The Lenin Memorial mass meeting, organized by the newly formed National Council of American–Soviet Friendship (NCASF) and featuring scenes from the Soviet play adapted and directed for the Theatre Guild, followed quickly on the heels of a similar mass meeting and rally, “Salute to Our Russian Ally,” staged at Madison Square Garden on 1 November 1942 and attended by twenty thousand supporters. Both events presented speeches by American political, military, and arts leaders and Soviet dignitaries, along with theatrical scenes and musical performances. The rallies concluded when the crowd had been effectively emotionally aroused and asked to stand for the playing of the national anthems of the United States and the USSR. The crowd was asked to approve statements on US–Soviet cooperation and peace to send to President Roosevelt and General Stalin, and it apparently roared back to the stage its approval.

This article draws upon archival documents from Mexico's Nationalist Campaign to argue that the rise of radio, advertising, and consumer culture significantly shaped Mexican musical nationalism in the early 1930s. The Nationalist Campaign, led by Rafael Melgar, sought to promote the consumption of national products as a patriotic act to secure the nation's future amid the growing economic dominance of the United States during the interwar period. The campaign utilized radio broadcasts of speeches, slogans, and national music concerts to publicize a unified brand of national identity, aligning with the needs of modernizing the state economy and centralizing political authority through the newly formed PNR (Partido Nacional Revolucionario). This research seeks to explore the role of media, popular music, and consumer culture as an alternative track to Mexican musical nationalism, which has primarily been studied through art music.

Mandatory thresholds for the accuracy of reported energy on food and beverage product labels do not exist in many countries. Accurate nutrition information is essential for ensuring nutritional adequacy among hospital patients. The aim of this study was to compare direct measures of energy of nutritional fluids provided in hospitals to values determined via manufacturers’ specifications. Nutritional fluids were identified as any liquid provided to hospital patients orally, enterally or parenterally, to deliver nutrition. These were categorised into six groups aligned to food/medical standards, including (1) local recipes, (2) pre-packaged general fluids, (3) supplementary fluids, (4) prescribed nutrition fluids – thickened, (5) prescribed nutrition fluids – oral/enteral and (6) prescribed medical nutrition – intravenous (IV) and parenteral. An equivalence testing statistical approach (±10 % thresholds) was used to compare energy values derived directly via bomb calorimetry against those obtained from manufacturer specifications. A total of sixty-nine fluids were measured. One-fifth (n 14) exhibited non-equivalent energy values, with the majority of these (n 11; 79 %) likely to contain less energy than that calculated from reported values. Almost all (34/35; 97 %) prescribed nutrition fluids (oral/enteral (20/20; 100 %), IV and parenteral (7/7; 100 %) and thickened fluid (7/8; 88 %) products were equivalent. In contrast, only 21/34 (62 %) non-prescribed fluids (local recipes (2/11; 18 %), supplementary fluids (4/5; 80 %) and pre-packaged general fluid (15/18; 83 %) products) demonstrated equivalence. Energy content of nutritional fluids prescribed to hospital patients typically aligns with manufacturers’ values. Consumption of non-prescribed fluids may result in lower energy intakes than expected.

Malaria still poses significant risks, especially in India. In addition to averting behaviors, forests may help reduce mosquitoes in rural areas and, thus, the malaria incidence and mortality. However, the evidence is still scarce about the magnitude and value of this ecosystem service. To address this gap, we use a panel dataset for 2013–2015 and evaluate the impact of forest loss on malaria morbidity in India's rural areas. We find that, on average, the loss of 1 km2 of forest resulted in 0.16 additional deaths per 100,000 people. This translates into marginal values of forests for reducing malaria mortality of, at least, $1.26–85.9/ha/year in 2015 US$. Our results suggest that combining forest conservation and traditional anti-malaria policies like indoor spraying and insecticide-treated nets may be an effectual way to mitigate the malarial burden in India and elsewhere and offer insights about the value of potential payments for ecosystem services.

The aim of this paper is to analyse the role of climate change on state fragility in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). To do this, we estimate a country-time fixed effects panel data model using the two-way fixed effects estimator over the period 1995 to 2020 for 45 SSA countries. Our results show that climate change increases fragility in SSA; specifically, rising temperatures and decreasing rainfall increase the social, economic, political and security fragility of SSA countries. The study also reveals that gross domestic product, population growth, migrant remittances, foreign direct investment, natural resources, inflation and agricultural price volatility are mechanisms through which climate change exacerbates state fragility. Based on these results, we recommend climate change adaptation measures such as increasing water storage to cope with periods of extreme drought, growing climate-smart crops, and the introduction of environmental public policies.

