The synonymies of the echinochasmid genera Mesorchis Dietz, 1909 and Monilifer Dietz, 1909 with Stephanoprora Odhner, 1902 remain contentious and unresolved with morphology. To explore the matter, we herein provide a supplemental description of the type species of Stephanoprora, Stephanoprora ornata Odhner, 1902, based on specimens we collected from the intestine of a Nile crocodile Crocodylus niloticus Laurenti, 1768 (Crocodylia: Crocodylidae) captured in the Kavango River, Namibia. No nucleotide information was available previously for S. ornata. Morphology plus 28S and ITS2 phylogenetic analyses suggested Stephanoprora is a monotypic genus that can be differentiated from other genera by having 26 collar spines. Stephanoprora differs from Mesorchis by the number and distribution of collar spines (26 [2 dorsal spines, 12 lateral spines, 12 corner spines] vs. 22 [2 dorsal spines, 12 lateral spines, 8 corner spines] in Mesorchis), length of the pre-pharyngeal oesophagus, pharynx position posterior to collar (vs. pre-pharyngeal oesophagus short, pharynx anterior to or at level of corner spines), and testes shape (elongate-ovoid, irregular in outline vs. ovoid, atypically elongated). Our 28S and ITS2 phylogenies recovered the new sequence of S. ornata (having 26 collar spines) sister to all remaining echinochasmid sequences, representing species that have 20–24 collar spines. Echinochasmus Dietz, 1909 and Mesorchis were recovered as paraphyletic. We retain Monilifer as a junior subjective synonym of Echinochasmus based a suite of morphological features related to body shape and genitalia and because the designated type for Monilifer was reassigned to Echinochasmus. We accept 25 species of Mesorchis.

We report the first record of fecampiidan platyhelminths parasitic in tanaidacean crustaceans. Two fecampiidans (0.75 mm and 1.10 mm in length) were found in a female of Pseudotanais sp. (Pseudotanaidae; 1.75 mm in length) collected at 794 m depth off the southern coast of Japan, northwestern Pacific. Fresh individuals were yellow or light yellow, but completely faded in ethanol. In a maximum likelihood tree based on 28S rRNA sequences, the parasite was placed in a moderately-supported Fecampiidae clade, suggesting it is a member of Fecampiidae. The 28S sequence from the parasite was 25.0%, 32.6%, and 35.5% divergent in Kimura 2-parameter (K2P) distance from Fecampia cf. abyssicola, Kronborgia cf. amphipodicola, and Kronborgia isopodicola sequences, respectively.

Human toxocariasis is a neglected parasitic disease with a global distribution, treated with current anthelmintics that have low to moderate efficacy, and requires the discovery of novel drugs. Camphor derivatives have antimicrobial properties against various pathogens such as fungi and bacteria. This study aimed to identify a camphor derivative with activity against Toxocara canis larvae and evaluate its cytotoxicity, in silico bioavailability, and in vivo activity in Swiss mice infected with this parasite. Three compounds were tested in vitro in duplicate at a concentration of 1.0 to 0.05 mg/mL in a microplate containing 100 T. canis larvae in RPMI-1640 medium incubated for 48 h at 37°C and 5% CO2. The compound (E)-2-((1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo [2.2.1] heptan-2-ylidene)amino)phenol (C2) presented a minimum larvicidal concentration (MLC) of 0.25 mg/mL and was selected for the subsequent steps. This compound showed 100% cell viability in MLC and adequate bioavailability in computational models. Two subsequent in vivo tests were performed on Swiss mice inoculated with 500 T. canis infective eggs through intragastric (IG) intubation, one at 10 days post-inoculation (n=5) and the other at 30 days post-inoculation (n=10). The selected compound (10 mg/kg, via IG) and two controls (albendazole, 40 mg/kg, IG and phosphate buffered saline 0,15M, pH 7,2, via IG) were used for this evaluation. The compound reduced the intensity of infection by 75.7% and 54.8% at 10 and 30 days post inoculation, respectively (p<0.05). The results of this study demonstrate that this compound has potential as an anthelmintic candidate for visceral toxocariasis treatment.

