Dans la foulée des différentes vagues de mobilisation et de contestation des années 2010, les théories de la démocratie radicale ont permis de réfléchir à nouveaux frais au rapport des mouvements sociaux à la démocratie en les associant à un idéal d’insurrection populaire. Or, il découle de cette association une conception particulière de la conflictualité politique qui est susceptible de renoncer aux promesses pratiques et normatives de la démocratie. S’agissant de dépasser cette conception de la conflictualité politique et de réaffirmer la spécificité de l’apport démocratique des mouvements sociaux, cet article entend étayer l’hypothèse d’une institution insurgeante de la démocratie en soutenant que les mouvements sociaux contribuent par leurs pratiques contestataires à produire et à transformer l’ordre démocratique.

Telomere length is a biomarker of ageing, with shorter lengths associated with higher risk of age-related diseases and mortality. Oxidative stress and inflammation predominantly contribute to telomere shortening. Diets rich in antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties may help preserve telomere length. Nuts and seeds contain antioxidant and anti-inflammatory nutrients and bioactive compounds. Their consumption is recognised as protective against age-related conditions. The objective of this review is to evaluate the role of nut and seed intake on telomere length in humans. A systematic search was conducted in four databases from inception to 12 March 2024 to identify observational and interventional studies assessing nut and seed intake and measured telomere length as an outcome in adults (aged ≥18 years). Data from the included articles were extracted by one reviewer and verified by another reviewer. Out of the nine observational studies included, three reported positive associations between nut and seed intake and telomere length. None of the four interventional studies included reported a significant positive effect. Meta-analysis was not performed due to high variability in reporting telomere length measurements. The evidence is insufficient to confirm a beneficial role of nut and seed intake on telomere length. Adequately powered long-term intervention studies are needed.

Muscular dystrophy (MD) encompasses inherited myopathies characterised by progressive skeletal and cardiac muscle degeneration, chronic inflammation, and metabolic dysfunction. While emerging therapies show pre-clinical promise, few reach clinical translation, highlighting the need for supportive interventions to improve function and quality of life (QoL). Nutritional strategies may offer such benefits; however, limited data exist characterising diet in MD or associations with functional outcomes. This study assessed diet, nutritional status, and associations with muscle strength, function, and QoL in MD adults. Adults with MD (n = 39; FSHD = 8, LGMD = 9, Other = 22) and matched controls (n = 15) completed two 3-day food records, strength/function assessments, and QoL questionnaires. Between-group differences were analysed using t-tests or Mann-Whitney U, and associations using Pearson’s r or Spearman’s Rho (p < 0.05). Compared to controls, individuals with MD consumed more energy (89% vs. 35% exceeded RDI, p = 0.023), but less carbohydrate (-21%, p = 0.013), sugar (-31%, p = 0.004), protein (-15%), BCAAs (-31%, p = 0.049), and vitamin C (-43%, p = 0.009). MD participants demonstrated reduced muscle thickness, strength, function, and reported lower QoL and physical capacity (all p < 0.05). Protein intake positively correlated with strength and function (p < 0.05); BCAA intake was associated with lean mass (r = 0.442, p = 0.02) and strength (r = 0.372, p = 0.036). Findings indicate adults with MD consume excess energy but insufficient protein and micronutrients, supporting the need for MD-specific dietary guidance to optimise musculoskeletal health and QoL.

Dans cet article, je soutiens que les dynamiques de boys club peuvent être comprises comme des instances d’actions collectives, même en l’absence d’intentions partagées. Il n’est pas satisfaisant de penser ces phénomènes comme de simples accumulations d’actions individuelles isolées. Une théorie minimaliste de l’action collective nous permet de considérer qu’il s’agit bien d’un phénomène d’action collective : l’ordre social patriarcal offre un plan d’action, qui oriente et coordonne les comportements des agents. C’est en vertu de cette coordination qu’on peut parler d’action collective.

In Julia Maskivker’s recent “Justice and Contribution,” she argues that, under normal circumstances, the failure to guarantee that life-sustaining workers are above the non-struggle point is not merely disrespectful and a failure of beneficence, but a violation of the norms of fair play and, as such, a “low blow.” In this article, I offer a critical reply to Maskivker. I begin by explaining her reasoning. Then I turn to critique, focusing on two key weaknesses and, in so doing, drawing out two larger lessons.