In this note, we give a new necessary condition for the boundedness of the composition operator on the Dirichlet-type space on the disc, via a two dimensional change of variables formula. With the same formula, we characterize the bounded composition operators on the anisotropic Dirichlet-type spaces $\mathfrak {D}_{\vec {a}}(\mathbb {D}^2)$ induced by holomorphic self maps of the bidisc $\mathbb {D}^2$ of the form $\Phi (z_1,z_2)=(\phi _1(z_1),\phi _2(z_2))$. We also consider the problem of boundedness of composition operators $C_{\Phi }:\mathfrak {D}(\mathbb {D}^2)\to A^2(\mathbb {D}^2)$ for general self maps of the bidisc, applying some recent results about Carleson measures on the Dirichlet space of the bidisc.

We examine bicoset digraphs and their natural properties from the point of view of symmetry. We then consider connected bicoset digraphs that are X-joins with collections of empty graphs, and show that their automorphism groups can be obtained from their natural irreducible quotients. We further show that such digraphs can be recognised from their connection sets.

This research examines whether high temperatures and exposure to childhood rainfall and heat shocks are a cognitive drag on children in Uganda. First, it asks whether students perform worse on a test on hotter days. Second, it examines whether previous longer-term exposure to high temperatures and unusual rainfall influences current test scores and educational outcomes. The analysis shows that high temperatures on test dates harm test performance, especially for girls and children younger than ten, implying additional temperature control considerations for particular demographics. The analysis of childhood climate shocks, which employs within-parish distributions of rainfall and heat, shows that children who experience rain or heat above the $80^{th}$ percentile of the parish distribution from birth until age 4 have worse learning outcomes in math, English, or local language literacy.

This study evaluated the effects of chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), a farnesoid X receptor (FXR) potential activator, on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, glucose metabolism and inflammation in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) (initial body weight: 5·45 ± 0·02 g) fed a high-carbohydrate diet. Experimental diets included a positive control (5 % α-starch), a negative control (10 % α-starch) and two diets containing 10 % α-starch supplemented with either 0·05 % or 0·10 % CDCA. After 8 weeks, the high-carbohydrate diet reduced growth performance and increased hepatosomatic and viscerosomatic indexes, which were mitigated by 0·10 % CDCA supplementation. The high-carbohydrate diet also increased hepatic glycogen and crude lipid content, both of which were reduced by 0·10 % CDCA. Furthermore, the high-carbohydrate diet-induced oxidative stress, histopathological changes and reduced liver lysozyme activity, which were ameliorated by CDCA supplementation. Molecular analysis showed that the high-carbohydrate diet suppressed FXR and phosphorylated AKT1 (p-AKT1) protein expression in the liver, downregulated insulin signalling (ira, irs, pi3kr1 and akt1), gluconeogenesis (pepck and g6pc) and glycolysis genes (gk, pk and pfkl). CDCA supplementation upregulated fxr expression, activated shp, enhanced the expression of insulin signalling and glycolytic genes (gk, pk and pfkl) and inhibited gluconeogenesis. Additionally, CDCA reduced inflammatory markers (nf-κb and il-1β) and restored anti-inflammatory mediators (il-10, iκb and tgf-β). In conclusion, 0·10 % CDCA improved carbohydrate metabolism and alleviated liver inflammation in largemouth bass fed a high dietary carbohydrate, partially through FXR activation.

Considered a staple of the French press since at least the nineteenth century, the fait divers—a catch-all category for short, often sensational news items such as murders, petty crimes, and suicides—has been taken up and transformed in West African cultural production. This essay focuses on the transformations and transpositions of the fait divers tradition in the work of Senegalese writer Aminata Maïga Ka (1940–2005), arguing that her short stories and novels inflect earlier treatments of the journalistic genre while staging a broader critique of the liberalization of the media in Senegal during the 1970s and 1980s. Ka’s works offer a window onto the entangled histories of postcolonial literary production and the emergent popular press in Senegal. Specifically, she updates and expands Ousmane Sembène’s rescripting of the French fait divers in his short story “La Noire de …” (1961/1962) and the landmark film from 1966 by the same title.