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Building on untapped archival documents and press reports, I explore a seeming contradiction underpinning the Israeli authorities’ War on Drugs from the late 1950s to the early 1980s. While the state authorities clamped down on local cannabis users, it was heavily invested in covert cannabis trafficking operations into Egypt, its main enemy at the time. The primary targets of the domestic clampdown were the country’s Jewish consumers of the drug, mainly first- and second-generation Jewish immigrants from the Middle East and North Africa (collectively known as Mizrahim). Provoking latent class, racial, and gendered anxieties, the state authorities used hashish to further marginalize and criminalize Mizrahim in Israel. However, while the state cracked down on Mizrahi hashish dealers and users, the Israeli military was directly involved in large-scale hashish trafficking operations to Egypt. This enterprise aimed to immerse and immobilize the Egyptian population generally—and the Egyptian armed forces specifically—with hashish.
The powerful hegemonic perspective, constructed and encoded through the Hollywood musical and its promotion of mainstream popular music, was increasingly under challenge during the 1950s. This chapter examines Hollywood's response to the challenge of rock'n'roll and the development of a youth market in the 1950s. Hollywood's supremacy as the entertainment medium was under threat from both record sales and the burgeoning television industry; the impact of a differentiated market and the challenge to conventional 'adult' values represented a crisis in sociocultural attitudes which Hollywood found hard to deal with. After consideration of both the film and the music industries at this period, detailed analysis of a number of films, including the early films of Elvis Presley, suggests that the screen industries successfully incorporated the challenges of the new music, arguing that Presley's films perpetuate ideological and aesthetic concerns established in the classical Hollywood musical.
While material discussions of John Derricke’s Image of Irelande (1581) often focus on the woodcarvings and print history, this study focuses on the textual content and presentation, particularly the glosses, dedication, and multiple letters to the reader, in order to locate Derricke’s text in sixteenth-century poetic discussions of representation, interpretation, and reception. In the dedication to Sir Phillip Sidney, Derricke reveals his anxiety over these issues – an anxiety further illustrated in the abundance of glosses that clutter the text. The content of the glosses appear to offer a key to the text, yet fail to explicate the text or help a reader decipher the poem, often raising more questions than they answer. By examining the interplay between the glosses and their corresponding lines, this chapter argues that as the text progresses, the glosses become a free-standing work of sorts and a place where Derricke’s poetic concerns and anxieties can be traced.
This chapter examines the different ways in which the European Union seized the initiative from the European nation-state, from the formation of the Coal and Steel Community to the Maastricht Treaty. Robert Schuman, the French Foreign Minister, unveiled a plan to modernise coal and steel production and form an economic 'community' to that effect, one which embraced Germany. The key departure was that, under Maastricht, every member state, except Britain and Denmark, in principle relinquished its long-term right to make its own monetary policy. It was agreed to create a European Central Bank to take the lead in managing a new single currency that would replace national currencies. The European Parliament was unable to call it to account after 2009 when it flouted the Maastricht Treaty by organising successive bail-outs of insolvent bank.
Whereas some prehispanic societies across North America pursued monumentality, hierarchy, and regional integration, others adopted inward-oriented strategies that fostered cohesion through symbolic containment and household autonomy. Mimbres Classic period (AD 1000–1130) communities in southwestern New Mexico exemplify this alternative trajectory. By situating Mimbres insularity within broader regional developments, this study examines how material practices were mobilized to construct and maintain a culturally bounded world. Drawing on theories of boundary maintenance and ritual sovereignty, I argue that distinctive forms of architecture, painted ceramics, mortuary practices, and regulated interaction localized sacred authority and deliberately limited external connectivity. In contrast to Chaco Canyon’s investments in monumentality and social hierarchy, Mimbres society sustained social coherence through practices rooted in household ritual and symbolic regulation. Crucially, this insularity was neither fixed nor absolute—it emerged in the AD 900s, peaked during the Classic period, and receded after AD 1130 as communities relocated and engaged with new material traditions and regional networks. By tracing this historical arc, this study challenges models that equate social organization with scale or connectivity, demonstrating instead how inward-oriented strategies can produce resilient, if historically contingent, cultural frameworks.
Chapter 3 examines the various children’s homes that the children were sent to. A number of private homes were set up specifically to house ‘brown babies’, but for various reasons these did not last long. The African Churches Mission in Liverpool took in as many as it could, but it was closed for health and political reasons. One Somerset nursery, Holnicote House, attempted to find adopters for the children, including sending them to the US, but this was largely unsuccessful. Children were also sent to other local authority homes as well as to Dr Barnardo’s and the Waifs and Strays/Church of England Children’s Society homes. The very mixed experiences of those who were put in such homes is presented, from great kindness at the Somerset nursery through to sadistic beatings at a Church of England Children’s Society home.
This study analyses the relationship between fear of stigma and bypassing primary ART facilities by ART clients in the Upper East Region of Ghana.
Methodology:
Methodology: The study employed an exploratory case study design, involving 52 participants of: ART clients (n = 37), nurses (n = 7), a counsellor (n = 1), cadres (n = 2), pharmacists (n = 2) and data managers (n = 3) through convenient and purposive sampling techniques. Data was collected using semi-structured interview guides and analysed using a thematic framework.
Results:
The study provides ample evidence of the occurrence of stigma-driven bypassing of primary ART facilities by clients. The analysis shows entrenched cultural norms and values and the population’s low awareness of the efficacy of ART fuel the processes of stigma and discrimination towards ART clients.
Strengths and limitations:
We acknowledge the following limitations and strengths: convenient and purposive sampling procedures may not represent the views of all ART clients on bypassing primary facilities. Sensitive nature of HIV and the location of ART centres, coupled with time constraints in probing into all ART bypassing issues. Yet, given the depth of the issues presented and the scope of participants and ART facilities, we believe relevant data was generated to address the research question.
Conclusion:
An integrated approach could be used to address the drivers of stigma and discrimination focusing on awareness creation to undo the entrenched negative cultural beliefs around HIV transmission, and implement anti-HIV stigma legislation to eliminate prejudice towards PLHIV.
We examine whether different information frames affect how people perceive the domestic costs of sanctions and support sanctions. Using data from an information provision experiment in Germany and Poland, we demonstrate that people overestimate the costs of sanctions (Gross Domestic Product loss due to an energy embargo) in sending countries. Yet, this perception can be corrected through the provision of actual information, which in turn enhances the support for the sanction. Contrasting sanctions’ costs with other costs – Covid-19 costs and costs imposed on target countries – has no additional effect.
Within the recent glut of philosophical work on hope, relatively little attention has been devoted to the circumstantial conditions that frustrate or accommodate hoping. In this article, I show how an individual’s spatial environment can constrain their capacity to sustain determinate hopes for the future via an extended case study: long-term refugee detention. Taking seriously refugees’ claims that a central cause of widespread hopelessness is the feeling of being in limbo, and drawing on recent work on the role of the imagination in hoping, I demonstrate how an individual’s spatial environment can limit imaginative access to the interim steps between their present circumstances and a desired future, making it difficult to see any way their hope could be realized.