School-based interventions offer a promising setting to promote healthier nutritional behaviours (NB) such as physical activity (PA), sedentary behaviour (SB) and eating behaviour, while addressing weight social inequalities. NB changes may occur before measurable effects on weight, which can take longer to emerge. This study evaluated the overall effectiveness of the school-based Promotion de l’ALIMentation et de l’Activité Physique – INEgalités de Santé (PRALIMAP-INÈS) trial on weight and NB social inequalities reduction among adolescents with overweight or obesity. Adolescents were divided into two intervention groups according to their socio-economic status (socially advantaged and socially less advantaged). NB were self-reported by adolescents. Outcomes were BMI z-score (BMIz), fruit and vegetables (FV) consumption, sweetened products and beverages (SPB) consumption, vigorous/moderate PA, walking and SB. Overall effectiveness was estimated using generalised pairwise comparisons, estimating net benefit for each outcome (δ) and overall net benefit (Δ). Of 985 adolescents (age = 15·3 (sd 0·7 years; 46·7 % boys), those in less advantaged group were 12·5 % more likely to have a favourable change in weight status and NB than those in advantaged group (Δ = 12·5 % (6·1, 19·1 %)). For each outcome, net benefits were as follows: BMIz (δ = 4·2 % (0·0, 8·6)), vigorous PA (δ = 4·2 % (0·4, 8·3)), FV (δ = 3·2 % (0·9, 5·5)), SB (δ = 0·8 % (–1·6, 3·2)), SPB (δ = −0·2 % (–1·1, 0·6)), moderate PA (δ = 0·2 %) (–0·7, 1·1) and walking (δ = 0·2 % (–0·2, 0·6)). Results showed an overall beneficial effect of the PRALIMAP-INÈS trial in reducing social inequalities in weight and NB among adolescents with overweight or obesity. Long-term effectiveness could be expected by reducing social inequalities in NB.

This paper explores sentiocentric antinatalism, which is based on two principles: (1) prevention of the emergence of pain and (2) antispeciesism. It argues that the notion that all sentient creatures, including humans, should not be born presents an unsolvable paradox; the paradox is that the antinatalists who attempt to eliminate all births of sentient creatures must bear the obligation to survive for the purpose of preventing the emergence of all other creatures in this world. There are four phases to their attempt, and corresponding to them, there are four obligations that antinatalists should bear in pursuit of their ultimate mission. In the last part of this paper, the paradox of antinatalism is compared to the paradox of time travel, and their similarities and differences are discussed. In addition, antinatalists’ obligations are discussed in terms of supererogation.

Using NHANES data (2011–2020), we assessed the association between the Nutritional Risk Index (NRI) and stroke risk among 22,839 adults (mean age, 49.61 ± 17.07 years), including 910 individuals (3.98%) with stroke. Weighted multivariable logistic regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis were used to characterize the association, with subgroup analyses to examine consistency across populations and mediation analyses to investigate the roles of lipid and inflammatory biomarkers. Higher continuous NRI was inversely associated with stroke, with each 1-unit increase associated with 4% lower odds (OR = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.95–0.97), and participants in the highest NRI quartile (Q4) had a significantly lower stroke risk than those in the lowest NRI quartile (Q1) (OR 0.60, 95% CI 0.42–0.85). RCS analysis indicated a linear relationship (P for nonlinearity >0.05), and the protective effect of higher NRI remained robust across nearly all subgroups examined. Mediation analyses revealed that total cholesterol, systemic immune-inflammation index, platelet-neutrophil product, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio each partially mediated the NRI–stroke association, with mediation effects ranging from 1.71% to 13.65%. These findings suggest that favorable nutritional status, reflected by higher NRI, is linked to lower stroke risk, with lipid metabolism and inflammation playing mediating roles in this association. Further longitudinal and mechanistic studies are warranted.

Specimens of the Nile puffer, Tetraodon lineatus Linnaeus (Tetraodontiformes: Tetraodontidae), were collected from the Nile River, Qena Governorate, Egypt (26°08′N, 32°42′E), and examined for monogenoidean parasites. A single species, initially identified as Heterobothrium lineatum Morsy, Saady, Abdel-Gaffar, Bashtar, Melhorn, Al Quraishy & Adel, 2012 (Monogenoidea: Diclidophoridae), was recovered from the gill lamellae of six out of seven examined hosts (prevalence = 86%). The taxonomic and phylogenetic status of this helminth was reassessed using an integrative approach combining morphological and molecular data. Comparative morphological analysis revealed that H. lineatum represented a junior subjective synonym of H. fluviatile Euzet & Birgi, 1975. Molecular analysis based on the 28S rDNA gene, representing the first inclusion of H. fluviatile as an ingroup taxon, placed this species within a well-supported clade of Heterobothrium species infecting tetraodontid fishes. Heterobothrium indicum Verma, 2022, a parasite of the goldband goatfish, Upeneus moluccensis (Bleeker) (Mulliformes: Mullidae), is herein transferred to Upenicola Unnithan, 1966 as Upenicola indicus (Verma, 2022) n. comb. The study highlighted the need for further investigation into the taxonomic status of Diclidophora indica Tripathi, 1959, and Neodiclidophora simhai Gupta & Krishna, 1980, as probable members of Heterobothrium. Moreover, Heterobothrium lamothei of Morsy et al. (nec Vidal Martinez & Mendoza-Franco) is regarded as a species inquirenda.

Fe-deficiency anaemia is common during pregnancy and can lead to serious health consequences for mothers and babies. Antenatal Fe supplementation is associated with lower anaemia prevalence and improved pregnancy outcomes, and the WHO recommends daily oral Fe (30–60 mg) with folic acid (0·4 mg) during pregnancy. However, data on uptake and adherence in many low- and middle-income countries remain fragmented and outdated. We conducted a secondary analysis of Demographic and Health Surveys from sixty-nine low- and middle-income countries to assess uptake and adherence to Fe-containing supplements and explore associations with socio-demographic characteristics and antenatal care (ANC). Overall, 86 % of respondents reported receiving Fe supplements during pregnancy. Among these women, 46·1 % consumed ninety or more supplements, 23·3 % consumed 120 or more, and only 7·1 % consumed 180 or more. Higher education, wealth, and media access were strongly associated with increased odds of initiating supplementation (OR: 1·32; 95 % CI: 1·25, 1·38; OR: 1·29; 95 % CI: 1·20, 1·38; OR: 1·15; 95 % CI: 1·05, 1·26, respectively) and adhering to the regimen (OR: 1·16; 95 % CI: 1·12, 1·21; OR: 1·21; 95 % CI: 1·13, 1·30; OR: 1·14; 95 % CI: 1·08, 1·20, respectively). Early ANC attendance was also associated with higher supplement consumption. Country-specific ANC guidelines are needed to provide clear guidance on the timing and frequency of ANC attendance and supplementation.