This accessible and self-contained guide provides a comprehensive introduction to the popular programming language Python, with a focus on applications in chemistry and chemical physics. Ideally suited to students and researchers of chemistry learning to employ Python for problem-solving in their research, this fast-paced primer first builds a solid foundation in the programming language before progressing to advanced concepts and applications in chemistry. The required syntax and data structures are established, and then applied to solve problems computationally. Popular numerical packages are described in detail, including NumPy, SciPy, Matplotlib, SymPy, and pandas. End of chapter problems are included throughout, with worked solutions available within the book. Additional resources, datasets, and Jupyter Notebooks are provided on a companion website, allowing readers to reinforce their understanding and gain confidence applying their knowledge through a hands-on approach.

This accessible and self-contained guide provides a comprehensive introduction to the popular programming language Python, with a focus on applications in chemistry and chemical physics. Ideally suited to students and researchers of chemistry learning to employ Python for problem-solving in their research, this fast-paced primer first builds a solid foundation in the programming language before progressing to advanced concepts and applications in chemistry. The required syntax and data structures are established, and then applied to solve problems computationally. Popular numerical packages are described in detail, including NumPy, SciPy, Matplotlib, SymPy, and pandas. End of chapter problems are included throughout, with worked solutions available within the book. Additional resources, datasets, and Jupyter Notebooks are provided on a companion website, allowing readers to reinforce their understanding and gain confidence applying their knowledge through a hands-on approach.

The free-piston driver is a powerful technique to increase both the driver gas sound speed and pressure. Therefore, it is capable of generating high-enthalpy flows and offering high performance among various gasdynamic shock drivers. So far, it has been implemented in a number of major reflected-shock as well as shock-expansion wind tunnels around the world. The free-piston driver has the advantage that a high driver gas pressure is automatically generated in the same process. On the other hand, the driver is far more complex mechanically and requires operation-tuning in order to operate effectively. Moreover, its test time is short and the test flow is not steady because the piston motion is difficult to control. In this chapter, the basic concepts of the free-piston driver are discussed. The analytical theory that describes the piston dynamics and the method for tuned piston operation are presented. Examples of major free-piston-driven test facilities as well as their applications in hypersonic testing are also summarized.

This accessible and self-contained guide provides a comprehensive introduction to the popular programming language Python, with a focus on applications in chemistry and chemical physics. Ideally suited to students and researchers of chemistry learning to employ Python for problem-solving in their research, this fast-paced primer first builds a solid foundation in the programming language before progressing to advanced concepts and applications in chemistry. The required syntax and data structures are established, and then applied to solve problems computationally. Popular numerical packages are described in detail, including NumPy, SciPy, Matplotlib, SymPy, and pandas. End of chapter problems are included throughout, with worked solutions available within the book. Additional resources, datasets, and Jupyter Notebooks are provided on a companion website, allowing readers to reinforce their understanding and gain confidence applying their knowledge through a hands-on approach.

Hypersonic and high-enthalpy wind tunnels have been a challenge in ground testing facilities in aerospace research for decades. In regard to performance requirements, theories and methods for designing hypersonic flow nozzles at high enthalpy conditions are quite difficult, but very interesting topics, especially when dissociation of air molecules take place in test-gas reservoirs. In this chapter, fundamental theories and important methods for nozzle design are reviewed with the emphasis on two-dimensional axisymmetric nozzles for hypersonic high-enthalpy wind tunnels, including the method of characteristics, the graphic design method, the Sivells method, the theory for boundary layer correction, and computational fluid dynamics (CFD)-based design optimization methods. They were proposed based on several physical issues covering the expansion wave generation and reflection, boundary layer development, and real-gas effects of hypersonic flows. Difficulties arising from applications of these methods in high-enthalpy nozzle design are discussed in detail and state-of-the-art of nozzle design technologies that have been reached over decades are summarized with some brief comments.

This accessible and self-contained guide provides a comprehensive introduction to the popular programming language Python, with a focus on applications in chemistry and chemical physics. Ideally suited to students and researchers of chemistry learning to employ Python for problem-solving in their research, this fast-paced primer first builds a solid foundation in the programming language before progressing to advanced concepts and applications in chemistry. The required syntax and data structures are established, and then applied to solve problems computationally. Popular numerical packages are described in detail, including NumPy, SciPy, Matplotlib, SymPy, and pandas. End of chapter problems are included throughout, with worked solutions available within the book. Additional resources, datasets, and Jupyter Notebooks are provided on a companion website, allowing readers to reinforce their understanding and gain confidence applying their knowledge through a hands-on approach.

This accessible and self-contained guide provides a comprehensive introduction to the popular programming language Python, with a focus on applications in chemistry and chemical physics. Ideally suited to students and researchers of chemistry learning to employ Python for problem-solving in their research, this fast-paced primer first builds a solid foundation in the programming language before progressing to advanced concepts and applications in chemistry. The required syntax and data structures are established, and then applied to solve problems computationally. Popular numerical packages are described in detail, including NumPy, SciPy, Matplotlib, SymPy, and pandas. End of chapter problems are included throughout, with worked solutions available within the book. Additional resources, datasets, and Jupyter Notebooks are provided on a companion website, allowing readers to reinforce their understanding and gain confidence applying their knowledge through a hands-on approach.

