Speaking on a popular TV show in 1990, soon after the collapse of the previous regime, long-time dissident and doyen of Bulgarian historical science, former Dean of the Faculty of History at the University of Sofia, Nikolay Genchev, insisted on putting the ‘Bulgarian national interest’ ‘above all’. Genchev said with regret that ‘the Bulgarian national problem has recently appeared mainly as a Turkish problem’. Irritated, he added that it is talked about ‘only for the Turks . . . [in spite of the fact that there were only] a million [Turkish] people living in this country’. He followed up with apocalyptic predictions that Yugoslavia wanted Pirin (or Bulgarian) Macedonia, Romania longed for Dobrodja (which is split between Bulgaria and Romania), the Turks claimed secession, and therefore only the ‘hard chest of the Balkan’ remained.

The complex regulatory framework governing the U.S. health care system can be an obstacle to programming that address health-related social needs. In particular, health care fraud and abuse law is a pernicious barrier as health care organizations may minimize or forego programming altogether out of real and perceived concern for compliance. And because health care organizations have varying resources to navigate and resolve compliance concerns, as well as different levels of risk tolerance, fears related to the legal landscape may further entrench inequities in access to meaningful programs that improve health outcomes. This article uses food and nutrition programming as a case study to explore the complexities presented by this area of law and to highlight pathways forward.

OH masers are signpost of planetary nebulae (PNe) at a very young stage. In particular, Vy 2-2 was the first OH maser-emitting PN ever identified. It consists of a bright compact shell and a faint bipolar structure. The reported values for its O+2/H+ abundance discrepancy factor (ADF) are inconsistent:; 4.3, and; 11.8. To characterize the ionized gas and to redetermine the ADF(O+2), we have obtained medium-resolution optical spectra. We found that the ionized gas is oxygen-rich (C/O; 0.15), and an ADF(O+2); 13.6. Also, the N/O abundance ratio is; 0.39, implying a low-mass progenitor (Mi ≤ 1.5 Me). Unexpectedly, the detection of stellar weak emission lines (wels) suggests that the central star is carbon-rich. Alternatively, the wels may be emitted by an irradiated companion in a post-common envelope system. We have also obtained high-resolution optical spectroscopy on Vy 2-2. Our spectra kinematically resolve the bright shell and bipolar structure. We found that these expand at: 10 and: 20 km s-1, respectively.

Stellar activity depends on multiple parameters one of which is the age of the star. The members of open clusters are good targets to observe the activity at a given age of the stars since their ages are more precisely determined than that of field stars. Choosing multiple clusters, each with different age, gives us insight to the change in activity during the lifetime of stars. With the analysis of these stars we can also refine the parameters of gyrochronology (Barnes 2003), which is a method for estimating the age of low-mass, main sequence stars from their rotation periods.

This article proposes a new acrostic (SAPI) and telestic (SOIS) at Laus Pisonis 227–30. Their position opposite one another is an indication that they are to be read as a single sentence and an admonition to both dedicatee and reader that poet and patron need each other to gain eternal fame. The telestic allows us to reconstruct the poet's usus scribendi of the reflexive possessive pronoun suus.

Fossil capitate hydrozoans require exceptional conditions for preservation. Here we describe Bertratis ciurcae new genus, new species from the Silurian (Pridoli) of southern Ontario and upper New York State, where it occurs in association with a diverse assemblage of eurypterids. Only the float (pneumatophore) is well preserved, surviving as a thick carbonaceous compression. The new taxon is the largest fossil capitate reported, reaching a width of 17 cm, and the third Porpita-like example known from the Paleozoic. It was a rare pelagic component of the biota of the well-known Bertie Group Lagerstätten.

UUID: http://zoobank.org/1eb789e3-67b4-4e46-9baf-6320d4b67d6c

Bell ringing in Britain has featured in sociohistorical studies, but it has never been analyzed in detail as a variety of mass spectacle. The practice takes especially interesting forms in London, a city where the ringing of church bells has been part of everyday life for centuries. Grounded in physics, economics, and human geography, ringing is a unique kind of immersive site-specific performance, whose significance is best understood through pivoting to topography and history.

On August 25 2013 Dana Patchick from the “Deep Sky Hunters” (DSH) amateur astronomer group discovered a diffuse nebulosity in the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) mid-IR image archive that had no optical counterpart but appeared similar to many Planetary Nebulae (PNe) in WISE. As his 30th discovery he named it Pa 30 and it was added to the HASH PN database as a new PN candidate. Little did he know how important his discovery would become. 10 years later this object is the only known bound remnant of a violent double WD merger accompanied by a rare Type Iax SN, observed and recorded by the ancient Chinese and Japanese in 1181 AD. This makes Pa 30 and its central star IRAS 00500+6713 (WD J005311) the only SN Iax remnant in our Galaxy, the only known bound remnant of any SN, and based on the central star’s spectrum the only Wolf-Rayet star known that neither has a massive progenitor nor is the central star of a Planetary Nebula. We cover this story and our key role in it.

We present spectroscopy of NGC 3242, NGC 6153, and NGC 7009 at very high spectral resolution (λ / δλ = 75, 000 – 100, 000) obtained with the Manchester Echelle Spectrograph at the 2.1m telescope of the Observatorio Astronómico Nacional on the Sierra San Pedro Mártir. We study the kinematics of the plasma within the nebular shells, decomposing the observed line profiles considering the microscopic, macroscopic, and observational processes that broaden them. The residual kinematic structure, defined as the sum of velocity gradients, kinematic structure, and seeing dominates the broadening of the lines of heavy elements. We estimate the effect of velocity gradients, finding that it can account only for a minority of this residual kinematic structure. Whatever the origin of this residual kinematic structure, it is an important component of the kinematics of the ionized plasma within the nebular shell and implies an important energy source that is not contemplated in photoionization models of planetary nebulae.

There is a balance between the amount of (weak) indestructibility one can have and the amount of strong cardinals. It’s consistent relative to large cardinals to have lots of strong cardinals and all of their degrees of strength are weakly indestructible. But this necessitates the destructibility of the partially strong cardinals. Guaranteeing the indestructibility of the partially strong cardinals is shown to be harder. In particular, this work establishes an equiconsistency between:

1. 1. a proper class of cardinals that are strong reflecting strongs; and

2. 2. weak indestructibility for (κ+2)-strength for all cardinals κ in the presence of a proper class of strong cardinals.

1. 3. weak indestructibility for all degrees of strength for a proper class of strong cardinals.

One direction of the equiconsistency of (1) and (2) is proven using forcing and the other using core model techniques from inner model theory. Additionally, connections between weak indestructibility and the reflection properties associated with Woodin cardinals are discussed, and similar results are derived for supercompacts and supercompacts reflecting supercompacts.

Abstract prepared by James Holland.

E-mail: jch258@scarletmail.rutgers.edu

URL: https://sites.math.rutgers.edu/~jch258/assets/dis.pdf