In schizophrenia, depressive and negative symptoms often overlap, complicating the diagnosis. Symptoms such as lack of energy, anhedonia and association make the distinction difficult. A subjective state of sadness may indicate depression, while affective flattening is characteristic of schizophrenia. Other symptoms relevant to diagnosing depression include hopelessness, negative self-assessment, guilt, anxiety, and self-destructive thoughts.

This study, conducted over 6 months, aims to establish both the rate and the total number of patients with schizophrenia, suffering from depression to provide a better understanding of the clinical particularities of this type of comorbidity.

The research provided for a cross-sectional study to assess the incidence of depression among patients with schizophrenia hospitalized in the Clinical Psychiatric Hospital of Chisinau during the reference period. The Calgary depression scale for schizophrenia (CDSS) has been used as an evaluation tool to highlight the presence of depressive symptoms, while PANSS (negative symptoms) has been used, to measure their severity in schizophrenia. The data collection process involved structured questionnaires, semi-structured interviews with patients and clinical history analysis to obtain additional information.

The study included 155 women diagnosed with schizophrenia, aged between 18 and 55. Of these, 28.39% had more than two admissions during the year. Most of the patients included in the study (73.55%) suffered from F20.0, the rates of other forms of schizophrenia being: F20.1 (1.29%); F20.2 (14.84%); F20.3 (9.68%) and F20.9 (0.65%). According to the questionnaire applied to patients with different types of schizophrenia, it was observed that, 40.65% achieved a total score of more than 6 points on the CDSS scale (clinically significant depression) and 34.92% required repeated hospitalisation in the same year. Of those repeatedly admitted, 74.6% suffered from F20.0; 14.29% (F20.2) and 11.11% (F20.3), which probably could be a confirmation of the increased severity of the patient’s condition in case of comorbidity – schizophrenia-depression.

It can be assumed that the comorbidity of schizophrenia-depression negatively influences the social recovery process, but also the quality of life of patients; increases the risk of relapse. Patients with depression often experience higher rates of hospitalization because depressive symptoms can lead to emotional instability, cognitive impairments, undermining interpersonal relationships, social networking and reintegration. It is essential that mental health professionals identify and treat depression in patients with schizophrenia in order to increase their quality of life.

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Pregnancy induces significant physiological and psychological changes. This study evaluates self-esteem, body image satisfaction, and psychological well-being among pregnant women at Monastir Maternity Center, Tunisia.

1. 1. To assess self-esteem and body image satisfaction among pregnant women.

2. 2. To evaluate the psychological well-being and the adequacy of support provided during pregnancy.

Conducted over two months (March-April 2022) with 62 participants (88.57% response rate) at Monastir Maternity Center. Self-esteem was measured using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), and body image satisfaction was assessed with the Body Image States Scale (BISS). Sociodemographic, obstetric, and psychosocial variables were collected.

The study included 62 participants, with an average age of 31.68 ± 7.49 years. Most participants (62.9%) were stay-at-home individuals, and two-thirds reported their current pregnancy as desired.

Body image satisfaction, measured by the Body Image States Scale, averaged 5.32 ± 3.67, indicating moderate satisfaction.

Self-esteem was low in 79% of participants, while 74.2% had no depressive symptoms and 90.3% had no anxiety symptoms.

Half of the participants (50%) reported their psychological well-being was addressed during pregnancy, with the majority (41.9%) receiving support from family members. Three-quarters (75%) considered pregnancy consultations the best time to discuss psychological issues. Almost all (98.4%) wanted additional psychological support. Over half (56.5%) talked about their pregnancy difficulties with someone, while 22.6% did not address them, and 21.0% did not experience any difficulties.

The study highlights a significant prevalence of low self-esteem and moderate body image satisfaction among pregnant women.. The study also reveals that while many women discuss their difficulties with others, there remains a gap in addressing psychological issues adequately, particularly considering the majority of participants desire more support.

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Equitable access to mental health services is a challenge in Brazil, marked by socioeconomic and regional inequalities. Despite advances in policies such as psychiatric reform and the Psychosocial Care Network (RAPS), barriers persist, especially for vulnerable populations. Issues such as the unequal distribution of resources, stigma, and a lack of professionals impact both access and the quality of care.

To analyze the inequalities in access to mental health services in Brazil and identify strategies to promote equity.

