The Caatinga is the largest seasonal tropical dry forest with extreme environmental and meteorological conditions. It harbours many phytophysiognomies and vegetational units, but bat fauna is poorly known in many regions. We analysed the structure of bat assemblages by mist-netting during 99 nights in seven habitats throughout six sites in the northeasternmost region of the Caatinga in Rio Grande do Norte State, in the Brazilian northeast. With a sampling effort of 239 665 m2h, we captured 1575 individuals of 31 species of bats. Bat assemblages’ structure and species distribution changed according to the habitat type, and differences in richness, abundance, species composition, and trophic guild representation were found. The frugivore A. planirostris was widespread, and its superabundance hold for all habitats. The distinct array of the most abundant species with several exclusive species in each habitat suggests species- and trophic guild-specific preferences to particular habitats. Differences in the structure of bat assemblages may be driven by each habitat’s vegetational structure and plant composition (e.g., semi-open habitats vs. tall forest stands) that offers distinct exploitable resources (e.g., food and roosts). Finally, we discuss the importance of foraging habitats for the conservation of these unique bat assemblages in the northeasternmost region of the Caatinga dry forest.

This note examines the significance of Gylippus at Aen. 12.271–83 and argues that Virgil's narrative is an epitaphic gesture alluding to Nicander of Colophon, Anth. Pal. 7.435 and other epigrams from Anth. Pal. 7. Virgil's bilingual reader would participate in the Hellenistic Ergänzungsspiel and supplement further meaning to this otherwise generic scene.

Extinction correction is the quintessence of astronomy. To achieve precision astrophysics in plasma diagnostics as in the theme of the present Proceedings, one must perform extinction correction properly before executing any line diagnostics of line-emitting objects including planetary nebulae. By making use of the inseparable relationship between extinction correction and plasma diagnostics, we establish a novel method to determine the physical conditions of a line-emitting target and the extinction characteristics along the line of sight toward the target simultaneously and self-consistently. This approach is made possible by the exact analytical expressions for the extinction parameters in terms of the emission properties of the target and by statistical optimization of the extinction parameters to find the robust physical conditions of the target.

This research note documents the revision of a dataset of real wages in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Venezuela during 1920-2011. This resource was originally published by this journal in Astorga (2017). The revision affected all eighteen basic wage series plus six weighted-average series, with varying degrees of modification. The revised dataset is made available as supplementary material. Regardless of changes to the data, the key findings and conclusions of the 2017 paper still hold.

In the second decade of the fifteenth century, the book-hunter Poggio Bracciolini and two friends recognized Vitruvius’ De architectura among the moldy manuscripts at the monastic library at St. Gall in Switzerland. Although their find was not the first copy of De architectura to be identified, the reception of Vitruvius among Italian humanists tends to be afforded special attention in academic, public, and popular culture alike. Commonly shuffling at the center of that attention is L'Uomo Vitruviano of Leonardo da Vinci, usually dated to the 1490s. In Italian, and in his famous mirror writing, Leonardo mentions Vitruvius by name in the first word of his notes above his rendering of the homo bene figuratus and engages with the content of De architectura 3.1.2f. above and below it.