We introduce a contact invariant in the bordered sutured Heegaard Floer homology of a three-manifold with boundary. The input for the invariant is a contact manifold $(M, \xi , \mathcal {F})$ whose convex boundary is equipped with a signed singular foliation $\mathcal {F}$ closely related to the characteristic foliation. Such a manifold admits a family of foliated open book decompositions classified by a Giroux correspondence, as described in [LV20]. We use a special class of foliated open books to construct admissible bordered sutured Heegaard diagrams and identify well-defined classes $c_D$ and $c_A$ in the corresponding bordered sutured modules.

Foliated open books exhibit user-friendly gluing behavior, and we show that the pairing on invariants induced by gluing compatible foliated open books recovers the Heegaard Floer contact invariant for closed contact manifolds. We also consider a natural map associated to forgetting the foliation $\mathcal {F}$ in favor of the dividing set and show that it maps the bordered sutured invariant to the contact invariant of a sutured manifold defined by Honda–Kazez–Matić.

We prove that the moduli space of rational curves with cyclic action, constructed in our previous work, is realizable as a wonderful compactification of the complement of a hyperplane arrangement in a product of projective spaces. By proving a general result on such wonderful compactifications, we conclude that this moduli space is Chow-equivalent to an explicit toric variety (whose fan can be understood as a tropical version of the moduli space), from which a computation of its Chow ring follows.

Kruskal’s theorem states that a sum of product tensors constitutes a unique tensor rank decomposition if the so-called k-ranks of the product tensors are large. We prove a ‘splitting theorem’ for sets of product tensors, in which the k-rank condition of Kruskal’s theorem is weakened to the standard notion of rank, and the conclusion of uniqueness is relaxed to the statement that the set of product tensors splits (i.e., is disconnected as a matroid). Our splitting theorem implies a generalization of Kruskal’s theorem. While several extensions of Kruskal’s theorem are already present in the literature, all of these use Kruskal’s original permutation lemma and hence still cannot certify uniqueness when the k-ranks are below a certain threshold. Our generalization uses a completely new proof technique, contains many of these extensions and can certify uniqueness below this threshold. We obtain several other useful results on tensor decompositions as consequences of our splitting theorem. We prove sharp lower bounds on tensor rank and Waring rank, which extend Sylvester’s matrix rank inequality to tensors. We also prove novel uniqueness results for nonrank tensor decompositions.

This project uses methods in geometric analysis to study almost complex manifolds. We introduce the notion of biharmonic almost complex structure on a compact almost Hermitian manifold and study its regularity and existence in dimension four. First, we show that there always exists smooth energy-minimizing biharmonic almost-complex structures for any almost Hermitian four manifold. Then, we study the existence problem where the homotopy class is specified. Given a homotopy class $[\tau ]$ of an almost complex structure, using the fact $\pi _4(S^2)=\mathbb {Z}_2$, there exists a canonical operation p on the homotopy classes satisfying $p^2=\text {id}$ such that $p([\tau ])$ and $[\tau ]$ have the same first Chern class. We prove that there exists an energy-minimizing biharmonic almost complex structure in the companion homotopy classes $[\tau ]$ and $p([\tau ])$. Our results show that, When M is simply connected, there exists an energy-minimizing biharmonic almost complex structure in the homotopy classes with the given first Chern class.

Given a sequence $\boldsymbol {k} := (k_1,\ldots ,k_s)$ of natural numbers and a graph G, let $F(G;\boldsymbol {k})$ denote the number of colourings of the edges of G with colours $1,\dots ,s$, such that, for every $c \in \{1,\dots ,s\}$, the edges of colour c contain no clique of order $k_c$. Write $F(n;\boldsymbol {k})$ to denote the maximum of $F(G;\boldsymbol {k})$ over all graphs G on n vertices. This problem was first considered by Erdős and Rothschild in 1974, but it has been solved only for a very small number of nontrivial cases. In previous work with Pikhurko and Yilma, (Math. Proc. Cambridge Phil. Soc. 163 (2017), 341–356), we constructed a finite optimisation problem whose maximum is equal to the limit of $\log _2 F(n;\boldsymbol {k})/{n\choose 2}$ as n tends to infinity and proved a stability theorem for complete multipartite graphs G.

In this paper, we provide a sufficient condition on $\boldsymbol {k}$ which guarantees a general stability theorem for any graph G, describing the asymptotic structure of G on n vertices with $F(G;\boldsymbol {k}) = F(n;\boldsymbol {k}) \cdot 2^{o(n^2)}$ in terms of solutions to the optimisation problem. We apply our theorem to systematically recover existing stability results as well as all cases with $s=2$. The proof uses a version of symmetrisation on edge-coloured weighted multigraphs.