Based on detonation-driven shock tunnels, key issues that play important roles in extending the test time are introduced in this chapter, and the corresponding solutions are proposed, evaluated, and discussed in detail, including the tailored-interface condition, the shock–boundary-layer interaction at the end of the driven section, and the precursor shock damping in the vacuum tank. The research work on these issues was carried out to find out the flow physics and application methods to improve the high-enthalpy shock tunnel for meeting the test time requirement for supersonic combustion and scramjet engine experiments. With application of the aforementioned theories and methods to the high-enthalpy shock tunnel, a large-scale detonation-driven hypersonic flight-duplicated shock tunnel (the JF-12 shock tunnel) was successfully developed, which can provide test times of more than 100 microseconds and is capable of duplicating hypersonic flight conditions for Mach numbers of 5–9 at altitudes of 25–50 km.

This accessible and self-contained guide provides a comprehensive introduction to the popular programming language Python, with a focus on applications in chemistry and chemical physics. Ideally suited to students and researchers of chemistry learning to employ Python for problem-solving in their research, this fast-paced primer first builds a solid foundation in the programming language before progressing to advanced concepts and applications in chemistry. The required syntax and data structures are established, and then applied to solve problems computationally. Popular numerical packages are described in detail, including NumPy, SciPy, Matplotlib, SymPy, and pandas. End of chapter problems are included throughout, with worked solutions available within the book. Additional resources, datasets, and Jupyter Notebooks are provided on a companion website, allowing readers to reinforce their understanding and gain confidence applying their knowledge through a hands-on approach.

This accessible and self-contained guide provides a comprehensive introduction to the popular programming language Python, with a focus on applications in chemistry and chemical physics. Ideally suited to students and researchers of chemistry learning to employ Python for problem-solving in their research, this fast-paced primer first builds a solid foundation in the programming language before progressing to advanced concepts and applications in chemistry. The required syntax and data structures are established, and then applied to solve problems computationally. Popular numerical packages are described in detail, including NumPy, SciPy, Matplotlib, SymPy, and pandas. End of chapter problems are included throughout, with worked solutions available within the book. Additional resources, datasets, and Jupyter Notebooks are provided on a companion website, allowing readers to reinforce their understanding and gain confidence applying their knowledge through a hands-on approach.

This accessible and self-contained guide provides a comprehensive introduction to the popular programming language Python, with a focus on applications in chemistry and chemical physics. Ideally suited to students and researchers of chemistry learning to employ Python for problem-solving in their research, this fast-paced primer first builds a solid foundation in the programming language before progressing to advanced concepts and applications in chemistry. The required syntax and data structures are established, and then applied to solve problems computationally. Popular numerical packages are described in detail, including NumPy, SciPy, Matplotlib, SymPy, and pandas. End of chapter problems are included throughout, with worked solutions available within the book. Additional resources, datasets, and Jupyter Notebooks are provided on a companion website, allowing readers to reinforce their understanding and gain confidence applying their knowledge through a hands-on approach.

This accessible and self-contained guide provides a comprehensive introduction to the popular programming language Python, with a focus on applications in chemistry and chemical physics. Ideally suited to students and researchers of chemistry learning to employ Python for problem-solving in their research, this fast-paced primer first builds a solid foundation in the programming language before progressing to advanced concepts and applications in chemistry. The required syntax and data structures are established, and then applied to solve problems computationally. Popular numerical packages are described in detail, including NumPy, SciPy, Matplotlib, SymPy, and pandas. End of chapter problems are included throughout, with worked solutions available within the book. Additional resources, datasets, and Jupyter Notebooks are provided on a companion website, allowing readers to reinforce their understanding and gain confidence applying their knowledge through a hands-on approach.

This accessible and self-contained guide provides a comprehensive introduction to the popular programming language Python, with a focus on applications in chemistry and chemical physics. Ideally suited to students and researchers of chemistry learning to employ Python for problem-solving in their research, this fast-paced primer first builds a solid foundation in the programming language before progressing to advanced concepts and applications in chemistry. The required syntax and data structures are established, and then applied to solve problems computationally. Popular numerical packages are described in detail, including NumPy, SciPy, Matplotlib, SymPy, and pandas. End of chapter problems are included throughout, with worked solutions available within the book. Additional resources, datasets, and Jupyter Notebooks are provided on a companion website, allowing readers to reinforce their understanding and gain confidence applying their knowledge through a hands-on approach.

This accessible and self-contained guide provides a comprehensive introduction to the popular programming language Python, with a focus on applications in chemistry and chemical physics. Ideally suited to students and researchers of chemistry learning to employ Python for problem-solving in their research, this fast-paced primer first builds a solid foundation in the programming language before progressing to advanced concepts and applications in chemistry. The required syntax and data structures are established, and then applied to solve problems computationally. Popular numerical packages are described in detail, including NumPy, SciPy, Matplotlib, SymPy, and pandas. End of chapter problems are included throughout, with worked solutions available within the book. Additional resources, datasets, and Jupyter Notebooks are provided on a companion website, allowing readers to reinforce their understanding and gain confidence applying their knowledge through a hands-on approach.

This accessible and self-contained guide provides a comprehensive introduction to the popular programming language Python, with a focus on applications in chemistry and chemical physics. Ideally suited to students and researchers of chemistry learning to employ Python for problem-solving in their research, this fast-paced primer first builds a solid foundation in the programming language before progressing to advanced concepts and applications in chemistry. The required syntax and data structures are established, and then applied to solve problems computationally. Popular numerical packages are described in detail, including NumPy, SciPy, Matplotlib, SymPy, and pandas. End of chapter problems are included throughout, with worked solutions available within the book. Additional resources, datasets, and Jupyter Notebooks are provided on a companion website, allowing readers to reinforce their understanding and gain confidence applying their knowledge through a hands-on approach.