A systematic review was conducted using the PubMed, Scielo, and Lilacs databases, covering studies published between 2015 and 2023. The keywords used were “mental health access,” “health equity,” “Brazil,” and “mental health inequalities.” Inclusion criteria focused on studies addressing access to mental health services in Brazil, highlighting barriers, facilitators, and strategies to promote equity. Data were qualitatively synthesized to identify trends and challenges.

The review revealed significant disparities in access to mental health services, influenced by socioeconomic, geographic, and cultural factors. Remote regions, such as the North and Northeast, suffer from a lack of infrastructure and specialized professionals. While urban centers offer more services, rural areas face considerable limitations. The unequal distribution of professionals, such as psychiatrists and psychologists, exacerbates these inequalities. Stigma surrounding mental illness and a lack of awareness further hinder help-seeking behavior. Vulnerable populations, including Indigenous peoples and residents of favelas, face additional barriers such as discrimination and a lack of culturally adapted services.

The Unified Health System (SUS) provides a model of universal access but faces challenges related to funding, infrastructure, and capacity to meet the growing demand. Despite the efforts of RAPS, many services are overwhelmed, resulting in long waiting times and insufficient care. Strategies like integrating mental health into primary care have shown effectiveness but require more support and expansion.

Equitable access to mental health care in Brazil is impacted by various barriers, including regional disparities and stigma. To promote equity, it is crucial to invest in expanding the mental health care network, focusing on underserved areas and vulnerable populations. Effective policies should include professional training, stigma reduction, and culturally sensitive services. Integrating mental health services with primary care, strengthened by the SUS, is essential to ensure more accessible and comprehensive care.

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Effective approaches exist to prevent and treat mental illness and to promote mental health but most people who could benefit from evidence-based interventions (policies, programmes, and individual-level practices or services) do not receive them. Too often, research produces interventions and implementation strategies that are difficult to scale owing to misalignment with the political, cultural, policy, system, community, provider, and individual realities of real-world settings. The Lancet Psychiatry Commission on Transforming Mental Health Implementation Research considers strategies for changing how research is done to produce more actionable evidence. It examines how to integrate research and real-world implementation; centre equity in mental health intervention and implementation research; apply a complexity science lens to mental health research; expand designs beyond the randomised clinical trial; and value transdisciplinarity across endeavours. Most mental health implementation research has been done in high-income countries but the Commission’s recommendations incorporate research from low-income and middle-income countries and call for strategies to expand mental health implementation research globally.

J. Marsh Employee of: Elsevier

The World Health Organization defines non-adherence to treatment as “a situation where an individual’s medication-taking behavior diverges from the agreed recommendations of healthcare professionals”. Individuals with psychiatric disorders frequently encounter challenges in adhering to their prescribed treatments, which is due amon other factors to a lack of insight. The non-adherence can lead to increased relapse rates, diminished treatment efficacy over time, and adverse effects on both the individual and the broader community.

This study’s objectives were towfold : (1) to investigate medication adherence among patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorders under antipsychotics, and (2) to identify various factors associated with non-adherence to antipsychotic treatments.

A cross-sectional study was conducted at Razi Hospital, Tunisia, between December 2023 and January 2024. Were included patients who attended the outpatient clinic during the study period, who were in remission for at least one month and who were receiving antipsychotic medication. The Brief Adherence Rating Scale, the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and the Glasgow Antipsychotic Side-effects Scale were administered to all patients.

The study included 35 male patients with a mean age of 39 years ± 11 years. Schizophrenia was diagnosed in 86% (N=30) of the participants. Of these, 49% were prescribed first-generation antipsychotics (N=17), while 51% (N=18) were prescribed second-generation antipsychotics. More than half of the patients (63%) demonstrated non-adherence to their treatment regimen. Among these, 65% exhibited moderate to severe lack of insight into their illness, and 66% had not received psychoeducation about their condition. A significant association was found between non-adherence and moderate to severe lack of insight (p=0.000, OR=4, 95% CI [1.4-10]), lack of psychoeducation for the patient (p=0.02, OR=2, 95% CI [1-4.3]), and lack of psychoeducation for the caregiver (p=0.05, OR=1.7, 95% CI [0.9-3.2]). Binary logistic regression analysis indicated that lack of insight (p=0.01, OR=3.6) remained a significant risk factor for non-adherence.