We extend Venkatesh’s proof of the converse theorem for classical holomorphic modular forms to arbitrary level and character. The method of proof, via the Petersson trace formula, allows us to treat arbitrary degree $2$ gamma factors of Selberg class type.

We consider the Euler characteristics $\chi (M)$ of closed, orientable, topological $2n$-manifolds with $(n-1)$-connected universal cover and a given fundamental group G of type $F_n$. We define $q_{2n}(G)$, a generalised version of the Hausmann-Weinberger invariant [19] for 4–manifolds, as the minimal value of $(-1)^n\chi (M)$. For all $n\geq 2$, we establish a strengthened and extended version of their estimates, in terms of explicit cohomological invariants of G. As an application, we obtain new restrictions for nonabelian finite groups arising as fundamental groups of rational homology 4–spheres.

If a sequence indexed by nonnegative integers satisfies a linear recurrence without constant terms, one can extend the indices of the sequence to negative integers using the recurrence. Recently, Cigler and Krattenthaler showed that the negative version of the number of bounded Dyck paths is the number of bounded alternating sequences. In this paper, we provide two methods to compute the negative versions of sequences related to moments of orthogonal polynomials. We give a combinatorial model for the negative version of the number of bounded Motzkin paths. We also prove two conjectures of Cigler and Krattenthaler on reciprocity between determinants.

We determine all the extremal Gromov-Witten invariants of the Hilbert scheme of $3$ points on a smooth projective complex surface. Our result for the genus-$1$ case verifies a conjecture that we propose for the genus-$1$ extremal Gromov-Witten invariant of the Hilbert scheme of n points with n being arbitrary. The main ideas in the proofs are to use geometric arguments involving the cosection localization theory of Kiem and J. Li [17, 23], algebraic manipulations related to the Heisenberg operators of Grojnowski [13] and Nakajima [34], and the virtual localization formulas of Gromov-Witten theory [12, 20, 30].

We introduce $\varepsilon $-approximate versions of the notion of a Euclidean vector bundle for $\varepsilon \geq 0$, which recover the classical notion of a Euclidean vector bundle when $\varepsilon = 0$. In particular, we study Čech cochains with coefficients in the orthogonal group that satisfy an approximate cocycle condition. We show that $\varepsilon $-approximate vector bundles can be used to represent classical vector bundles when $\varepsilon> 0$ is sufficiently small. We also introduce distances between approximate vector bundles and use them to prove that sufficiently similar approximate vector bundles represent the same classical vector bundle. This gives a way of specifying vector bundles over finite simplicial complexes using a finite amount of data and also allows for some tolerance to noise when working with vector bundles in an applied setting. As an example, we prove a reconstruction theorem for vector bundles from finite samples. We give algorithms for the effective computation of low-dimensional characteristic classes of vector bundles directly from discrete and approximate representations and illustrate the usage of these algorithms with computational examples.

We prove several consistency results concerning the notion of $\omega $-strongly measurable cardinal in $\operatorname {\mathrm {HOD}}$. In particular, we show that is it consistent, relative to a large cardinal hypothesis weaker than $o(\kappa ) = \kappa $, that every successor of a regular cardinal is $\omega $-strongly measurable in $\operatorname {\mathrm {HOD}}$.

Albert algebras, a specific kind of Jordan algebra, are naturally distinguished objects among commutative nonassociative algebras and also arise naturally in the context of simple affine group schemes of type $\mathsf {F}_4$, $\mathsf {E}_6$, or $\mathsf {E}_7$. We study these objects over an arbitrary base ring R, with particular attention to the case $R = \mathbb {Z}$. We prove in this generality results previously in the literature in the special case where R is a field of characteristic different from 2 and 3.

We study dynamics of solutions in the initial value space of the sixth Painlevé equation as the independent variable approaches zero. Our main results describe the repeller set, show that the number of poles and zeroes of general solutions is unbounded and that the complex limit set of each solution exists and is compact and connected.

Let G be a connected reductive group, T a maximal torus of G, N the normalizer of T and $W=N/T$ the Weyl group of G. Let ${\mathfrak {g}}$ and ${\mathfrak {t}}$ be the Lie algebras of G and T. The affine variety $\mathfrak {car}={\mathfrak {t}}/\!/W$ of semisimple G-orbits of ${\mathfrak {g}}$ has a natural stratification

$$ \begin{align*} \mathfrak{car}=\coprod_{\lambda}\mathfrak{car}_{\lambda} \end{align*} $$

indexed by the set of G-conjugacy classes of Levi subgroups: the open stratum is the set of regular semisimple orbits and the closed stratum is the set of central orbits.