The post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnosis encompasses heterogeneous presentations, many of the diagnostic criteria are not trauma-related and almost all PTSD symptoms are common to several psychiatric diagnoses. Flashbacks are the only symptom unique to PSTD. However, the absence of a consensus definition of flashbacks means that this term means different things to different people, causing misunderstanding and miscommunication, and presumably affecting treatment. This Refreshment discusses how flashbacks are defined in DSM-5-TR and ICD-11 (essentially, as reliving/re-experiencing when awake) and briefly describes the dual representation theory's account of flashbacks. In discussing what flashbacks are and are not, it aims to promote improved understanding, assessment and diagnosis of PTSDs.

Differences in brachyuran morphology among and between juveniles and adults as well as sexual dimorphism are not well studied among extinct brachyuran crabs. Carapace dimorphism and morphological changes during growth have received little attention in fossil crabs. Tetracarcinus subquadratus Weller, 1905, Dakoticancer australis Rathbun, 1935, and Seorsus wadei Bishop, 1988 are herein synonymized on the basis of examination of dozens to hundreds of specimens of each from the same locality. Synoriacarcinus new genus is named to embrace two species previously referred to Seorsus Bishop, 1988, Synoriacarcinus millerae (Bishop, 1992), new combination, and Synoriacarcinus kauffmani (Feldmann et al., 2013), new combination. Both Dakoticancridae and Ibericancridae were well established on coastal North America during the Late Cretaceous but became extinct in the end-Cretaceous event.

UUID: http://zoobank.org/2eab7247-6235-435d-8eb1-b40d5a633e2b

We present findings from historical microdata that suggest former rural elites effectively preserved their socio-economic advantages into the early People's Republic of China (PRC, circa 1949–1965) by exploiting urban–rural differences in government policies. In particular, former rural elites were three to four times more likely than poor peasants to move to a nearby town, and this urbanization was highly associated with socio-economic privileges in a rapidly developing economy, including both income and educational opportunities. We also find evidence that after 1949, former rural elites who did urbanize were more likely than their poor peasant counterparts to find industrial jobs.

In this paper, a large, compact array antenna that can be expanded in the 2-D plane is proposed for near-field radio frequency identification applications. By the introduction of the fractal structure and corner joint method, the array is easy to expand in the 2-D plane. An antenna element can be divided into a dozen or so loops, and traveling wave distribution makes sure that every loop is excited in a time period. So that a strong and uniform magnetic field could be generated in a large area. As a proof of concept, array antennas with $1 \times 8$, $2 \times 4$, and $3 \times 3$ elements are designed, fabricated, and measured. The measured bandwidth of the antennas covers the entire Chinese standard. Reading distances of the proposed large array antennas achieved up to 57 mm. Results show that the proposed antenna could realize flexibility and extendibility in a large area with stable and uniform magnetic field distribution.

This special Themed Collection of The Economic and Labour Relations Review examines the ‘Economics of Occupational Health and Safety’ (OHS). The economics of OHS looks at how economic structures and incentives, including labour markets and production processes, influence the health and wellbeing of workers and the communities where they live. It is a large and diverse subject that has been viewed from multiple different lenses. This thematic issue can only touch on some of these but will remind readers how economic incentives and industrial competitive pressures affect OHS. This editorial will take the form of an article which explores some of these intersections and places them in a wider context. To do this, the economics of OHS will not only be examined in terms of economic welfare and microeconomics at the industry and workplace level, but also from an historical perspective, as well as the intersection of these levels, thus providing a useful framework to shape research and discussion.

Based on the case report of Nathan Goldstein et al., “But I have a pacer…there is no point in engaging in hypothetical scenarios”: A Non-imminently Dying Patient’s Request for Pacemaker Deactivation, it is reasonable to conclude that it was, all-things-considered, ethically appropriate to grant the patient’s request to deactivate her pacemaker. Philosophically, and as a clinical ethicist, I support the team’s decision to honor the patient’s request for pacemaker deactivation. However, it is worth exploring a bit further whether the distress on the part of the outside hospital’s ethics committee and providers—who declined to honor the patient’s request for pacemaker deactivation—may actually track something of moral significance. In this commentary, I argue that there are reasonable grounds for holding that deactivation of a ‘biofixture’ such as a pacemaker may be more analogous in moral terms to medical aid in dying than it is to standard cases of withdrawal of life support at the end of a patient’s life.