This article presents an analysis of two sheet gold ornaments of the Mycenaean post-palatial period (twelfth–eleventh centuries bc) found in two cemeteries on the island of Kefalonia. These unusual ornaments bear solar symbols of Nordic and central European type, the closest parallels being those on the contemporary gold discs from votive deposits on the Italian peninsula. The study considers the technological, morphological, and iconographic particularities of the Kefalonian ornaments and how they differ from each other and from other finds. The ornaments’ use in a funerary context is examined against Aegean practices, burial rites, and ideology. The examination of their iconographic and conceptual antecedents in the Aegean cultural sphere reveals that the exogenous input in their creation—linked to transcultural exchange within the Adriatic—was matched by indigenous engagement with aspects of cosmology.

The use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Health Technology Assessment (HTA) activities presents an opportunity to enhance the efficiency, accuracy, and speed of HTA processes worldwide. However, the adoption of AI tools in HTA comes with diverse challenges and concerns that must be carefully managed to ensure their responsible, ethical, and effective deployment. The 2025 Health Technology Assessment international Global Policy Forum (GPF) informed GPF members of the integration of AI into HTA activities, with a particular focus on the use of Generative AI (GenAI). With the overarching goal of illuminating and inspiring tangible outputs and actionable recommendations, the event brought together a diverse range of interest holders to explore the opportunities and challenges of AI in HTA. This article summarizes the key discussions and themes that informed the GPF outcomes, including trust, human agency, and risk-based approaches, culminating in a proposed set of priority next steps for the HTA community regarding the integration of GenAI. It also highlights insights into the current state of digital transformation within HTA organizations and the life sciences industry, providing insights into where the field stands and where it is heading.

This paper examines the morality of medical assistance in dying (MAID) in Kantian ethics. I argue that it is much harder than is often acknowledged to rule MAID out, even given Kant’s prohibition on suicide. Kant’s non-consequentialism entails that providing MAID does not aid the patient’s duty violation. Moreover, Kant’s distinction between public and private reason provides resources for arguing that those who provide MAID are not complicit with that violation either, at least in jurisdictions in which there is a public mandate. On my reading, the ethical permissibility of providing MAID is largely determined by its legal status.

From the 1960s, the rising volatility of financial markets in the US troubled econometricians and bank managers alike. Both found it increasingly difficult to forecast savings deposit flows. This article explores these challenges by focusing on two developments. First, it analyzes the adjustment process among econometric models of the savings deposit market. I combine the analysis of the FMP model used by the Fed since 1970 and the deposit model of the Philadelphia Saving Fund Society (PSFS), thereby pioneering the historical analysis of econometric models built by private financial institutions. I find that economists failed to discover timeless determinants for deposit flows. Second, I explore how the conditions of the savings deposit market shaped the demand for macroeconomic forecast models, using the PSFS as a case study. I show that while the rising volatility led bank managers to seek sophisticated tools to predict deposit flows, the deregulation of the banking industry put the forecasting quality of macroeconomic models for individual banks to the test.

In [7], Hjorth, assuming $\mathsf {{AD+ZF+DC}}$, showed that there is no sequence of length $\omega _2$ consisting of distinct $\boldsymbol {\Sigma }^1_2$-sets. We show that the same theory implies that for $n\geq 0$, there is no sequence of length $\boldsymbol {\delta }^1_{2n+2}$ consisting of distinct $\boldsymbol {\Sigma }^1_{2n+2}$ sets. The theorem settles Question 30.21 of [16], which was also conjectured by Kechris in [17] (see Conjecture in Chapter 4 of [17] and the last paragraph of Chapter 4 of [17]).

Hydrogen is a leading candidate for zero-emission propulsion in aviation, particularly when stored and utilised in its liquid form. However, key components such as composite cryogenic pressure vessels remain at low Technology Readiness Levels (TRL), requiring further investigation into their structural performance under realistic operational conditions. The present work aims to provide a validated numerical methodology for simulating the thermomechanical behaviour and the progressive damage evolution of composite cryogenic hydrogen tanks. The finite element framework incorporates ply-level failure criteria and stiffness degradation laws to capture intra-laminar damage mechanisms under combined pressure and temperature loads. The modelling approach is validated against experimental data from coupon-level open-hole tension tests and subcomponent-scale composite pipes burst tests, demonstrating strong correlation in terms of failure onset and progression.

