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The book provides valuable insights into the landscape of women's rights in West Africa through the transformative decisions made by the ECOWAS Community Court of Justice (ECOWAS Court). Originally established to foster socio-economic integration, the ECOWAS Court has evolved into Africa's premier regional human rights court. With nearly 90% of its decisions addressing human rights issues, the ECOWAS Court now surpasses the African Commission – the continent's longest-standing human rights body – in the number of human rights cases it handles. It offers a compelling analysis of the ECOWAS Court's women's rights jurisprudence, an often-overlooked but essential aspect of the Court's human rights mandate. Grounded in the due diligence principle and the Maputo Protocol, the book sheds light on how adjudicating women's rights cases promotes the global gender equality agenda and challenges state actions that undermine human rights.
Recent observations of the afterglow of the Big Bang, commonly referred to as the Cosmic Microwave Background radiation, have greatly advanced our understanding of the early Universe and have helped reinforce the observational foundations of modern cosmology. This volume provides a comprehensive pedagogical overview of all aspects of the Cosmic Microwave Background radiation. Topics covered include theory, current observations, instrumentation, statistical analyses and the astrophysics of Galactic and other microwave foregrounds. These latter topics are important as much of the contemporary work in cosmology focuses on perfecting experimental techniques and the mitigating and assessing sources of errors. Bringing together the latest research and scientific developments from the primary literature into one book, this is a go-to resource for graduate students and researchers working in cosmology and astrophysics.
Beauty is significant to us in many different registers, but perhaps the least appreciated has to do with its distinctively metaphysical significance. For Hegel, aesthetic experience offers us its own distinctive perspective on the nature of reality, and in this book David Ciavatta shows how in Hegel's ground-breaking Aesthetics, his astute observations on art and on beauty in nature relate to and illuminate wider themes in his metaphysical thought. To experience and be compelled by the beautiful is, on Hegel's account, to have an intuitive access to certain metaphysical truths concerning the kind of being we are, concerning the divine, concerning the ultimate nature of the natural and historical worlds, and concerning our proper place within and relation to reality overall. Ciavatta's study illuminates the close connection between Hegel's aesthetics and his metaphysics, and links Hegel's thought with important themes in post-Kantian continental philosophy.
Driven by advances in data science and machine learning, photonics has evolved rapidly in recent years and has transformed into a highly interdisciplinary field, connecting fundamental research with cutting-edge applications. Inspired by recent Nobel Prizes in Physics in 2021 and 2024, Conti highlights the interplay between photonics and spin glasses, a key concept for understanding the link between photon propagation and complex systems. Beginning with a study of black-body radiation, the book then revisits laser theory using techniques from non-equilibrium statistical mechanics. Through a step-by-step exploration of important photonic experiments, it bridges foundational concepts and advances in optical computing, with a focus on developing efficient hardware for classical and quantum artificial intelligence. This reveals the profound ties between complexity, photonics, and the future of AI technologies. The book will be a valuable resource for advanced undergraduate and graduate students and more practised researchers.
This essential new edition study guide includes in-depth coverage of past FFICM exam material, offering an invaluable resource for trainees preparing for the OSCE examination in intensive care medicine. The structured layout gives the reader clear and convenient access to a wealth of model questions and answers ideal for both quick-fire practice or more detailed study. Featuring over 100 completely new questions, the book covers data interpretation, equipment, imaging, ECG, ethics and communication and simulation. Questions are matched to the curriculum and a sample marking scheme is provided to assist with exam preparation. This enhanced edition focuses on key topics, realistic question formats and exam technique with new simulation, ECG and imaging scenarios. Written in a style that allows the reader to quickly pick out salient points but also with sufficient background material to enhance the learning experience and save valuable revision time.
Despite rising life expectancies and growing attention to the increasing proportion of older persons in rich democracies, we still know surprisingly little about how people develop after 60. This book proposes an integrative approach to development in older age that expands sociocultural psychology across the life course. It shows that people develop into older age while acting, feeling, remembering, imagining, and moving in the spaces where they live and interact with others. The diversity and singularity of ageing trajectories is also studied, highlighting how deeply the environment can guide and support as well as expand upon or offer resources to older persons. The author demonstrates the role of carefully designed social and institutional settings and well-planned ageing policies in fostering 'ageing in place'. By exploring housing, formal and informal care networks, and everyday arrangements that help older persons live meaningful lives, this volume speaks to anyone concerned with ageing.
