Effectively improving flight fuel efficiency and optimising operational management while ensuring environmentally sustainable and safe operations is crucial for the global aviation to achieve a successful sustainability transition. Addressing the imperative shift from conventional air traffic flow management (ATFM) to trajectory-based operation (TBO), this paper proposes a large-scale flight trajectory optimisation framework under TBO. The study integrates influencing factors including meteorological conditions, airspace capacity and aircraft performance. With the assistance of an air traffic operation simulation system, flight characteristic information is extracted to construct the optimisation model. The model addresses a multi-objective optimisation problem, balancing sector excess traffic flow against cruise fuel consumption within a priority-based framework, to generate global flight plans with optimal altitude profile and waypoint overflight times. Experiment in Chinese airspace shows the TBO scenario achieves substantial reductions of 66.0% in excess sector traffic and 7.8% in cruise fuel consumption versus baseline scenario. This provides a methodological framework for airspace resource allocation supporting energy conservation and emission reduction.

The American Society of Clinical Psychopharmacology convened a 45-member international expert task force to identify circumstances supporting the deprescribing of core psychotropic medications for major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorders. Three Delphi survey rounds plus a selective literature review identified points of consensus (predefined as ≥75% agreement) about when antidepressant, antipsychotic, mood stabiliser and sedative-hypnotic deprescribing is warranted. Twenty out of 32 statements (63%) achieved consensus across seven thematic areas. In MDD, panellists favoured discontinuing antidepressants when mechanisms of action are duplicative, adequate trials produce ≤25% improvement or loss of prior efficacy cannot be regained through dose increases or augmentations. Indefinite antidepressant maintenance in MDD was favoured after three or more lifetime episodes. In bipolar disorder, antidepressant deprescribing was favoured in the setting of rapid cycling, mixed features or emerging mania/hypomania symptoms; and discouraged if prior antidepressant cessation led to relapse. In nonpsychotic mood disorders, panellists favoured deprescribing antipsychotics that caused significant weight gain or tardive dyskinesia over adding pharmacological antidotes. Deprescribing to achieve an eventual medication-free status was considered inappropriate, in bipolar type 1, but not necessarily bipolar type 2 disorder. Although individualised circumstances necessarily inform psychopharmacology management, clinical presentations that misalign with existing pharmacotherapies may signal the desirability of cautious deprescribing.

A congenital left atrial appendage aneurysm represents a very rare entity. CT angiography proved to be a valuable diagnostic tool, allowing for effective diagnosis and precise visualisation of spatial relationships.

This study presents a bespoke hardware platform for indoor navigation, featuring a quadrotor equipped with an FZ3 card incorporating the AMD (formerly Xilinx) Zynq UltraScale+ ZU3EG MPSoC as the onboard computer. A core component of this platform is a field programmable gate array (FPGA) module specifically designed to efficiently compute Delaunay triangulations, enabling enhanced spatial awareness and real-time surface reconstruction. The onboard computer communicates with the flight controller, inertial measurement unit (IMU), ultra-wideband (UWB) localisation system, stereo camera, light detection and ranging (LiDAR) and ultrasonic sensors via robotic operating system (ROS) 2. The primary objective is to develop a cost-effective, modular unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) system that can be adapted for a range of indoor navigation applications. The modular design supports different onboard computer platforms and sensor configurations, allowing researchers to easily customise the system for various experiments. By providing a practical framework for precise indoor navigation, this platform addresses the limitations of simulated, simplified laboratory setups, accelerating prototyping and supporting the deployment of UAVs in complex real-world environments. This work explores the UAV’s hardware architecture, the implementation of the Delaunay triangulation core on the FPGA system-on-chip (SoC), the ROS 2-based communication system and includes a detailed mass analysis and power estimation.

Critical Forest Studies is a rapidly growing field that takes multispecies relationships with/in forests as the starting point for critical and creative inquiry. Shaped by the contested political ecologies that emerge where different forest cosmologies, languages, histories, and ecologies meet, the field builds on related developments in the environmental humanities which explore multispecies relations through artistic, historical, philosophical, poetic, literary, and performative approaches. As the first special issue dedicated to Critical Forest Studies, this collection brings the field into direct dialogue with the theories, methodologies, and practices of environmental education. Environmental education has a rich and generative history of relational engagement with forests — from place-based and outdoor learning traditions to more-than-human and posthumanist approaches — and this collection builds on and extends that history. Indigenous and place-based perspectives are foregrounded throughout, bringing together diverse interdisciplinary understandings across four key areas: forest sentience, forest imaginaries, forest regeneration, and forest pedagogies. The collection bridges conceptual, artistic, empirical, methodological, and educational practices across these four themes, opening new possibilities for how environmental education might think, feel, and act with forests in times of ecological urgency.

When it comes to making political decisions about religion, decision-makers often rely on the testimonies of two kinds of religious experts: religious leaders and academic experts of religion. While such religious experts have epistemic authority for questions of religious identification and religious orthodoxy, their expertise is the wrong kind in a religiously neutral state. Questions of religious identification unfairly treat religion as being uniquely special and questions of religious orthodoxy give priority to religious traditions over individuals. Instead, only the subjective importance of commitments matters for cases of religious freedom, and only the objective interpretation of religious establishment matters in cases of religious establishment. Religious experts having no epistemic advantage here, they should not be playing any special role in making decisions about religion.