This study underscores significant association between lack of insight and non-adherence to antipsychotic medications. Enhancing insight through early psychoeducational interventions could potentially improve medication adherence and positively influence long-term clinical and functional outcomes for patients.

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Self-esteem is a significant indicator of health and well-being, as well as an explanatory variable for various aspects of human behavior. The relationship between self-perception, self-esteem, overall mental well-being, and eating disorders (ED) is considered particularly important, especially during adolescence.

to evaluate the relationsheep between eating disorders (ED) and self-esteem among adolescents and identify associated factors.

This was a cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical study conducted between June 2024 and September 2024 among adolescents resident in Sfax. Data were collected through an online Google Forms questionnaire exploring sociodemographic and relational data. We used the “Eating Attitudes Test 40 (EAT-40)” to detect the presence of ED, with a score of ≥ 30 indicating the presence of an eating disorder. Self-esteem was assessed using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale: A score below 25 indicates very low self-esteem. A score between 25 and 30 indicates low self-esteem. A score between 31 and 33 indicates average self-esteem. A score between 34 and 39 indicates high self-esteem. score above 39 indicates very high self-esteem.

We collected data from 120 adolescents, with an average age of 16 years and a predominance of females (71.7%). The majority of participants (79.3%) lived in urban areas, 69.2% had a medium socioeconomic status, and 80.8% were enrolled in secondary schools, 33.3% of adolescent have reported relational difficulties with peers,41,5% of Adolescents were living in particular family situations( death of one parent, parental separation, relational difficulties with parents). In our study, 30% of adolescents had personal psychiatric histories. The prevalence of eating disorders estimated at 47.5%. Among participants, 43.3% had very low self-esteem, 55.8% had low self-esteem, and 0.8% had average self-esteem. Our study objectified a signifiant correlation between eating disorders and low self-esteem (p=0.005).

The results of the study show a high prevalence of eating disorders among adolescents, associated with several factors, notably low self-esteem. This underscores the need to develop prevention strategies focused on improving self-esteem during adolescence. Developing effective interventions in this regard could be beneficial for addressing the behaviors and attitudes observed in eating disorders.

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Anticipatory competence allows an adolescent to act and make important decisions in life and activities with a certain temporal-spatial foresight. However, due to their disorder, adolescents with motor impairments are not always able to anticipate the development of future events, and they experience difficulties in establishing social contacts and understanding the emotional states of others.

To study the specifics of anticipatory competence in adolescents with motor disorders.

The study involved 46 adolescents (aged 12-15) attending educational institutions for children with disabilities, with a history of spastic diplegia, spastic tetraplegia, and ataxia. The research employed the following methods: the “Achenbach’s Questionnaire,” V.D. Mendelevich’s “Test of Anticipatory Competence,” V.P. Ulyanova’s “Anticipation of the Outcome of a Situation with Norm Violations,” and the authors’ method “Study of Anticipatory Competence of Adolescents” by A.I. Akhmetzyanova and T.V. Artemyeva.

The study revealed that, although the overall level of anticipatory competence in adolescents with motor disorders is quite high, these children experience difficulties in spatial orientation and in structuring a sequence of actions. They encounter challenges in planning future activities and they frequently experience delays. Adolescents with this pathology demonstrated low anticipatory competence in virtual reality, indicating difficulties in virtual communication with others.

The findings of this study on the specifics of anticipatory competence in adolescents with motor disorders will help develop and implement programs for the social adaptation of children, preparing them for future professional activities and independent living in the community.

This paper has been supported by the Kazan Federal University Strategic Academic Leadership Program (PRIORITY-2030).

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Despite global movements to combat Sexual harassment (SH), it continues to affect individuals in various professions, with medical residents and interns being particularly vulnerable.

To explore the prevalence of SH among medical trainees in Sfax, Tunisia.

To evaluate the consequences of SH on this group and factors related to SH.

We conducted a cross-sectional and descriptive study involving medical residents and interns working in hospitals in Sfax. Data were collected using an anonymous self-questionnaire. This questionnaire was published on social media during January and February 2024. It included sociodemographic characteristics, psychiatric and medical history, psychoactive substance use, professional data, information related to sexual life and experiences related SH.

We collected 141 responses, of which 19.9% declined to participate in this study.

