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The coda demonstrates the ongoing significance of the landscape of genius for contemporary environmentalism by interpreting how Thoreau’s association with Walden Pond has been invoked in response to climate change. It uses extensive research into the psychology, sociology, and politics of climate change in order to assess what effects those invocations are likely to have and to suggest how scholars and activists can engage with Thoreau most impactfully in relation to the issue. More broadly, the coda also theorizes a new relational approach to the environmental humanities, which draws on recent developments in posthumanism, actor–network theory, systems theory, Anthropocene scholarship, and other environmental theory to explore how systems of culture intersect with and impact various other systems: social, political, economic, ecological, geochemical, etc. This method has many similarities to Traditional Ecological Knowledge. It conceptualizes knowledge as fundamentally relational and performative and redefines the humanities as a form of self-reflexive ethical agency, through which we can comprehend and (re)balance our various relations.
The Gospel of John is often noted for its focus on Jesus, explaining and emphasizing his identity as God’s Son and Christ, in whose name life is given (1:12–13; 3:16–18; 20:31). Implicit in this emphasis, however, are claims and assumptions about who God is. If Jesus is God’s Son and Christ, then who Jesus is, what he does, and what he says reflect the identity of the One who sent him. This fact is a crucial part of Jesus’s message throughout the Gospel of John. Theology, therefore, is central to this Christologically driven Gospel since belief in Jesus reflects specific beliefs in God as his Father, the One who sent him, and the One who loves the world.
At the time of writing in 2023, it was four years since the Office of the Prosecutor commenced an investigation into the situation in Bangladesh/Myanmar in accordance with Article 15(4) of the Rome Statute. It was also six years since the mass displacement of Rohingyas from Rakhine state in Myanmar, which Pre-Trial Chamber III held may amount to the crimes against humanity of deportation and persecution on the ground of religion and/or ethnicity. According to the United Nations, around 10,000 people were killed in an alleged genocidal operation, and more than 700,000 people fled to Bangladesh. Most of these people have found themselves in the Kutupalong-Balukhali expansion site in Cox’s Bazar – the largest and most densely populated refugee camp in the world. Living conditions in the camp are challenging. Shelters are built from bamboo and tarpaulin and are closely packed together. Access to clean water, sanitation, healthcare, and education is limited. Residents must contend with overcrowding, outbreaks of disease, fires, monsoons, and cyclones. The COVID-19 pandemic added another layer of complexity to the crisis. The future for refugees in the camp remains uncertain, with limited prospects for safe and voluntary return to Myanmar, local integration in Bangladesh, or resettlement to a third country.
Edited by
Marietta Auer, Max Planck Institute for Legal History and Legal Theory,Paul B. Miller, University of Notre Dame, Indiana,Henry E. Smith, Harvard Law School, Massachusetts,James Toomey, University of Iowa
The rise in the use of AI in most key areas of business, from sales to compliance to financial analysis, means that even the highest levels of corporate governance will be impacted, and that corporate leaders are duty-bound to manage both the responsible development and the legal and ethical use of AI. This transformation will directly impact the legal and ethical duties and best practices of those tasked with setting the ‘tone at the top’ and who are accountable for the firm’s success. Directors and officers will have to ask themselves to what extent should, or must, AI tools be used in both strategic business decision-making, as well as monitoring processes. Here we look at a number of issues that we believe are going to arise due to the greater use of generative AI. We consider what top management should be doing to ensure that all such AI tools used by the firm are safe and fit for purpose, especially considering avoidance of potential negative externalities. In the end, due to the challenges of AI use, the human component of top corporate decision-making will be put to the test, to prudentially thread the needle of AI use and to ensure the technology serves corporations and their human stakeholders instead of the other way around.
This chapter explains how the emotionally expressive motions of characters can reveal their unmet psychological needs, which cultural and economic conditions do not allow them to fully acknowledge. These movements and the environments in which they unfold evoke subgenres of the eighteenth- and nineteenth-century British novel including the marriage plot, the Gothic novel, the Victorian bildungsroman, and the sensation novel. These episodes featuring characters’ emotionally expressive motions invite us to understand these subgenres in a new light, as narratives that depict characters’ unfulfilled needs and respond to those of anticipated readers. The introduction situates this approach both with respect to recent work in novel studies and the earlier approaches of reader response theorists. The chapter also offers an extended interpretation of Samuel Richardson’s Clarissa, oriented around Clarissa’s expressive motions as she runs away from her family with Lovelace. This moment can be seen as the origin of episodes of getting lost.
