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As cities face mounting pressures from aging infrastructure, climate change, and social inequities, new approaches are needed to design resilient, sustainable, and equitable urban systems. This book introduces a powerful, step-by-step methodology for conceptualizing and managing complex infrastructure projects through the unique lens of systems architecture, showing how this approach supports better decision-making, transparency, and collaboration. Drawing on real-world examples, the book explores concepts including trade-offs, stakeholder needs, and system interdependencies. It demonstrates how to integrate qualitative and quantitative factors, navigate uncertainty, and reason across diverse disciplines and timescales. Crucially, this book offers long-awaited solutions for bridging the technical and social demands of urban infrastructure design. By extending systems architecture into the urban domain, it offers a practical yet theoretically grounded framework for addressing 21st-century infrastructure challenges. This accessible and forward-looking guide is valuable for anyone involved in shaping the future of urban systems, from engineers to urbanists.
How do African leaders cooperate through regional intergovernmental organizations (RIOs) to manage political and security threats? Do the particular interests of heads of state really matter for explaining how these organizations address crises and intervene in their members' domestic affairs? Protective Clubs reveals how presidents across Africa cooperate in RIOs to protect themselves from threats, such as military coups. Cottiero argues that heads of state concerned with their personal survival often treat RIOs as bases for organizing, in essence, mutual protection clubs based on reciprocity. Leaders who cooperate and maintain 'good standing' with co-members are more likely to receive back-up during crises, while leaders who destabilized co-members are more likely to be abandoned or punished. Employing original datasets on security interventions and leader exile, interviews, and Nigerian presidential archive records, Protective Clubs shows how collusion among leaders matters not just for particular leaders, but for regional stability and democracy.
This book offers a new kind of analysis of Psellos' Chronographia as a rhetorical performance, as poesis, as a work in progress. It traces his developing techniques from the basic building blocks of the first two reigns to the intricate tragicomic structure of Constantine IX's; from the simple, finely judged scene in Basil II's tent to the spectacular mutual performance in the rebel Isaak's. The book focuses on role; on the interplay of genres, especially panegyric and the subgenres of drama; on metaphor; on psychology; on the visual and tactile. It contrasts Psellos' style with his more decorated orations and observes how his wide reading is metabolized into the particular and contemporary. At best, Psellos subjects his philosopher 'self' to scrutiny through the conflict and interplay of his feelings and roles in both commentary and agency; from this comes his tragicomic, empathetic, deeply ironic version of Byzantium.
International administrations are still being considered as a solution to many difficult conflicts globally. This book develops a new understanding of sovereignty, focusing on how international officials make claims to rule. Nicolas Lemay-Hébert argues that sovereignty is best understood as a set of practices, more precisely struggles between actors vying to assert their political authority and another set of actors striving to keep this political authority under check. This book examines all the cases of international administrations by the League of Nations and the United Nations, focusing on how international officials have made claims to assert their political authority over specific territories and populations. It also reviews all the accountability demands expressed by local actors and how these demands shape the future practices of international administrations.
This book examines how constitutional courts can sustainably contribute to advancing democratic norms in hybrid regimes, i.e. regimes that are neither fully democratic nor fully authoritarian. Using a comparative approach analysing cases from across the globe, particularly from Hong Kong, Pakistan, and Uganda, Julius Yam makes the case that courts can assume a democracy-enhancing role to mitigate the problems arising from hybrid regimes. The book reveals the challenges faced by courts in performing such a role. It also proposes a adjudicative framework that systematically integrates principled judging with judicial strategy, and suggests non-adjudicative techniques that judges can adopt to reinforce democracy. While theoretical in substance, this book is informed by empirical studies and draws on a wide range of disciplines, including law, political science, sociology and psychology. The book will be a key resource to judges, academics, and practitioners who are interested in the study of democracy and courts. Its insights are particularly pertinent in an age of democratic backsliding and resurgence of authoritarianism. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
From genome sequencing to large sky surveys, digital technologies produce massive datasets that promise unprecedented scientific insights. But data, for being good to use and reuse, need people – scientists, technicians, and administrators – as embodied, evaluative, social humans. In this book, anthropologist Götz Hoeppe draws on an ethnography of astronomical research to examine the media and practices that scientists and technicians use to instruct graduate students, make diagrams for data calibration and discovery, organize collaborative work, negotiate the ethics of open access, encode their knowledge in datasets – and do social inquiries along the way. This book offers a reflection on the sociality of data-rich research that will benefit attempts to integrate human and machine learning. It is essential reading for anyone interested in data science, science and technology studies, as well as the anthropology, sociology, history, and philosophy of science. This book is also available Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Much contemporary psychology is characterized by a natural science epistemology that overlooks the richness of human experience. This book offers a timely and necessary critique and emphasizes a conception of human beings as persons embedded in relationships, cultural groups, and historical contexts. Eva Magnusson and Jeanne Marecek provide strategies for critical reflective scrutiny of contemporary psychological theories and practices. Using 'styles of thinking' as one of their conceptual tools, they investigate whether, and how, theories, research methods, and debates across subfields such as cognition, language, and psychopathology take people's situatedness into account. The book gives readers practical guidance for conceptual analysis, and a set of questions for scrutinizing other subfields and practices. It also describes research methods and projects based on a view of humans as situated persons. The book offers both a philosophical foundation and a hands-on guide to a psychology with persons at its center.
