Management practices are constantly changing amid intense competitive global pressure. This can put a strain on managers in terms of adapting to new challenges that arise from rapid transformations. While there is an emphasis on timely transformations in order to increase efficiency and productivity gains, there can also be a relaxation when managers have reached their pinnacle and achieved their goals. The goal of this editorial is to focus on hot management trends which is an important topic given the ever shifting business environment. Well-known academics were asked to write about what they see as the main management trends affecting society at the current time period. They each have diverse views based on their area of expertise and thought processes. For the Journal of Management & Organization, it is critical that we look into management trends in order to inform practice but also to enrichen theory. It is exciting times with many things happening regarding management that makes it exciting to read about what may occur in the future.

Antarctic terrestrial ecosystems, covering less than 1% of the continent, are under increasing anthropogenic threats, particularly from climate change and tourism. This study focuses on the impact of human trampling on soil microbial communities in Barrientos Island (South Shetlands archipelago), a frequently visited location. Soil samples were collected within and at the edge of two established paths representing varying levels of human disturbance. Physical and chemical analyses revealed significant differences between the paths, potentially creating anaerobic conditions favorable for specific microbial taxa. Thus, microbial communities also differed between the paths. Aerobic heterotrophic taxa were dominant in the less disturbed path, while anaerobic taxa such as Bacteroidetes vadinHA17 thrived in the more compacted path. Although alpha diversity indices did not differ, beta diversity analyses showed notable distinctions, particularly between the paths rather than trampled and untrampled areas. These findings suggest that microbial communities may recover following the stop of human activity, but also that indigenous microbial communities or other overlooked factors may be influencing the recovery potential. This study thus offers a starting point for similar research, as it highlights the need for further investigation to determine whether human trampling or other environmental factors are primarily responsible for these differences.

Sexual and gender–based violence (SGBV) is a multifaceted, endemic, and nefarious phenomenon that remains poorly measured and understood, despite greater global awareness of the issue. While efforts to improve data collection methods have increased–including the implementation of the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) in some countries–the lack of reliable SGBV data remains a significant challenge to developing targeted policy interventions and advocacy initiatives. Using a recent mixed–methods research project conducted by the authors in Sierra Leone as a case study, this paper discusses the current status of SGBV data, challenges faced, and potential research a pproaches.

We introduce a versatile high-repetition-rate solid tape target system suitable for relativistic laser-plasma driven secondary sources. We demonstrate the operation and stability monitoring based on a petawatt laser focused at 1 Hz. Experiments were carried out at the VEGA-3 laser system of the Centro de Láseres Pulsados facility where results for different tape materials and thicknesses are presented. Experimental proton spectra were recorded by a Thomson parabola spectrometer and a time-of-flight detector. In addition, non-invasive detectors, such as a target charging monitor and ionization chamber detectors, were tested as metrology for the stability of the source. Degradation of the proton signal at high-repetition-rate operation was observed and it was solved by online optimization of the relative focus position of the target and laser beam parameters. We report the use of the tape target for bursts of 1000 shots at 1 Hz with mean cut-off energies of about 10 MeV in optimized interaction conditions.

The taxonomy of the subfamily Scolytinae has traditionally been based on external morphological attributes corresponding to the elytral declivity, head, and pronotum. Some traits from the general morphology of the aedeagus and spermatheca have been proposed in scarce genera. In this study, we explore and improve a technique of endophallus inflation to apply it in Scolytinae members and to describe its morphology for the first time in 16 species from Dendroctonus Erichson, Ips DeGeer, and Phloeosinus Chapuis. These taxa display differences in the attachment types of endophallus and two distinct inflation and retraction mechanisms. Our results support the use of the internal sac as a taxonomic feature in Scolytinae because each tribe, genus, and species display a particular morphological pattern. The results also indicate use of the internal sac for Dendroctonus taxonomy supports phylogenetic inferences.