Barry Buzan is one of Europe's most prolific scholars of international relations, renowned for his interdisciplinary collaborations and commitment to making complex ideas accessible. This volume features a detailed analysis of his practised 'big picture' approach and its value to the international relations discipline, as well as related social science disciplines. It starts with an explication of the intellectual project of Barry Buzan over his long career, the development of his thinking in relation to the big picture and the style of research he engages in. The contributors then use this as a stepping stone to reflect on the broader value of the big picture approach, taking their point of departure in five scholarly fields: international relations theory, the English School, world history, international security studies and international political economy. In the concluding chapter, Barry Buzan reflects on the undertaking and the path forward.
The third of three volumes, the four sections of this book cover a variety of issues important to analyzing data to produce high-quality, accurate conclusions from already-collected data. First, leading scholars from around the world provide a step-by-step guide to using several popular quantitative and qualitative statistical programs used throughout the social and behavioral sciences. The next section focused on several important considerations for preparing data for analysis. Many of these directly affect the quality of the data and the resulting conclusions, In the remainder of chapters, the various authors focus on various advanced statistical techniques. In section three, the focus is on those related to quantitative analysis. Section four then focuses on analyzing qualitative data. Throughout the book, examples and real-world research efforts from dozens of different disciplines are discussed. In addition, authors often provide example data and analytical code to facilitate learning of and application of each concept.
Human interactions, in any group or social setting, rely on and generate shared knowledge and social understandings. These shared intellectual resources are just as important to the efficient operation of markets and organizations as are their shared legal and material infrastructures. Governing Corporate Knowledge Commons focuses on the formal and informal arrangements that govern the creation and community management of intellectual resources within and across organizational boundaries. It demonstrates how the Governing Knowledge Commons (GKC) framework can be fruitfully combined with existing theoretical work on firms and corporate governance found in economics, management, and sociology. The volume also proposes a new set of case studies, ranging from old industrial enterprises to modern venture capital, investor alliances, and decentralized autonomous organizations. Chapters explore the benefits of participatory approaches to the management of genomic or financial data, online gaming communities, and organic waste. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
What are the causes of language change? Where do words come from? Is modern technology and social media corrupting our language? Language change is just as relevant today as it ever was, yet the secrets of how and why it occurs remain tantalisingly out of reach to anyone without a background in linguistics. This book has the answers. Written by one of the leading experts in the field, it provides readers with an accessible account of language change, unraveling the processes and phenomena that have so far remained locked within academia. It explores a range of fascinating topics, such as whether language change is bad, whether change is different in some kinds of languages than others, and if television, AI, and modern technology have any impact on language change. Written in a lively and engaging way, it uncovers the marvels and mysteries of language change for anyone curious about this captivating field.
1940s African American literature sits between two of the best-known periods in Black writing. Adding more intricacy to its framing, this decade's literary output commences and ends with watershed creative accomplishments by canonical mainstays in the waiting like Zora Neale Hurston, Richard Wright, Gwendolyn Brooks, James Baldwin, and Ralph Ellison. However, this book shows that mid-century Black literary productivity is not a matter of a handful of canonical figures and instead, it illuminates overt and implicit collaboration as a hallmark of the age. It identifies perforation, aesthetic plurality, multi-generic virtuosity, and writerly professionalism as signposts for understanding mid-twentieth century Black literary productivity. It engages prior assessments that cast African American literature in the 1940s based on stylistic clashes and technical stasis. It restores Black writing's role as feature of American social progress in the space between the Great Depression and the mature Civil Rights Movement.
Multiracial youth is the fastest growing demographic in the USA, yet current research has only offered limited perspectives on their identities, relationships, and development. This handbook bridges that gap by combining cutting-edge research with practical guidance to support Multiracial young people's unique experiences and encourage future inquiry. It features clear explanations for how “Multiracial” is defined and explores the identity development, cultural navigation, and social challenges of Multiracial youth and their families. Featuring multidisciplinary contributions from experts across psychology, family studies, and child development, the chapters synthesize past and current research while guiding the creation of supportive environments, addressing microaggressions, and advocating for equity and representation. The volume equips researchers and practitioners to empower Multiracial youth and promote understanding among peers, while also providing a vital framework highlighting the unique Multiracial experience. It is an essential resource for any educational or community setting seeking to cultivate a sense of belonging.