International organizations (IOs) play a central role in contemporary international law-making: they institutionalize most of the processes through which international law is adopted today. From the perspective of the democratic legitimacy of international law, this raises the question of the conditions under which those IOs may be regarded as democratic representatives of their Member States' peoples. Curiously, given its important international and domestic stakes, however, the democratic representativeness of IOs, but also of States and other public and private institutions within those IOs does not seem to be much of a concern in practice. Even more curiously, and by contrast to other issues of democratic legitimacy it is necessarily related to, such as participation or deliberation inside IOs, representation has only rarely been addressed as such in scholarly debates. It is this gap in theory and practice that this volume purports to fill. It is the first one bringing global democracy theorists and international lawyers into dialogue on the topic and in English language. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
What are antagonistic political emotions, and what do they do? This book explores how such emotions unfold within and shape the political sphere. By driving and reinforcing identities, political emotions deepen divisions and empower feelings of hatred but also establish allegiance and belonging. Contributions from leading philosophers, political theorists, and social psychologists uncover the broad range of emotions animating contemporary political life and reveal how they impact political identities while also generating both solidarity and division. The chapters trace how antagonistic emotions manifest across diverse contexts, from climate activism and online extremism to electoral politics and everyday civic engagement. The cutting-edge perspectives on the emotional foundations of political life make this volume essential reading for those seeking to understand what propels political behaviour in our polarized age. Challenging traditional binaries of positive versus negative emotions, the book shows how antagonistic feelings place us simultaneously for, against, and together.
Quantitative easing (QE) is a relatively new form of monetary policy whereby a central bank buys up government bonds and other financial assets to stimulate economic activity. It came to prominence in the aftermath of the Global Financial Crisis of 2007-11 when standard monetary policy tools were unavailable to central banks due to low inflation levels. Quantitative tightening (QT) is the opposite whereby central banks sell off bonds and assets to reduce the size of their balance sheets. Quantitative Easing and Tightening brings together leading academics and practitioners to assess the legacy of quantitative easing and look at where new quantitative tightening measures may take us. It examines three of the most important actors in the QE/QT story: the Bank of England, the European Central Bank and the US Federal Reserve to provide an overview of the effectiveness, governance, and fiscal costs of quantitative easing and tightening.
This textbook establishes Critical Race Theory (CRT) as a central framework for social work education and praxis. Addressing and ultimately moving beyond models of cultural competence and diversity, it offers a comprehensive framework for integrating CRT into pedagogy, research, and practice. It introduces analytical tools to address issues such as systemic racism, the social construction of race, critiques of liberalism, interest convergence, intersectionality, and counternarratives. Chapters contributed by renowned social work researchers highlight how social work has been entangled with white supremacy, neoliberalism, and colonialism, while also presenting a road map for a change in the future. With case examples, narratives, and reflective questions, this book is designed for all levels of social work study, as well as for committed practitioners of anti-racism. Although grounded in the US context, global perspectives are included, making it relevant for international audiences facing systematic racism or colonial legacies.