Generative AI offers a new lever for re-enchanting public administration, with the potential to contribute to a turning point in the project to ‘reinvent government’ through technology. Its deployment and use in public administration raise the question of its regulation. Adopting an empirical perspective, this chapter analyses how the United States of America and the European Union have regulated the deployment and use of this technology within their administrations. This transatlantic perspective is justified by the fact that these two entities have been very quick to regulate the issue of the deployment and use of this technology within their administrations. They are also considered to be emblematic actors in the regulation of AI. Finally, they share a common basis in terms of public law, namely their adherence to the rule of law. In this context, the chapter highlights four regulatory approaches to regulating the development and use of generative AI in public administration: command and control, the risk-based approach, the experimental approach, and the management-based approach. It also highlights the main legal issues raised by the use of such technology in public administration and the key administrative principles and values that need to be safeguarded.
Reduction in mobility due to gait impairment is a critical consequence of diseases affecting the neuromusculoskeletal system, making detecting anomalies in a person’s gait a key area of interest. This challenge is compounded by within-subject and between-subject variability, further emphasized in individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS), where gait patterns exhibit significant heterogeneity. This study introduces a novel perspective on modeling kinematic gait patterns, recognizing the inherent hierarchical structure of the data, which is gathered from contralateral limbs, individuals, and groups of individuals comprising a population, using wearable sensors. Rather than summarizing features, this approach models the entire gait cycle functionally, including its variation. A Hierarchical Variational Sparse Heteroscedastic Gaussian Process was used to model the shank angular velocity across 28 MS and 28 healthy individuals. The utility of this methodology was underscored by its granular analysis capabilities. This facilitated a range of quantifiable comparisons, spanning from group-level assessments to patient-specific analyses, addressing the complexity of pathological gait patterns and offering a robust methodology for kinematic pattern characterization for large datasets. The group-level analysis highlighted notable differences during the swing phase and towards the end of the stance phase, aligning with previously established literature findings. Moreover, the study identified the heteroscedastic gait pattern variability as a distinguishing feature of MS gait. Additionally, a novel approach for lower limb gait asymmetry quantification has been proposed. The use of probabilistic hierarchical modeling facilitated a better understanding of the impaired gait pattern, while also expressing potential for extrapolation to other pathological conditions affecting gait.
This chapter explores the intersection of antifascism and South American women’s activism in the context of the Spanish Civil War. The analysis focuses on Mi guerra de España (My Spanish War, 1976) by Argentine Mika Etchebéhère, an account of her experiences as a captain of a Partido Obrero de Unificación Marxista (POUM) militia, and the feminist political magazines Vida Femenina (Buenos Aires, 1933–42) and Acción Femenina (Santiago, 1922–39). From different genres such as the memoir, the essay, or the journal article, and from varied platforms including political and non-political associations and publications, women expressed their will to contribute to the global discussion and struggle against fascism.
This chapter presents qualitative case studies of the dramatically different political dynamics of TPP and TTIP negotiations. Why was lobbying so much more contentious over TPP while lobbying over TTIP was muted and almost entirely in favor of the agreement? The chapter traces the development of industry and labor union positions on each agreement, showing how the effects of endowments-based, inter-industry trade on the basis of comparative advantage (much more prevalent with TPP partners) serves to unify industries and unions around their particular position, facilitating strong collective action. With TTIP, the chapter shows how internationally engaged firms were highly motivated to lobby in favor of increased market access and the removal of regulatory barriers, while domestic-oriented firms either sat out of the political process entirely or formed cross-sectoral ad hoc coalitions. These cases elucidate how and why actors came to these decisions.
The Schomburg Collection is a library of special materials devoted to Negro life and history. It is international in scope covering every phase of activity of peoples of African descent. It ranges from early rarities to current materials on happenings from Tennessee to Timbuctoo. The Collection is mainly based on Arthur A. Schomburg's distinguished private library of rarities and treasures which was purchased from him and presented to the New York Public Library by the Carnegie Corporation of New York in 1926. However, a year earlier the Division of Negro Literature, History and Prints had been established in the One Hundred and Thirty-fifth Street Branch of the New York Public Library meet the neighborhood demands for books by and about Negroes.
Chapter 2 uses an original database on historical elections in South America to explore when and where democracy first emerged in the region. Scholars traditionally portrayed nineteenth-century elections in Latin America as farces, but in recent years historians have challenged this view. This chapter shows that many South American elections in the nineteenth century involved significant participation and competition, and a few were even free and fair. Nevertheless, authoritarian rule predominated. Most elections were non-competitive, numerous restrictions on the franchise existed, and voter turnout tended to be low in comparison to Europe and the United States. Moreover, the few democratic episodes in the nineteenth century proved to be quite brief, as the freely elected presidents were either overthrown or subverted democracy to perpetuate themselves or their allies in power. However, in the first three decades of the twentieth century, a great divide occurred. A few South American countries, namely Argentina, Chile, Colombia, and Uruguay, established democratic regimes that lasted a dozen years or more. By contrast, authoritarian rule deepened in the other six countries of the region