Through the critical case study of Ethiopia, Maria Repnikova examines the ambitious but disjointed display of Chinese diplomatic influence in Africa. In doing so, she develops a new theoretical approach to understanding China's practice of soft power, identifying the core mechanisms as tangible enticement with material and experiential offerings, ideational promotion of values, visions, and governance practices, and censorial power over the production and dissemination of China narratives. Through in-depth field work, including interviews and focus groups, Repnikova builds a clear picture of the uneven implementation and reception of this image-making, in which Chinese messengers can improvise official agendas, and Ethiopian recipients can strategically appropriate and negotiate Chinese power. Contrary to popular claims about China replacing the West in the Global South, this innovative research reveals the successes, but also the inconsistencies and limitations of Chinese influence, as well as the ever-present shadow of the West in mediating soft-power encounters.
Informed by fascinating interviews, photographs, and previously unexamined archival materials, this book reveals a compelling story of Yugoslav avant-garde and experimental music from 1945 until 1991, ending with the year when all artistic activities came to a sudden halt with the start of the Yugoslav wars. It examines the political, social, and cultural events that gave rise to the flourishing avant-garde scene in the country and follows the emergence and development of Yugoslav cultural programs in the postwar period that made the republic a magnet for cultural exchange, through to the sudden and violent dissolution of those programs with the collapse of the political state. The book is the first full-length book in English on the subject, and provides an indispensable, interdisciplinary resource that will contribute to the preservation of this legacy. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Synthesizing experience from industry and academia, this book offers a comprehensive and nuanced perspective on the Physics of Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) phenomena in a range of semiconductor device technologies, illustrating robust design practices. Starting with fundamental insights into high-current ESD behaviour in semiconductor devices, it gradually builds toward practical design principles and real-world reliability challenges in advanced CMOS, FinFETs, GaN HEMTs, carbon nanostructures and TFT technologies. Device-level physics and practical design implications are explored throughout, bridging the gap between deep theoretical understanding and real-world design constraints. Including unique simulation techniques alongside experimental results, this book thoroughly explores core ESD design principles. Including multiple curated case studies, this book will equip readers with all the tools needed to address current ESD design challenges and embrace covers the challenges of the future. A reliable and thought-provoking exploration, ideal for graduate students, industry professionals and researchers working in device physics, design, and reliability.
As cities face mounting pressures from aging infrastructure, climate change, and social inequities, new approaches are needed to design resilient, sustainable, and equitable urban systems. This book introduces a powerful, step-by-step methodology for conceptualizing and managing complex infrastructure projects through the unique lens of systems architecture, showing how this approach supports better decision-making, transparency, and collaboration. Drawing on real-world examples, the book explores concepts including trade-offs, stakeholder needs, and system interdependencies. It demonstrates how to integrate qualitative and quantitative factors, navigate uncertainty, and reason across diverse disciplines and timescales. Crucially, this book offers long-awaited solutions for bridging the technical and social demands of urban infrastructure design. By extending systems architecture into the urban domain, it offers a practical yet theoretically grounded framework for addressing 21st-century infrastructure challenges. This accessible and forward-looking guide is valuable for anyone involved in shaping the future of urban systems, from engineers to urbanists.
How do African leaders cooperate through regional intergovernmental organizations (RIOs) to manage political and security threats? Do the particular interests of heads of state really matter for explaining how these organizations address crises and intervene in their members' domestic affairs? Protective Clubs reveals how presidents across Africa cooperate in RIOs to protect themselves from threats, such as military coups. Cottiero argues that heads of state concerned with their personal survival often treat RIOs as bases for organizing, in essence, mutual protection clubs based on reciprocity. Leaders who cooperate and maintain 'good standing' with co-members are more likely to receive back-up during crises, while leaders who destabilized co-members are more likely to be abandoned or punished. Employing original datasets on security interventions and leader exile, interviews, and Nigerian presidential archive records, Protective Clubs shows how collusion among leaders matters not just for particular leaders, but for regional stability and democracy.