As a psychiatrist, you may be the only medically qualified person available to manage the physical healthcare of a patient in a mental health setting. Do you know how to: Recognise sepsis? Diagnose headache disorders? Manage Type 1 Diabetes? Written by leading experts in medicine, surgery, pharmacy, physiotherapy, primary care, disease prevention and the law, this book contains a wealth of information specifically for psychiatrists about physical healthcare. With full-colour illustrations, there is information about the management of acute illness, infectious diseases, cardiac, respiratory and neurological emergencies, and long-term conditions e.g., endocrine, renal and gastrointestinal disorders. Whether you are an experienced psychiatrist or a trainee or GP, you will find practical guidance about making the 'first response', delivery of routine physical healthcare and referral to colleagues. This book is essential reading to help update your knowledge, help you to make the right decisions, and avoid traps for the unwary.
In the history of Western music, no single figure has been as closely tied to the Enlightenment as Beethoven: he is regarded as the composer who embodies ideals such as freedom and humanism that many celebrate as the Enlightenment's legacy. This view, however, rests on a very narrow conception of the Enlightenment that aggressively stresses secularism and political liberalism. More recent historical research has shown that the Enlightenment's outlook on political and religious issues was more diverse and nuanced than traditional accounts have depicted it. The essays in this volume consider how new ways of thinking about the Enlightenment can alter the way we understand Beethoven and his music. By rethinking Beethoven and the Enlightenment, this book questions the Beethoven we know in both the popular and scholarly imagination and redefines the role the composer plays in the history of Western music.
How does the state deliver justice to citizens? Are certain groups disadvantaged whilst seeking help from law enforcement and the courts? This book charts, for the first time, the full trajectory of accessing justice in India's criminal justice system, highlighting a pattern of multi-stage discrimination and unequal outcomes for women seeking restitution from the state. To probe how discrimination can be combated, the book tests whether gender representation in law enforcement-in the form of all-female enclaves or women-only police stations-affects change. The book demonstrates how certain forms of representation can lead to unintended consequences. By utilizing a range of research designs, the book not only casts a light on justice delivery in the world's largest democracy, but also transports readers into the world of crime and punishment in India.
This is a contemporary treatment of composition operators on Banach spaces of analytic functions in one complex variable. It provides a step-by-step introduction, starting with a review (including full proofs) of the key tools needed, and building the theory with a focus on Hardy and Bergman spaces. Several proofs of operator boundedness (Littlewood's principle) are given, and the authors discuss approaches to compactness issues and essential norm estimates (Shapiro's theorem) using different tools such as Carleson measures and Nevanlinna counting functions. Membership of composition operators in various ideal classes (Schatten classes for instance) and their singular numbers are studied. This framework is extended to Hardy-Orlicz and Bergman-Orlicz spaces and finally, weighted Hardy spaces are introduced, with a full characterization of those weights for which all composition operators are bounded. This will be a valuable resource for researchers and graduate students working in functional analysis, operator theory, or complex analysis.
Technological change and innovation have long fueled economic growth and employment. Yet, in recent decades, productivity gains have increasingly failed to translate into more jobs and higher wages. Jobless Growth and the New Great Transformation investigates this apparent paradox, by examining the theoretical and empirical evidence about the relationship between innovation and structural change. It combines rigorous and cutting-edge data analysis with EU case studies to reveal how recent technological breakthroughs, far from driving shared prosperity, have slowed growth, widened spatial divides and fueled societal polarization, partly due to excessive confidence in market deregulation. Drawing on data-driven analyses, the book explains why impacts of innovation vary so widely between regions and how history, institutions, and policy-not just market forces-determine who benefits from technological advances and who is left behind.
Drawing on methods from the history of emotions to study enslaved people's lives, Beth R. Wilson exposes the social, cultural and political role that emotion played in the US South. Exploring both individual and collective emotions, Wilson shows how enslaved people resisted white people's attempts to restrict their feelings and expressions by developing their own emotional ideals and expectations. Moving through case studies that examine a range of underexplored forms of testimony, the book introduces readers to slave narratives, letters, written interviews and recorded testimony to show that emotion was central to how enslaved people resisted, survived and remembered the system of slavery. Enslaved people's descriptions of their individual experiences of love, pain, grief and joy are woven throughout this study, which provides a framework that historians can use to paint a nuanced, detailed and empathetic picture of the complex emotional impact of slavery.