I argue for a general conception of justice that aims to identify what is common to multiple complementary types of justice. John Rawls agrees that there are multiple types (or “levels” or “subjects”) of justice, each needing its own principles, but he opposes a general conception in favour of “unity by appropriate sequence.” I present my general conception — justice as environment-shaping responsibility — as a different path to theoretical unity in a multi-type view of justice. I show how my general conception of justice can be arrived at through a process of generalizing that starts with Rawls’s conception of domestic justice.

Polynomial Julia sets with tree structure, typically Hubbard trees, play an important role in holomorphic dynamics. In this paper, we study the dynamics of ${f_\alpha (z)=z^2+\alpha \bar {z}}$ for $\alpha $ being real and the Julia sets being trees. We show that all such $\alpha $ form an interval $[1,4]$. This answers a question of G. Sienra. We further show that $f_\alpha $ exhibits non-trivial dynamics on the Fatou set which equals to the escaping set.

This article addresses two objections by Samuel Kahn to my argument for a living wage for life-sustaining workers. First, it refutes the charge that my position is patronising for asserting that low wages impede a worker’s ability to thrive. Second, it responds to a challenge regarding the claim that individuals have a right to a monetary equivalent of their fair share of natural resources, and that this right can be used to determine the justice of a life-sustaining worker’s situation in modern society.

This prospective study investigated associations of various diet quality indices with mortality in Japan. Participants were 13,355 men and 15,724 women from the Takayama study. Eight diet quality indices were assessed using a food frequency questionnaire: the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), Alternative Mediterranean diet scores (AMED), Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015), Alternate Healthy Eating Index-2010 (AHEI-2010), Nutrient Rich Food Score 9.3 (NRF9.3), Diet Quality Score for Japanese (DQSJ), Japanese Food Guide Spinning Top (JFGST), and 12-item Japanese Diet Index (JDI12). Cox proportional models estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for all-cause and cause-specific mortality in 1 standard deviation (SD) difference for each index, with adjustment for confounders. During a mean follow-up of 14.1 years, 5,339 deaths were recorded. HRs (95% CIs) per 1 SD higher index were 0.90 (0.87 to 0.93) for AHEI-2010, 0.92 (0.89 to 0.95) for DQSJ, 0.93 (0.91 to 0.96) for NRF9.3, 0.94 (0.92 to 0.97) for AMED and DASH, 0.94 (0.91 to 0.97) for JFGST, 0.94 (0.91 to 0.98) for JDI12, and 0.97 (0.94 to 0.996) for HEI-2015. Similar protective associations were observed for cardiovascular disease mortality, but not for cancer mortality. These findings suggest that all eight indices are associated with lower mortality and that the strength of associations varies across indices; AHEI-2010 showed relatively strong associations, followed by the DQSJ, whereas the associations of HEI-2015 appeared relatively weaker in this Japanese population.

Why are some legislators more effective than others in fragmented presidential systems? I argue that in Brazil’s fractionalized party system, legislative member organizations (LMOs) supply policy and political information that parties often lack, enabling lawmakers to advance bills. I test this claim using novel legislative effectiveness scores (LESs) for sponsors and rapporteurs in Brazil’s lower chamber. Quantitative results show that LMO affiliation is associated with higher effectiveness, but only in highly structured organizations. Public security LMOs boost both sponsorship and rapporteurship, while agribusiness LMOs increase rapporteurship effectiveness. Weakly organized LMOs show null effects. Party affiliation matters, but parties do not consistently provide information and coordination. Qualitative data identify two mechanisms by which strong LMOs operate: placing aligned members in key positions and leveraging expertise to shape agendas and voting cues. These findings recast effectiveness in Brazil as a function of cross-party informational networks rather than parties alone and identify scope conditions under which LMOs matter in other multiparty presidential democracies.