This article presents a case study of an undergraduate workshop at Oxford University which, using the Corsi Collection of the Oxford University Museum of Natural History, focused on the identification and appreciation of coloured marbles, of the sort seen in ancient sculpture and architecture. Grounded in object-based learning (OBL), but conducted within the constraints of a predominantly text-based and classroom-bound curriculum, the workshop employed direct object engagement to foster observational skills, material literacy, and critical reflection on ancient resource use, offering students a chance to interact directly with Roman decorative materials. It aimed to demonstrate the pedagogical value of tactile engagement with artefacts in developing historical understanding, enhancing student enthusiasm, and embedding experiential learning within a traditionally text-centric curriculum. Drawing on theoretical frameworks developed by Hannan et al. and Laurillard, this paper argues that the integration of material-focused pedagogies can meaningfully boost student engagement and learning outcomes, while also contributing to broader institutional discussions about teaching excellence and student success. The outcomes demonstrate the significant pedagogical potential of object-based learning (OBL), especially in disciplines like Classics where material culture is often under-represented. In reflecting on outcomes, challenges, and broader applicability, the article advocates for wider adoption of OBL within Classics and outlines practical ways in which it can complement standard university teaching.

Newspaper reporters routinely occupied the galleries of the adversarial and inquisitorial courts at the beginning of the twentieth century but whether their shorthand progressed to publication and into the public domain was sensitive to many factors. Newsworthy cases were self-selecting; headlines could be quickly constituted from verdicts and riders, and the verbatim replication of proceedings provided editors with ready content safe from libel. Scholars of Ireland rely heavily on digitized newspapers as surrogate sources for legal records destroyed in 1922, but the extent to which they can be used in that respect merits further and detailed research. This article takes a case study approach to show the methodological challenges faced by historians dealing with partial archival pasts and why digitized newspapers should be used with great caution. Using a sample of cases from Irish coronial court registers, it traces newspaper coverage over the course of a census year to ascertain discernible patterns. With a particular focus on suicide, it exposes the problems associated with using digitized newspapers in historical research, the limitations of search engine capacities, as well as the necessity for more critical analysis of the embedded gender and class biases that influenced editorial decisions.

This study tests how form overlap with the L1 influences young learners’ ability to recognize L2 words from continuous speech before they receive classroom instruction in English as a foreign language (EFL). German 6- to 9-year-olds were tested on their ability to recognize words in English utterances that overlapped in form with their German translation equivalents (e.g., cognate words, milk-Milch /mɪlk/ – /mɪlx/) or did not (e.g., non-cognate words, smoke – Rauch, /smoʊk/ – /raʊ̯x/). German form similarity neither influenced performance at the group level nor when differences in individual German skills were considered. This pattern of results remained even when, in Experiment 2, the German word form was pre-activated visually. Unlike adults’, pre-EFL learners’ recognition of words in continuous speech is not affected by form similarity to German, which we link to differences in metalinguistic awareness and the role of form-meaning mappings, especially in early FL learning.

This article examines the relationship between consumerism and the revolts of 1968 in France, Italy and West Germany. It reviews the ways the political and cultural revolts of the long 1960s have been understood in their relation to consumerism, examines what consumption meant in the late 1960s to protesters and analyses the idea of ‘recuperation’. The article uses the case study of advertising to demonstrate that protesters both embraced an anti-consumeris position and adopted the tools of advertising for the purpose of revolt. At times the anti-consumerist drive conflicted with the appropriation of advertising. Advertisers had adopted themes of revolution before ‘1968’ and the idea of ‘recuperation’ was important primarily for the role it played in the imagination of radical protest.

The use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) shows promise as a potential new method of herbicide application; however, relatively few studies have been conducted to determine how UAV application parameters influence spray deposition and weed control. Separate experiments were conducted in soybean fields in 2023 and 2024 to: 1) compare weed control, spray coverage, and uniformity, and off-target movement between a DJI Agras T40 and ground-based sprayers, and 2) determine the effects of application speed, spray height, and spray volume on spray coverage and waterhemp control with a UAV. Ground-based sprayers consistently provided greater and more uniform spray coverage than the UAV and resulted in more consistent waterhemp control across the swath width. Normalized coverage data indicated greater proportional off-target spray movement with the UAV, although absolute off-target coverage did not differ between application methods. In the second experiment, a variety of different UAV spray application parameters were assessed for their effects on spray coverage and waterhemp control following applications of glufosinate. Coverage in the center of the swath was improved at an application speed of 3.5 m s-1 compared to 7 m s-1, while increasing the height of application above the soybean canopy from 3 to 4.5 m resulted in lower waterhemp control. Overall, results from this research indicate that UAV applications can provide effective weed control under optimized operating conditions but would require narrower swath widths, careful management of application parameters, and additional drift mitigation practices.