The validated methodology is subsequently applied to a demonstrator, comprising a composite liquid hydrogen tank, subjected to three representative loading scenarios: internal pressure, cryogenic temperature and combined cryogenic-mechanical loading. Results reveal that matrix-dominated damage initiates near the cylinder – dome interfaces of the tank and propagates across the laminate, while fibre failure is not observed in the investigated load cases. This suggests that potential hydrogen leakage is the initial critical failure condition that occurs before any other important structural damage of the tank, highlighting the need for appropriate tank design. The performed study contributes to the understanding of structural integrity of composite cryogenic tanks and offers a computational basis for future design and certification efforts in hydrogen aviation systems.

Medieval lex mercatoria refers to the customary commercial law developed by merchants to govern cross-border trade, operating alongside and sometimes independently of territorial legal systems. This paper compares that historical form of autonomous ordering with contemporary blockchain governance. Both create institutional frameworks that facilitate exchange among diverse actors and provide mechanisms that function, to varying degrees, outside traditional state authority. The key difference lies in how rules are generated and enforced: medieval merchant law relied on flexible norms interpreted by merchant courts and other human adjudicators, whereas blockchain systems seek to reduce ambiguity by encoding rules ex ante in smart contracts and automating enforcement. Decentralized decision-making and emerging forms of on-chain adjudication further reimagine dispute resolution without centralized judicial power. The central claim is that both represent polycentric legal orders whose significance ultimately depends on how they interact with, complement, or challenge formal governmental institutions.

The design of a hexagonal six-ridged waveguide (H6RWG) phased array antenna (PAA) element featuring a wide scan angle matched slotted horn aperture is presented for Ka-band satellite downlink in low Earth orbit non-terrestrial network applications. The proposed PAA element is evaluated against an open-ended waveguide (OEWG) PAA element and achieves a very low active reflection coefficient (ARC) of less than -18 dB and a total antenna efficiency greater than 84% over a wide bandwidth from 17.3 to 20.2 GHz with a $\pm$ 50$^\circ$ scan range. Specifically, the aperture of the H6RWG was designed to limit the variations in ARC during scanning, thereby minimizing load pulling of integrated active devices, as demonstrated with a power amplifier (PA) in a co-simulation. As a result, the power-added efficiency, output power, and linearity of the PA remained stable over the bandwidth and scan range. Compared to the OEWG PAA, the co-polarized system efficiency and equivalent isotropic radiated power are improved for most scan angles within the bandwidth, especially at high scan angles.

The Arctic, once a climate victim, is now becoming a climate stressor. The melting ice has brought us closer to climate tipping points and, simultaneously, has made oil reserves in the Arctic more accessible. As a result, a clash has emerged between scientific warnings and climate change obstruction (CCO) discourses that prioritise economic ambitions over climate concerns. This study investigates whether, despite scientific warnings, Norway defends further oil extraction in the Arctic, thus aligning with CCO discourses by prioritising economic interests over climate urgency. Based on a qualitative inductive approach, we analyse four official White Papers from the Norwegian government, identify their discursive patterns and contrast them with CCO discourses found in the literature. We found that the Norwegian government exhibits an affinity with six CCO discourses: 1) Non-Transformative Discourse, 2) Responsibility Deflection Discourse, 3) Discourse of the Common Good, 4) Discourse of Higher Priorities or Loyalties, 5) The Legal Discourse, and 6) The Discourse of Good Intentions. We conclude that the Norwegian government has constructed a narrative where the recognition of climate urgency does not mean the renouncement of its long-term petroleum interests and further oil extraction in the Arctic. This narrative, named here as the “green oil” narrative, uses renewable energies to electrify the oil industry, thus presenting renewables as an ally of oil expansion rather than a step toward a fossil fuel phase-out. Overall, Norway’s current narrative fails to address oil dependency, defending and justifying oil extraction in the Arctic.