In [17], Rider considered the triangulated subcategory $D_{\mathrm {c}}^{\mathrm {b}}([{\mathfrak {g}}_{\mathrm {nil}}/G])^{\mathrm {Spr}}$ of $D_{\mathrm {c}}^{\mathrm {b}}([{\mathfrak {g}}_{\mathrm {nil}}/G])$ generated by the direct summand of the Springer sheaf. She proved that it is equivalent to the derived category of finitely generated dg modules over the smash product algebra ${\overline {\mathbb {Q}}_{\ell }}[W]\# H^{\bullet }_G(G/B)$ where $H^{\bullet }_G(G/B)$ is the G-equivariant cohomology of the flag variety. Notice that the later derived category is $D_{\mathrm {c}}^{\mathrm {b}}(\mathrm {B}(N))$ where $\mathrm {B}(N)=[\mathrm {Spec}(k)/N]$ is the classifying stack of N-torsors.

The aim of this paper is to understand geometrically and generalise Rider’s equivalence of categories: For each $\lambda $ we construct a cohomological correspondence inducing an equivalence of categories between $D_{\mathrm {c}}^{\mathrm {b}}([{\mathfrak {t}}_{\lambda }/N])$ and $D_{\mathrm {c}}^{\mathrm {b}}([{\mathfrak {g}}_{\lambda }/G])^{\mathrm {Spr}}$.

We propose a conjectural semiorthogonal decomposition for the derived category of the moduli space of stable rank 2 bundles with fixed determinant of odd degree, independently formulated by Narasimhan. We discuss some evidence for and furthermore propose semiorthogonal decompositions with additional structure.

We also discuss two other decompositions. One is a decomposition of this moduli space in the Grothendieck ring of varieties, which relates to various known motivic decompositions. The other is the critical value decomposition of a candidate mirror Landau–Ginzburg model given by graph potentials, which in turn is related under mirror symmetry to Muñoz’s decomposition of quantum cohomology. This corresponds to an orthogonal decomposition of the Fukaya category. We discuss how decompositions on different levels (derived category of coherent sheaves, Grothendieck ring of varieties, Fukaya category, quantum cohomology, critical sets of graph potentials) are related and support each other.

We define a notion of height for rational points with respect to a vector bundle on a proper algebraic stack with finite diagonal over a global field, which generalizes the usual notion for rational points on projective varieties. We explain how to compute this height for various stacks of interest (for instance: classifying stacks of finite groups, symmetric products of varieties, moduli stacks of abelian varieties, weighted projective spaces). In many cases, our uniform definition reproduces ways already in use for measuring the complexity of rational points, while in others it is something new. Finally, we formulate a conjecture about the number of rational points of bounded height (in our sense) on a stack $\mathcal {X}$, which specializes to the Batyrev–Manin conjecture when $\mathcal {X}$ is a scheme and to Malle’s conjecture when $\mathcal {X}$ is the classifying stack of a finite group.

Let k be an algebraically closed field of prime characteristic p. Let $kGe$ be a block of a group algebra of a finite group G, with normal defect group P and abelian $p'$ inertial quotient L. Then we show that $kGe$ is a matrix algebra over a quantised version of the group algebra of a semidirect product of P with a certain subgroup of L. To do this, we first examine the associated graded algebra, using a Jennings–Quillen style theorem.

As an example, we calculate the associated graded of the basic algebra of the nonprincipal block in the case of a semidirect product of an extraspecial p-group P of exponent p and order $p^3$ with a quaternion group of order eight with the centre acting trivially. In the case of $p=3$, we give explicit generators and relations for the basic algebra as a quantised version of $kP$. As a second example, we give explicit generators and relations in the case of a group of shape $2^{1+4}:3^{1+2}$ in characteristic two.

We generalize the works of Pappas–Rapoport–Zhu on twisted affine Grassmannians to the wildly ramified case under mild assumptions. This rests on a construction of certain smooth affine $\mathbb {Z}[t]$-groups with connected fibers of parahoric type, motivated by previous work of Tits. The resulting $\mathbb {F}_p(t)$-groups are pseudo-reductive and sometimes non-standard in the sense of Conrad–Gabber–Prasad, and their $\mathbb {F}_p [\hspace {-0,5mm}[ {t} ]\hspace {-0,5mm}] $-models are parahoric in a generalized sense. We study their affine Grassmannians, proving normality of Schubert varieties and Zhu’s coherence theorem.

We consider the Dirichlet Laplacian with uniform magnetic field on a curved strip in two dimensions. We give a sufficient condition on the width and the curvature of the strip ensuring the existence of the discrete spectrum in the strong magnetic field limit, answering (negatively) a conjecture made by Duclos and Exner.