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This article maps and analyzes the presence and non-presence of four classes of fineware ceramics in Late Roman Spain. It begins by mapping each of the classes spatially, before comparing their relative frequency in 15 specially constructed regions. It shows the inverse relationship between the presence of African Red Slip Ware and its local Spanish imitators; it then posits possible routes for Gallic imports and demonstrates that eastern Mediterranean imports were primarily restricted to the coast. It then analyzes the chronological pattern of ARSW imports across five horizons, showing a decrease in the number of sites that received these African imports in the mid-5th c. (60%) and the mid-6th c. (40%), especially inland and in the Guadalquivir Valley. The late 5th and early 6th c. was a period of stability and even expansion. By the late 6th c., however, few residents of post-Roman Spain had access to Roman-style dinnerware.
The films Valley of Peace (1956), Jagoš i Uglješa (1976), Tit for Tat (1978), and A Great Guy at Heart (1981) represent exceptions among the Yugoslav film canon because they include Black actors among their casts. Given that the majority of Yugoslavs were racialized as “white,” the Black actors in these films emerge as a type of filmic device, providing social commentary on the post-World War II geopolitical priorities of Yugoslavia, including antiracism, international nonalignment, and Third World solidarity. Film was easy to distribute and consume and it became integral to the creation and maintenance of post-WWII Yugoslav culture. Through its content, storylines, and plot, an image of the idealized national Yugoslav body emerged that included Black men. In this article, I analyze the aforementioned films against the backdrop of the goals and traditional frames of Yugoslav cinema to highlight and offer insight into the uses and symbolism of blackness on screen.
We give a unified overview of the study of the effects of additional set theoretic axioms on quotient structures. Our focus is on rigidity, measured in terms of existence (or rather non-existence) of suitably non-trivial automorphisms of the quotients in question. A textbook example for the study of this topic is the Boolean algebra $\mathcal {P}({\mathbb N})/\operatorname {\mathrm {Fin}}$, whose behavior is the template around which this survey revolves: Forcing axioms imply that all of its automorphisms are trivial, in the sense that they are induced by almost permutations of ${\mathbb N}$, while under the Continuum Hypothesis this rigidity fails and $\mathcal {P}({\mathbb N})/\operatorname {\mathrm {Fin}}$ admits uncountably many non-trivial automorphisms. We consider far-reaching generalisations of this phenomenon and present a wide variety of situations where analogous patterns persist, focusing mainly (but not exclusively) on the categories of Boolean algebras, Čech–Stone remainders, and $\mathrm {C}^{*}$-algebras. We survey the state of the art and the future prospects of this field, discussing the major open problems and outlining the main ideas of the proofs whenever possible.
While biomarkers are widely used in other medical fields, psychiatry has yet to introduce reliable biological diagnostic tools. Female reproductive transitions provide a unique window of opportunity for investigating psychiatric biomarkers. Hormonal changes across menstruation, pregnancy, parturition and perimenopause can have dramatic effects on mental health in vulnerable individuals, enabling the identification of unique biomarkers associated with these fluctuations.
Aims
This review integrates current evidence concerning potential biomarkers, with focus on recent human studies in perinatal depression, anxiety and obsessive–compulsive disorder, postpartum psychosis, premenstrual dysphoric disorder and perimenopausal depression.
Method
We identified potential articles to be included in this narrative review by using PubMed to obtain articles in English since 2010 on the six conditions listed above, with the additional keywords of ‘biomarker’, ‘epigenetics’, ‘neuroactive steroid’, ‘immune’, ‘inflammatory’ and ‘neuroimaging’.
Results
There is substantial published evidence regarding potential biomarkers of reproductive psychiatric disorders in the areas of epigenetics, neuroactive steroids, immune function and neuroimaging. This body of research holds significant potential to advance biomarker development, uncover disease mechanisms and improve diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, but there is as yet no clinically useful biomarker in commercial development for any reproductive psychiatric disorder.
Conclusion
There is an urgent need for longitudinal, large-scale and multi-modal studies to examine potential biomarkers and better understand their functions across various stages of reproduction.
Blast injuries can occur by a multitude of mechanisms, including improvised explosive devices (IEDs), military munitions, and accidental detonation of chemical or petroleum stores. These injuries disproportionately affect people in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where there are often fewer resources to manage complex injuries and mass-casualty events.
Study Objective:
The aim of this systematic review is to describe the literature on the acute facility-based management of blast injuries in LMICs to aid hospitals and organizations preparing to respond to conflict- and non-conflict-related blast events.
Methods:
A search of Ovid MEDLINE, Scopus, Global Index Medicus, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Cochrane databases was used to identify relevant citations from January 1998 through July 2024. This systematic review was conducted in adherence with PRISMA guidelines. Data were extracted and analyzed descriptively. A meta-analysis calculated the pooled proportions of mortality, hospital admission, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, intubation and mechanical ventilation, and emergency surgery.
Results:
Reviewers screened 3,731 titles and abstracts and 173 full texts. Seventy-five articles from 22 countries were included for analysis. Only 14.7% of included articles came from low-income countries (LICs). Sixty percent of studies were conducted in tertiary care hospitals. The mean proportion of patients who were admitted was 52.1% (95% CI, 0.376 to 0.664). Among all in-patients, 20.0% (95% CI, 0.124 to 0.288) were admitted to an ICU. Overall, 38.0% (95% CI, 0.256 to 0.513) of in-patients underwent emergency surgery and 13.8% (95% CI, 0.023 to 0.315) were intubated. Pooled in-patient mortality was 9.5% (95% CI, 0.046 to 0.156) and total hospital mortality (including emergency department [ED] mortality) was 7.4% (95% CI, 0.034 to 0.124). There were no significant differences in mortality when stratified by country income level or hospital setting.
Conclusion:
Findings from this systematic review can be used to guide preparedness and resource allocation for acute care facilities. Pooled proportions for mortality and other outcomes described in the meta-analysis offer a metric by which future researchers can assess the impact of blast events. Under-representation of LICs and non-tertiary care medical facilities and significant heterogeneity in data reporting among published studies limited the analysis.
We show that the fundamental group of every enumeratively rationally connected closed symplectic manifold is finite. In other words, if a closed symplectic manifold has a non-zero Gromov–Witten invariant with two point insertions, then it has finite fundamental group. We also show that if the spherical homology class associated with such a non-zero Gromov–Witten invariant is holomorphically indecomposable, then the rational second homology of the symplectic manifold has rank one.
Last year Unmind, the workplace wellbeing platform, undertook a study to assess organisational culture and performance in the legal sector in the UK and the US. It was based on responses from over 4400 participants across nine mid-size law firms. Building on the results of the survey, it quantified the financial impact of poor mental health, identified growth areas, and analysed differences in workplace wellbeing and attrition risk by gender, age and professional role. It went on to use these insights to provide high-level recommendations to support performance, mental health and innovation within the sector. Here LIM summarises some of its findings.