In my first year reviewing London productions, I resolved to see everything that I could, including adaptations – a total of nineteen shows in thirteen different spaces: two Romeo and Juliets, three Lears (or versions thereof), three Macbeths (or versions thereof), and among the others only four comedies (three of them at the Globe) and two histories. What follows pays particular attention to design and attempts to take the temperature of the London professional theatre scene, an environment that is precarious even as it is varied, resilient, sometimes puzzling, sometimes frustrating, but almost never less than interesting in its engagement with Shakespeare’s plays.

Chapter 4 first outlines the Indonesian case study and summarizes key regulations and actors affecting renewable energy development, and then examines the influence of the regime complex and its impacts on domestic policy adoption and reform in Indonesia in further renewable energy development. This chapter reveals evidence of Indonesia’s adoption of climate mitigation and emissions reduction policy resulting from the clean energy regime complex, specifically social learning, policy diffusion and international pressure on the Indonesian government to reduce emissions in the wake of the COP-13 in Bali.

This book is a much-needed contribution to our understanding of labour exploitation in global value chains (GVCs). It brings together diverse voices that illuminate the invisible realities behind the products we use daily. This is a necessary step towards business grounded in dignity and justice. Only through informed study of lived experiences can we understand the full scope of the problem.

In my experience with children who have survived the worst forms of labour, I have witnessed first-hand the cost of unchecked greed. In the late 1980s, a few years after my colleagues and I began rescue work, we witnessed an alarming rise in the number of child labourers in South Asia's carpet industry, driven by growing demand for cheaper carpets in the West. I proposed a first-of-its-kind consumer campaign, which eventually led to the creation of Rugmark (now GoodWeave), a child-labour-free certification label, and helped reduce child labour in the regional carpet industry by 80 per cent.

This is the impact we can create when every person in the GVC – from board members to buyers – acts with compassion. Compassion is not a weak emotion; it is a powerful force, born from feeling others’ suffering as our own and taking mindful action to end that suffering.

Too often, I have seen the price children pay so the world can live in luxury. I have met mothers who sold everything to buy freedom, and fathers who broke chains with bare hands. Their stories are not peripheral; they are central to the hidden engine that powers global trade.

I have said time and again that businesses cannot sustain without human rights, and human rights cannot be protected without effective business leadership. Many governments have failed to safeguard the rights of the vulnerable, while the influence of businesses has grown. This places a moral responsibility on corporates to lead the way.

This chapter traces the development of choral singing in the Bohemian lands throughout the nineteenth century. Civic choral activities in Bohemia began taking shape in the 1840s, ultimately playing a central role in nationalization processes. However, the mass nationalization tendencies faced setbacks in the 1870s due to economic problems and political crises, delaying the full reconfiguration of the Czech choral movement on an ethnocentric principle until the late 1800s. At the same time, even by the end of the nineteenth century, most German-language choral societies maintained regional affiliations established in the 1860s, rather than embracing ethnic ties. Furthermore, choral activities were influenced by the emergence of the industrial working class. During this period, choral endeavors were also affected by the contradictory impulses to view choral singing as both a social activity and an artistic endeavor.

Much of the nineteenth century in the Czech Lands represented a period of turmoil in the pursuit of a distinctive cultural identity. With German as the dominant language of the theater and the Czech vernacular a comparative rarity, increasing the Czech repertoire provided opportunities for capable artists, regardless of gender. The number of women accepting this challenge is particularly noteworthy. The selection criteria for librettists for this project was not only for their success as writers but for the composers who set their work, namely Smetana, Dvořák, and Fibich. Singers were chosen for their negotiation of Czech and German stages at home and abroad and for the impact they had on gaining acceptance for opera in the Czech language.

The six women to be studied in this chapter are: Eliška Krásnohorská, Marie Červinková-Riegrová, and Anežka Schulzová as librettists, and Kateřina Kometová-Podhorská, Ema Destinnová, and Jarmila Novotná as performers. Such focus will help reveal the significant role these women played in validating and popularizing what have become several of the most well-known examples of Czech opera today.

Thirty-two years after Debendranath dictated and wrote out Brāhmo Dharma, the reformer, writer, and public intellectual Keshab Chandra Sen (Figure 3.1) created a unique institution titled “Pilgrimages to Saints.” From 1880, and lasting only a few years, this featured historical pageants to great figures in the history of religion, from the Prophet Muhammad, to Caitanya, to Ralph Waldo Emerson, and other wise men drawn from across time and space. Drawing from the spirit of comparative religion embodied most clearly by Max Müller, this pilgrimages project transcended mere appreciation of texts or ideas. Drawing from the European intellectual traditions he admired, it rather featured a synthesis of a diversity of texts and appreciation for non-textual sources. This approach, defined by him as “subjective” and which “endeavors to convert outward facts and characters into facts of consciousness,”1 included the facts and character traits of Jesus Christ, as well as a host of other individuals in religious history. Included in this line of saints were Ralph Waldo Emerson and Theodore Parker, prominent North Americans central to the mid-nineteenth-century history of religion, as analyzed in chapter 2.

Alive from 1838 to 1884, living through the 1857–1858 rebellions, which shook India, the British Empire, and the world, Keshab emerged as a figure who would pioneer new definitions of religion, building upon the comparative religious scholarship of Rammohan and Debendranath.

This volume publishes selected papers from the 25th British Legal History Conference (BLHC), co-hosted by Queen’s University Belfast and the Irish Legal History Society (ILHS) in 2022. In providing this introductory digest of the papers in the volume, the Editors take an essentially chronological approach, reflecting the main theme of the conference. The first five papers address themes from the middle ages down to the seventeenth century, the latter being a period of profound constitutional change in England and Scotland. The next four papers are set in the eighteenth century, a period of profound constitutional change in Ireland. Themes connected to the tumultuous events in Ireland a century ago are the subject of the next section as well as the final paper in the volume concerning a unique archival reconstruction project. A final section contains three papers detailing constitutional change in other parts of the world as well as a plenary lecture by Lady Hale on a profound constitutional change in the United Kingdom in recent times, the ‘bringing home’ of the European Convention on Human Rights.

How can we make up our minds on whether or not international organizations are different from the sum of their parts? Taking a step back from doctrinal analysis, this chapter explores how the challenges that international lawyers have faced in that regard correspond to broader themes in philosophical discourse on ontological reductionism. This chapter suggests that questions of existence are inherently relative in the sense that they only make sense when considered in relation to other entities that are already admitted as non-redundant. Thus, the key to assessing the distinctiveness of international organizations is to first uncover the rationale that international law employs in buttressing their members as ‘real’ entities and then examine whether it can be equally applied to international organizations.

Challenging the general denial of race and racism in Europe, this article attempts to make visible the effects of German systemic racism by focusing on the archive version of Thomas Ostermeier’s 2010 Othello tradaptation at the Schaubühne am Lehniner Platz in Berlin, in which Sebastian Nakajew, a white actor, played Othello in blackface.

6.1 [411] This is the right moment to state again the words of the God-breathed scripture. For it said: “Death and life are in the power of the tongue; those who control it will eat its fruits.”1 For, although it is possible for those who wish to think well to derive benefit from the goods of the tongue, provided that it were somehow to be attuned to orderliness and the duty of speaking words that would earn everyone’s admiration for having used it best, [nonetheless] some redirect their own words towards what is inappropriate. Their perverse and wicked words have even reached such a point that [412] they think nothing of those things that exceed the bounds of every vice, they let loose their wanton tongue against God, and they take up their weapons against the ineffable glory. The inevitable result of these actions will certainly be that they are convicted for the most extreme vices.