Finally, a total of 113 participants, with an average age of 27.92 years, were recruited. The sex ratio (M/F) was equal to 0.54. In our population, 20.4% were interns. Among the participants, 68.1% were single, 91.2% were from urban backgrounds and 12.4% had psychiatric follow-up. Among the participants, 41.6% reported experiencing sexual harassment during their practice at the hospitals in Sfax. The most common form self-reported as harassment was verbal harassment (43.3%).

In our study, most victims of sexual harassment (SH) tried to ignore (36.2%) and avoid (34%) the harasser. Some participants noted that they were afraid of career repercussions.

Regarding the consequences of SH, sleep disorders and the feeling of burnout were the most frequently reported medical effects, with a prevalence of 10.6% in both cases. Additionally, the onset or increase in tobacco consumption (8%) was the most commonly reported addictive consequence.

On a sexual level, 16 participants (14.2%) reported experiencing negative impacts on their sexuality. Sexual desire disorders (8.8%) were the most frequently reported sexual consequences, followed by a decrease in sexual satisfaction (2.7%).

In our survey, SH was statistically more prevalent among female participants (p <0.001) and among participants with a low or middle socioeconomic status (p = 0.036).

These results highlight the urgent need for hospitals to implement preventive measures, support victims, and promote a safer working environment for medical trainees.

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Disasters, including natural catastrophes, accidents, and man-made events, impose significant challenges on communities and individuals. First responders, such as rescue teams, firefighters, and prehospital emergency medical services personnel, play a crucial role in mitigating these impacts. Beyond their physical capabilities, these individuals must possess high levels of psychological resilience to perform effectively under extreme and stressful conditions. Understanding the factors that influence this resilience is essential for improving their performance and well-being. This systematic review aims to identify and examine the factors that affect psychological resilience among first responders and rescue team members during disasters and emergencies. The goal is to provide a comprehensive understanding of how resilience can be supported and enhanced in these critical professionals.

To identify the key factors that influence psychological resilience in first responders and rescue team members during disaster response. To evaluate current research on resilience building interventions and their effectiveness in enhancing psychological resilience in these professionals. To highlight gaps in the existing literature and suggest directions for future research on supporting psychological resilience in first responders.

A thorough literature search was conducted across several databases, including Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane, PubMed, Medline, and Embase, focusing on articles published between 2019 and 2023. The search terms used were (emergency OR disaster) AND (psychological resilience) AND (rescue workers OR first responders OR firefighters OR ambulance personnel AND prehospital emergency medical services). Articles were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, and only full-text articles published in English or Turkish were considered. Qualitative synthesis was used to analyze the data and draw insights.

The review reveals several critical factors affecting psychological resilience, including stress management techniques, emotional regulation strategies, social support systems, and training programs. It also identifies areas where existing research is lacking, particularly regarding specific interventions designed to bolster resilience in high-stress environments.

Enhancing psychological resilience in first responders is crucial for both their individual well-being and the effectiveness of disaster response efforts. This review provides valuable insights into the factors that contribute to resilience and highlights the need for targeted interventions and support systems. By addressing these factors and promoting resilience, it is possible to improve both the performance of first responders and their capacity to cope with the demands of disaster situations.

Psychological resilience, first responders, rescue workers, mental health.

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There is clear evidence on the physical and psychological benefits of a bodily approach for the treatment of psychiatric disorders. They can have a significant impact on the patient’s perceived suffering (Carek et al. IJPM 2011; 41(1) 15–28). In January 2024, a Physiotherapy Project started at the Acute Psychiatric Service of the Rieti ASL in collaboration with the Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine service.

Evaluate the impact of the physiotherapy program on psychopathological dimensions and on the patients subjective well-being.

The naturalistic study was conducted on subjects consecutively hospitalized at the SPDC from January to June 2024 who voluntarily joined the physiotherapy activity. The intervention was administered with bi-weekly sessions of about 45 minutes and included: stretching, orientation exercises, active movement, coordination, muscle strengthening. The Exclusion Criteria were: sedation status, disorganization, behavioral problems. The General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) and the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) were adminstred at admission (T0) and discharge (T1). A Self-evaluation of the useful of the program was administred only to discarege (T1): participants answered by choosing between “not useful”, “partly useful”, “very useful” to 4 questions on the usefullness of the intervention.

