Conjectures in the Cynegetica and the Cyropaideia of Xenophon.

Pericardial cysts are rare, benign congenital cardiovascular malformations that account for approximately 7% of mediastinal masses. Epicardial cysts attached to the cardiac surface with intimate coronary artery involvement are even rarer and pose significant diagnostic and surgical challenges. This case highlights a giant pericardial cyst with intimate right coronary artery involvement in a 10-month-old infant, where subtotal resection was necessary to preserve coronary integrity. A 10-month-old male infant with a pericardial cyst initially detected at 27 weeks of gestation presented with progressive compression of right heart chambers. Imaging revealed a large multiloculated cystic mass (5.3 × 3.5 × 3.9 cm) compressing the right atrium and right ventricle, with associated pulmonary valve stenosis. Intraoperatively, the cyst was found on the epicardial surface with intimate involvement of the right coronary artery. Complete excision was not feasible due to the risk of coronary injury. The main cystic mass was excised with cavity obliteration, while the portion adjacent to the right coronary artery was intentionally preserved. Concurrent pulmonary valve commissurotomy and pulmonary artery augmentation were performed. Histopathology confirmed a mesothelial-lined pericardial cyst. The patient recovered uneventfully and was discharged. This case underscores the importance of comprehensive preoperative coronary artery assessment in pericardial cysts with atypical locations. When complete excision risks vital structure injury, subtotal resection with cavity obliteration represents a safe alternative strategy.

Hepatopulmonary fusion is a rare defect describing the physical connection of liver and lung. A neonate with hypoplastic left heart syndrome arrived at the hospital with concern for congenital diaphragmatic hernia, later found to have hepatopulmonary fusion. In the coming months, he underwent a series of operations, including ligation of the hepatopulmonary fusion and the first two stages of surgical palliation of hypoplastic left heart syndrome. He ultimately died of septic shock at 15 months of age.

Little attention has been paid to how canon law interpreted religious poverty, an influential ideal in twelfth and thirteenth-century Christian Europe. Given that many involved in the apostolic poverty movement were educated in canon law, this omission needs to be addressed. Gratian held a reformist view, advocating for a secular clergy largely without private property, but subsequent canonists abandoned this ideal as impractical, confining poverty to monks and canons regular. This weakening of the ideal continued as Decretalists gradually allowed popes to relax vows of poverty. This canonistic trend is vital context for later doctrinal conflicts around apostolic poverty.

This article studies the principal component analysis (PCA) estimation of weak factor models with sparse loadings. We uncover an intrinsic near-sparsity preservation property for the PCA estimators of loadings, which comes from the approximately (block) upper triangular structure of the rotation matrix. It suggests an asymmetric relationship among factors: the sparsity of the rotated loadings for a stronger factor can be contaminated by the loadings from weaker ones, but the sparsity of the rotated loadings of a weaker factor is almost unaffected by the loadings of stronger ones. Then, we propose a simple alternative to the existing penalized approaches to sparsify the loading estimators by screening out the small PCA loading estimators directly, and construct consistent estimators for factor strengths. The proposed estimators perform well in finite samples, as shown by a set of Monte Carlo simulations.

Stanley N. Katz served as the Class of 1921 Bicentennial Professor of the History of American Law and Liberty at Princeton University from 1978 to 1986. He left to become President of the American Council of Learned Societies, the national humanities organization in the United States. When he stepped down from that position in 1997, he returned to teaching and high-level institutional service at Princeton, including as the Acting Director of the Program in Law and Public Affairs from 2004 to 05 and 2016 to 17. Katz’s contributions to legal history include, in addition to a vast array of articles and the books cited in the footnotes below, his work as Editor in Chief of the Oxford International Encyclopedia of Legal History and of the Oliver Wendell Holmes Devise History of the United States Supreme Court. He has served as President of the Organization of American Historians and American Society for Legal History, as Vice President of the Research Division of the American Historical Association, and as a member of the Board of Trustees of the Newberry Library, the Center for Jewish History, and many other institutions. He is a Fellow of the American Society for Legal History, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and the Society of American Historians. President Barack Obama awarded him the National Humanities Medal in 2011.

The U.S. National Library of Medicine holds two collections by Adolf Nichtenhauser (1903–53) that have become important sources for historians of medical and health films: an unpublished book-manuscript in which he surveys the history of medical and health films to around 1950, primarily in Europe and North America; and the valuable collection of documents he amassed partly during his research for this book-manuscript. Such is the richness of these collections that it is difficult to imagine a history of medical and health film that is not in some way indebted to Nichtenhauser. Indeed, his book-manuscript has become a standard citation in the historiography of medicine, health and film. Yet very little is known about Nichtenhauser himself, other than that he was a European immigrant to the United States who wrote this key history and died before its completion. This article seeks to do three things: to provide the first English-language biography of Nichtenhauser from his early life in Austria to his career in the United States; to use this biography to explain how he came to write this book-manuscript; and to explore the relationship between his historiography and efforts in the 1940s and 1950s to identify and solve problems with application of film to medicine and health.

We consider the family of infinite positive Borel measures $\mu $ in the unit disc, with finite degree of contact at the unit circle, and the set $E_{\mu }$ of points in the unit circle for which every neighborhood contains infinite mass of $\mu $. Assuming that $E_{\mu }$ is a Carleson set, we show that all Blaschke sequences are zero sets for the corresponding Dirichlet space $D_{\mu }$.