relativism – seem to be in a better position, even though the retraction-based design at its current stage is unlikely to distinguish between these two.

Understanding the properties of lower-carbon concrete products is essential for their effective utilization. Insufficient empirical test data hinders practical adoption of these emerging products, and a lack of training data limits the effectiveness of current machine learning approaches for property prediction. This work employs a random forest machine learning model combined with a just-in-time approach, utilizing newly available data throughout the concrete lifecycle to enhance predictions of 28 and 56 day concrete strength. The machine learning hyperparameters and inputs are optimized through a novel unified metric that combines prediction accuracy and uncertainty estimates through the coefficient of determination and the distribution of uncertainty quality. This study concludes that optimizing solely for accuracy selects a different model than optimizing with the proposed unified accuracy and uncertainty metric. Experimental validation compares the 56-day strength of two previously unseen concrete mixes to the machine learning predictions. Even with the sparse dataset, predictions of 56-day strength for the two mixes were experimentally validated to within 90% confidence interval when using slump as an input and further improved by using 28-day strength.

European institutions are widely recognized as wielding regulatory power in a globalized market, exporting its standards across borders and between sectors. This paper asks what institutional dynamics catalyze European external regulatory impact on pharmaceutical governance in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The research focuses on two European regulatory bodies, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and the European Patent Office (EPO), and explores the dynamics of their technocratic outreach beyond European borders. We find that trust is a key underlying institutional dynamic facilitating some forms of European external relations. The agencies extend their influence through technical assistance, collaboration, and work-sharing with LMIC regulators, fostering a one-sided relationship of “technocratic trust.” This trust, reinforced by international regulatory frameworks that position the EMA and EPO as “trustworthy” regulators, enables these agencies to expand their regulatory influence beyond Europe. By critically examining the impact of this trust-building on LMICs’ regulatory autonomy, this research contributes to the broader discourse on European regulatory power in global health governance and highlights potential implications for pharmaceutical markets and access in LMICs.

In light of varying outcomes from prior research concerning the relationship between different food groups and the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD), this study was conducted to examine the relationship between the consumption of various food groups and CKD risk via a dose-dependent meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Searches were conducted in the Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases through January 2025. Out of 6460 publications, twenty-one studies were selected for final analysis. The results revealed that red meat consumption is associated with an increased risk of CKD (RR: 1.39; 95% CI: 1.13, 1.71). Conversely, consumption of fish (RR: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.80, 0.97), grains (RR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.77, 0.99), and legumes (RR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.72, 0.92) showed a protective effect against CKD. The linear dose-response analysis indicated that for every 100 g/day increment in red meat and total meat consumption, the risk of CKD escalated by 34% and 2%, respectively. Furthermore, an increase of 15 g/day in dietary fish, 28 g/day in nuts, and 50 g/day in legumes was associated with a 6%, 21%, and 13% decreased risk of CKD, respectively. Overall, higher red meat intake correlates with a heightened CKD risk, whereas the consumption of fish, grains, and legumes is associated with a lowered risk. Further longitudinal cohort studies with extended follow-up are recommended to validate our findings.

This trial was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42023465532.

Kinship can be difficult to discern in the archaeological record, but the study of ancient DNA offers a useful window into one form of kinship: biological relatedness. Here, the authors explore possible kin connections at the post-Roman site of Worth Matravers in south-west England. They find that, while clusters of genetically related individuals are apparent, the inclusion of unrelated individuals in double or triple burials demonstrates an element of social kinship in burial location. Some individuals also carried genetic signatures of continental ancestry, with one young male revealing recent West African ancestry, highlighting the diverse heritage of early medieval Britain.

This article uses the lens of commodity theory and, in particular, the scarcity effect to consider ways that consumer desire is reflected within auction catalogs for cultural objects. Taking Brodie and Manivet’s (2017:3) assertion that “auction sales do not offer a clear window onto the broader antiquities trade” as a motivating initial hypothesis, I find that auction catalogs do represent marketing material that can provide at least a blurry window onto the needs, wants, and desires of consumers acting within the market for archaeological and heritage objects. Consumer motivation at an auction is notoriously difficult to assess externally and has long represented a gap in the analysis of public antiquities sales. Failures to effectively regulate market consumption may relate to a misunderstanding of the people who are being regulated. Using more than 50 years of auction sales of Pacific cultural items as a case study, I present auction narrative analysis as a method to consider consumer desire and thereby inform heritage policy and market interventions.

In celebrating the 10th anniversary of BJPsych Open, this editorial review serves as a personal reflection and an overview of the birth, growth, expansion and excellence of the Journal as well as an introduction to the BJPsych Open 10th Anniversary Thematic Series. Specific emphasis is placed on changes and advances in productivity, the editorial board, publishing, thematic series, topical articles and focus on ethics. Further, articles of importance to our stakeholders are noted (top cited/downloaded, highlighted articles, articles of the month). The remit and vision for BJPsych Open remains unchanged: a general psychiatric journal with high-quality, methodologically rigorous and relevant publications, with relevance to the advancement of clinical care, patient outcomes, the scientific literature, research and policy. The Journal’s continued quality, growth and international recognition speak to its place in scientific literature, to the RCPsych mission to disseminate knowledge and to its bright future. As Editor-in-Chief, I note the debt of gratitude owed to an exemplary multidisciplinary team and the honour and privilege of serving in this role.

Elastoviscoplastic (EVP) fluid flows are driven by a non-trivial interplay between the elastic, viscous and plastic properties, which under certain conditions can transition the otherwise laminar flow into complex flow instabilities with rich space–time-dependent dynamics. We discover that under elastic turbulence regimes, EVP fluids undergo dynamic jamming triggered by localised polymer stress deformations that facilitate the formation of solid regions trapped in local low-stress energy wells. The solid volume fraction $\phi$, below the jamming transition $\phi\lt\phi_J$, scales with $\sqrt {\textit{Bi}}$, where $\textit{Bi}$ is the Bingham number characterising the ratio of yield to viscous stresses, in direct agreement with theoretical approximations based on the laminar solution. The onset of this new dynamic jamming transition $\phi \geqslant \phi _J$ is marked by a clear deviation from the scaling $\phi \sim \sqrt {\textit{Bi}}$, scaling as $\phi \sim \exp {\textit{Bi}}$. We show that this instability-induced jamming transition – analogous to that in dense suspensions – leads to slow, minimally diffusive and rigid-like flows with finite deformability, highlighting a novel phase change in elastic turbulence regimes of complex fluids.