Thirty-five participants (17 M, 18 F; mean age 38.2±15,4) were admitted to physical activity. They recieved the following diagnoses: 48.6% Psychotic Disorder, 20% Depressive Disorder, 2.9% Bipolar Disorder, 28.6% Personality Disorder. Eleven of 35 participants had comorbid substance use disorder (14.3% alcohol, 5.7% cocaine, 5.7% cannabis, 2.9% opioids, 2.9% other substances). The hospitalization time was 11.8±4.3 and the average number of physical sessions was 1.7±0.8. The BPRS (44.4±11vs25.9±4.5; F=1024.25; p<0.001) and GHQ-12 (24.6±4.9vs15.11±5.8; F=833,43; p<0.001) mean scores significant improved in two time of evaluation (T0 and T1).

Participants showed a reduction in psychopathological severity and an increase in perceived well-being between T0 and T1. They found useful to practice physioterapy during hospitalozation and to manage anxiety, muscle relaxation and mood improvement.

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Approximately 280 million people worldwide suffer from depression. A significant proportion of these patients (10–30%) fail to achieve full remission after receiving antidepressant treatment with at least two different antidepressant medications. These patients are treatment-resistant (Al-Harbi, 2012; Jaffe et al., 2019; Rush et al., 2006). Theta-burst stimulation (TBS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique where a brief magnetic field passes through the scalp to induce an electric current in the cerebral cortex in high frequencies and is used to treat treatment-resistant depression in adjunction to antidepressant treatment.

This study aimed to evaluate the short-term efficacy of TBS added to pharmacological treatment in patients with treatment-resistant depression.

Patients with depression who were treatment-resistant and were treated with pharmacological treatment together with a course of 15 – 30 TBS sessions in an outpatient clinic of the Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Hospital Kaunas Clinics between 2021 and 2024 were enrolled in the study. TBS protocol stimulated in trains of 50 Hz triplets with 5 Hz frequency, a total of 20 trains in a session. The session frequency varied from once to twice daily, five days a week. The severity of depressive symptoms was evaluated with the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ—9) before the first session of TBS and every two weeks afterward. The primary outcome measured was the mean change in the PHQ-9 score. We checked for the normality of the distribution of our variables and performed a paired sample t-test for statistical analysis of our sample.

40 patients were included in this study. There was a statistically significant reduction in mean PHQ-9 score following the 2-week TBS intervention (t = 6.134; 95% CI: 2.631-5.219; p < 0.001). Overall, 32 participants (80.0%) improved their PHQ-9 scores. In contrast, three participants (7.5%) showed no change in their scores, while five participants (12.5%) experienced a worsening of their symptoms. Mean pre- and post-treatment PHQ-9 scores and the mean change of the PHQ-9 score are presented in Table 1. Mean post-treatment PHQ-9 scores had no significant difference between patients whose PHQ-9 scores improved, showed no change, or worsened (p > 0.005).

TBS is a valuable short-term intervention for patients with treatment-resistant depression in an outpatient setting.

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The birth of a child is a joyous event that can be accompanied by major challenges for women’s mental health. It is marked by physical, hormonal, psychological, family and social upheavals. It can also be associated with an increased risk of incidence or decompensation of psychiatric disorders.

The aim of this study is to describe the trends and characteristics of post-partum mental disorders in the Orientale region of Morocco.

36 files of patients hospitalised or having consulted for a post-partum psychological disorder at the Mental Health and Psychiatric Diseases Hospital of the Mohammed-VI University Hospital Centre in Oujda were examined using a data collection form.

The main disorders identified were post-partum depression and puerperal psychosis, with rates of 62% and 38%, respectively. 32% of them have attempted suicide, 14% have suicidal thoughts, 32% have committed infanticide, and 21% have rejected their baby. With regard to pregnancy and childbirth, a third of the women had a caesarean section, with primiparous women predominating. 57% of the women described their childbirth experience as long and painful. Similarly, the use of addictive substances was mentioned in 44% of cases.

It is true to say that measures need to be put in place to improve conditions for women and to raise awareness among those around them of the need for early detection of these disorders. These proposals underline the importance of taking concrete steps to support the women concerned and promote their mental well-being.

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People experience psychological changes during adaptation process to stress; a person is angry to others or the environment but later he falls in depression. Although there are so many scales for measuring stress, they only measure the severity of stress or evaluate single emotions. None of them can track the psychological changes during the adaptation to stress.

The purpose of this study is to develop a comprehensive scale that can measure various psychological symptoms occurring in stressful situations. Specifically, the goal is to create a tool that can track an individual’s adaptation to stress over time through repeated measurements. Furthermore, the objective is to accurately understand the individual’s current state and stress adaptation patterns, enabling appropriate interventions at each stage.