Childhood obesity is an increasing concern in Indonesia, yet little is known about the content and sources of foods offered in Indonesian school food environments. This study aimed to examine the composition and preparation of foods sold in primary school canteens, and to identify potential modifications to address diet-related obesity risk. A cross-sectional survey of canteen vendors (n = 10) and structured observations of prepared foods (n = 112) sold in canteens were conducted across eight private and public primary schools in Central Java, Indonesia. Foods were categorized by food group, preparation method, and meal type, and associations with factors such as cost, location of sale, and the individual responsible for preparation were analysed using chi-square and t-test analyses. Among all prepared foods observed, 73.2% were classified as main meals and 26.8% as desserts, with parents often playing a central role in food preparation. Nearly half (47.3%) of non-beverage items were deep-fried, and the majority of dishes did not align with Indonesian Balanced Nutrition Guidelines. A compositional analysis of each main meal’s ingredients revealed that 29.3% lacked protein and 90.2% did not contain vegetables. Foods that were not deep-fried were priced significantly higher than deep-fried foods (x̄ = Rp.1846 ($0.11) vs Rp.1406 ($0.09); p < 0.001). Overall, the majority of prepared foods available to schoolchildren were low in nutritional quality, with limited fruits and vegetables and heavy reliance on frying. These findings highlight the need for strategies that combine parent education on healthy food preparation with economic incentives to increase the accessibility of healthier food options within Indonesian school canteens.

Despite the increasing environmental awareness, sustainable products are not routinely adopted, revealing a persistent attitude–behavior gap. While this gap has been widely studied through psychological and behavioral approaches, less attention has been given to how product design attributes shape users’ perceptions and influence their interaction with products. Therefore, this article aims to explore the literature on the role of design attributes in this context, analyzing how product design attributes and sustainability cues affect user experience and product-related decisions. Based on a systematic literature review process, 52 articles were extracted from the SCOPUS database. These articles were classified and analyzed according to their main objectives. Based on the findings, attribute centrality (i.e., whether a product feature is perceived as central or peripheral to the product’s identity) and product category (utilitarian or hedonic) are relevant to shape environmental attitudes and behavior. Specifically, sustainability cues tend to be perceived more negatively in utilitarian products, where functionality is prioritized, and more positively in hedonic products, where they may enhance emotional value, especially when perceived as central attributes. Therefore, these characteristics must be strategically integrated in product design to reduce the perceived trade-off between sustainability and performance. The review conclusions highlight the need for further investigation to identify how specific product design attributes resulting from the application of ecodesign principles trigger sustainability perception.

With the Directive on Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence, the European Union strives to address the negative externalities of companies that arise in the global economy. The new Directive follows the example of national lawmakers by requiring large companies operating in their own jurisdiction to manage adverse impacts on human rights and the environment. These due diligence laws affect companies beyond European borders by cascading due diligence standards down transnational ownership ties and value chains. They are shifting gears in the complex engine of the global economy and have considerable impacts on stakeholders in third countries. These extraterritorial implications raise the question of what limits international law places on relevant unilateral legislation. This article assesses the Directive against the law of jurisdiction and international comity arguing that unilateral due diligence laws are an appropriate way to address transnational sustainability challenges, provided lawmakers take adequate precautions.

This note establishes sharp time-asymptotic algebraic rate bounds for the classical evolution problem of Fujita, but with sublinear rather than superlinear exponent. A transitional stability exponent is identified, which has a simple reciprocity relation with the classical Fujita critical blow-up exponent.

This paper examines the impact of shared religious composition on global wine trade. We assembled a novel dataset of bilateral wine trade flows and country-level religious affiliation for 102 countries from 1988 to 2023. Our theory-consistent gravity estimates show that a greater common share of Protestant denominations between trading partners is associated with increased bilateral wine trade. In contrast, a higher share of Other Christian denominations is associated with lower trade intensity. To quantify the implications of religious similarity for global wine trade, we conducted a general equilibrium simulation. We find that increasing global alignment in the Protestant denomination would reduce trade costs more than eliminating all global tariffs, with major exporters seeing export gains up to 205.9%. These findings suggest that cultural factors, long treated as secondary, play a central role in shaping trade integration and should be considered alongside standard trade policy tools.