There is limited research on the association between soda consumption and the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS), particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study investigated the relationship between soda consumption and MetS in Korean adults, stratified by sex, and compared differences before and after the pandemic using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2017–2021). A total of 13,051 adults aged 19–64 years were included. Soda consumption was assessed using 24-hour recall and categorized into five groups (nondrinkers and four quartiles). Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for MetS and its components. After adjusting for multiple covariates, no significant association was found between soda consumption and MetS overall. However, adults in the highest quartile of soda consumption (≥373g/day) had higher risks of abdominal obesity (P-trend=0.006) and hypertriglyceridemia (P-trend=0.003), compared to nondrinkers. When analyzed by gender, women in the highest quartile of soda consumption (≥315g/day) had significantly increased risks: MetS by 70% (OR=1.70; 95% CI: 1.08–2.68), abdominal obesity by 63% (OR=1.63; 95% CI:1.12–2.38), hypertriglyceridemia by 83%(OR=1.83; 95% CI:1.23–2.74), and low HDL cholesterol by 46%(OR=1.46; 95% CI:1.06–2.01), whereas no significant associations were observed in men. Post-pandemic analysis revealed a significant association between high soda consumption (≥ 416g/day) and MetS (OR=1.56; 95% CI:1.04–2.34), which was not significant in the pre-pandemic period (P-interaction=0.031). These findings suggest that high soda consumption may increase the risk of MetS, particularly among Korean women.

We augment an overlapping generations endogenous credit cycle model with environmental externalities and two regulatory authorities to study how fiscal and financial environmental regulation together shape environmental quality, macroeconomic stability, and income distribution. Environmental quality depends on pollution from the brown sector, regulated either through environmental haircuts on collateral or via tax-financed abatement and environmental improvements. We find that haircuts and taxes affect emissions, income distribution, and system stability in distinct ways, with interaction effects that create trade-offs between environmental outcomes and macroeconomic stability. Compared to scenarios with only financial regulation, introducing an environmental tax maintains similar environmental quality but achieves higher aggregate income and capital per worker. However, we uncover intergenerational trade-offs as environmental regulation improves environmental quality and raises incomes for younger agents and investors but lowers and destabilizes the returns of older generations reliant on capital income.

Societal “crises” are periods of turmoil and destabilization in sociocultural, political, economic, and other systems, often accompanied by violent power struggles, and sometimes significant changes in social structure. The extensive literature analyzing societal crises has concentrated on a relatively small sample of well-known cases (such as the fall of the Roman Empire), emphasizing separate aspects of these events as potential causes or consistent effects. To investigate crises in an even-handed fashion, and to avoid the potential small-sample-size bias present in several previous studies, we have created the Crisis Database (CrisisDB). CrisisDB uniformly characterizes a sample of 168 historical cases spanning millennia — from the prehistoric to the post-industrial — and varying polity complexities in diverse global regions. It features data on factors that are identified as relevant to explaining societal crises and significant “consequences” (such as warfare or epidemics), including institutional and cultural reforms (such as constitutional changes) that might occur during and immediately following the crisis period. Here, we study some examples from the CrisisDB and demonstrate our analyses, which show that the consequences of crisis experienced in each society are highly variable. The outcomes are uncorrelated with one another and, overall, the set of consequences is largely unpredictable, leading us to conclude that there is no “typical” societal crisis of the past. We offer some alternative suggestions about the forces that might propel, or mitigate, these varying consequences, highlighting areas that would benefit from future exploration, and the need for collaborative and interdisciplinary work on the study of crises.

Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is biologically plausible as an ergogenic aid through roles in mitochondrial energy production and antioxidant defence, yet findings from randomised trials are inconsistent. This review included 24 studies from 6 databases published up to November 2025, assessing effects of CoQ10 on exercise performance, subjective fatigue, and circulating CoQ10 levels in healthy adults. Randomised trials comparing CoQ10 with placebo were synthesised using a three-level model. Risk of bias was assessed with RoB2 and certainty judged with GRADE.

Supplementation consistently increased blood CoQ10, indicating robust biochemical responsiveness. In contrast, performance effects were small and inconsistent. In primary analyses, chronic supplementation showed a small benefit, whereas acute supplementation showed no benefit. After excluding outliers, the chronic effect was no longer stable and the acute effect remained trivial. All subgroup analyses were restricted to chronic supplementation. Within this context, aerobic endurance was significant in primary analyses but became borderline after outlier exclusion, while anaerobic and strength outcomes showed little change. Evidence for reduced subjective fatigue was suggestive and became more consistent after outlier exclusion. Benefits in trained individuals were unstable and became consistent only after outlier exclusion. No stable dose–response pattern emerged for supplementation dosage or duration. Heterogeneity and moderate-to-high risk of bias reduced certainty.

Collectively, CoQ10 reliably elevates circulating levels but provides at most modest and context-dependent benefits for exercise performance, largely under chronic use. Overall certainty is very low to low. Well-controlled randomised trials that standardise formulation, dose, and duration and examine sex-specific and endurance-related responses are needed.