We established constructs and subscales based on the Kubler-Ross stages which defines general psychological change to five phase: denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance. To assess the clarity and validity of the preliminary items developed, content validity was evaluated by 12 clinical psychologists and face validity was assessed with 32 adults.

A total of 107 initial items were developed based on literature analysis and discussions. After the content validation and face validation, items with a CVI below .83 were either revised or removed. This process resulted in a final set of 88 items: denial(18 items), anger(17 items), bargaining(19 items), depression(17 items), and acceptance(17 items). The item content validity index (I-CVI) ranged from 0.833 to 1 and the scale content validity index (S-CVI/Ave) for denial, anger, bargaining, depression and acceptance was 0.91, 0.97, 0.96, 0.98 and 0.99 respectively. In addition, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses indicated a good level of model fit, and the internal reliability of each subscale was also found to be satisfactory.

This results indicate that the PRS is highly valid, and that it can be utilized as an effective measure of the person’s current state. PRS can help the clinicians to understand how the patients percept the stressful situation and their stress adaptation pattern.

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The network theory of psychopathology has recently provided a novel view of mental disorders. A growing number of studies employing this methodology has been conducted in eating disorders (ED).

Clinical implications of network approach to ED will be discussed spanning diagnosis and classification, comorbidity, prognosis, and treatment.

Evidence from literature studies and reviews exploring ED psychopathology and treatment through the use of network analysis will be provided. Limitations related to the employment of the network approach will be discussed along with recommendations for future directions.

Overvaluation and concerns about body shape and weight and desire to lose weight are the most central symptoms across patients’ ages and ED diagnoses. Internalizing symptoms, ineffectiveness, and low interoceptive ability play a central role in the psychopathology of ED and promote psychiatric comorbidity. The main issues of network analysis are the selection of network items and the use of cross-sectional data. Prognosis and mechanisms of treatment-induced changes are under-investigated areas.

Network analysis supports a description of ED psychopathology as including eating specific and general psychological symptoms. Treatments designed to improve the most central symptoms and their connections will be essential to explore assumptions of network theory. Longitudinal data from multilevel assessment will allow exploring within person trajectories of psychopathology, observing the dynamic nature of psychopathology and identifying risk and vulnerability factors. This approach will contribute to describe a staging model of EDs, that is essential to improve prognosis formulation and individualize treatment approaches.

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Abstinence is crucial in the rehabilitation of alcohol-dependent (AD) patients, yet relapse rates remain high. Despite extensive research on relapse predictors, various sociodemographic and medical factors are still overlooked. The COVID-19 pandemic has presented numerous challenges in preserving mental health, but little is known about how recovery from symptomatic COVID-19 impacts relapse in AD patients.

To examine the associations and differences in sociodemographic, medical, and COVID-19 factors between AD patients who relapsed and those who maintained abstinence. We assessed changes in these differences over time at two assessment points.

This study, part of a larger project on COVID-19 recovery and psychiatric symptoms in AD patients, runs from March 2023 to March 2025 with assessments at inclusion and after six months. Eighty treatment-seeking AD patients, without severe comorbid mental illness or other substance use, are included. Data cover sociodemographic and medical info, COVID-19 recovery details (number of episodes, time since last episode, treatment, vaccination, symptoms), and AD history (age of drinking onset, binge onset, age at first treatment, alcohol-related issues, commonly consumed type of alcohol, liver disease presence, abstinence duration, and relapse status at the second assessment). The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), CAGE questionnaire for alcohol screening, and Alcohol Timeline Follow Back (TLFB) are used to assess relapse severity. A two-way repeated-measures ANOVA was used to examine sociodemographic, medical, and COVID-19 factor differences between patients who relapsed and those who did not.

Preliminary data indicate differences in occupational and marital status, psychiatric and physical comorbidities, inpatient AD treatment, regular drinking patterns, alcohol-related data, heavy liquor consumption, age of excessive drinking, and prior hospitalizations between patients who relapsed and those who did not. Some variable changes over time were also noted in both groups.

Differences in multiple sociodemographic and medical factors between relapsed and non-relapsed AD patients should be addressed in AD treatment. COVID-related factors show no strong association with relapse, likely due to mild disease forms in most participants.

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