Many European farmland bird populations are rapidly declining because of agricultural intensification and land-use changes. Robust estimates of population sizes and trends, habitat use, and protected area coverage within the distribution range are crucial to inform the conservation and management of threatened species. Here we report on the results of the 2019 Black-bellied Sandgrouse Pterocles orientalis (BBS) survey promoted and coordinated by SEO/BirdLife to update its breeding distribution, population size, and trends in continental Spain. A total of 660 grid cells, 10 × 10 km, Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM), were surveyed (81% of the distribution area), with 2,257 visits to 1,750 walked transects (7,001 km in total; 10.6 km per UTM). BBS was detected in 43% of sampled UTMs. At transect level, occupancy was 11% higher inside protected areas. At UTM level, occupancy was estimated at 0.58 (Bayesian credible interval [BCI] 95%: 0.55–0.61), revealing that BBS occupied about half of its previous breeding range (2003–2005). Using hierarchical distance sampling modelling, we estimated an average density of 1.33 individuals/km2 in occupied areas, and a population of 4,025 individuals (confidence interval: 1,840–7,609) within sampled areas, with an additional 697 individuals (confidence interval 461–1,075) in areas that were not surveyed. Further, the relative abundance of BBS (Kilometric Abundance Index) declined by 63% between 2005 and 2019 (annual decline rate of 4.5%). BBS used agricultural habitats (73%) and unprotected areas (54%) despite a higher occupancy within protected areas. Given the recent decline rate and persistent threats, the BBS conservation status should be upgraded to “Endangered” in peninsular Spain. Its future depends on land-use changes and agricultural practices, in particular the maintenance of fallows, semi-natural habitats, and pastures for extensive grazing. Better protection of important areas and targeted conservation initiatives should be promoted to halt and reverse the population decline in this key western Palearctic stronghold.

Breast-feeding is associated with fewer comorbidities in very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) preterm infants. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) of VLBW infants is a multifactorial pathology in which nutritional aspects may be of special importance. The aim of this study is to determine, in a cohort of VLBW infants, whether breast milk nutrition is associated with a reduced prevalence and severity of BPD. A retrospective study was conducted to record the intake of mother’s own milk (MOM), pasteurised donor human milk or preterm formula milk in the first 2 weeks of postnatal life of 566 VLBW newborns at our hospital during the period January 2008–December 2021. After applying the relevant exclusion criteria, data for 489 VLBW infants were analysed; 195 developed some degree of BPD. Moderate or severe BPD is associated with less weight gain. Moreover, the preferential ingestion of breast milk in the first and second postnatal weeks had effects associated with lower OR for BPD, which were statistically demonstrable for mild (OR 0·16; 95 % CI 0·03, 0·71) and severe (OR 0·08; 95 % CI 0·009, 0·91) BPD. Breast-feeding during the first weeks of postnatal life is associated with a reduced prevalence of BPD, which is frequently associated with less weight gain as a result of greater respiratory effort with greater energy expenditure.

A checklist of Lichen-forming, Lichenicolous and Allied Fungi of Ecuador is presented with a total of 2599 species, of which 39 are reported for the first time from the country. The names of three species, Hypotrachyna montufariensis, H. subpartita and Sticta hypoglabra, previously not validly published, are validated. Pertusaria oahuensis, originally introduced by Magnusson as ‘ad interim’, is validated as Lepra oahuensis. The form Leucodermia leucomelos f. albociliata is validated. Two new combinations, Fissurina tectigera and F. timida, are made, and Physcia mobergii is introduced as a replacement name for the illegitimate P. lobulata Moberg non (Flörke) Arnold. In an initial step, the checklist was compiled by reviewing literature records of Ecuadorian lichen biota spanning from the late 19th century to the present day. Subsequently, records were added based on vouchers from 56 collections participating in the Consortium of Lichen Herbaria, a Symbiota-based biodiversity platform with particular focus on, but not exclusive to, North and South America. Symbiota provides sophisticated tools to manage biodiversity data, such as occurrence records, a taxonomic thesaurus, and checklists. The thesaurus keeps track of frequently changing names, distinguishing taxa currently accepted from ones considered synonyms. The software also provides tools to create and manage checklists, with an emphasis on selecting vouchers based on occurrence records that can be verified for identification accuracy. Advantages and limitations of creating checklists in Symbiota versus traditional ways of compiling these lists are discussed. Traditional checklists are well suited to document current knowledge as a ‘snapshot in time’. They are important baselines, frequently used by ecologists and conservation scientists as an established naming convention for citing species reported from a country. Compiling these lists, however, requires an immense effort, only to inadequately address the dynamic nature of scientific discovery. Traditional checklists are thus quickly out of date, particularly in groups with rapidly changing taxonomy, such as lichenized fungi. Especially in megadiverse countries, where new species and new occurrences continue to be discovered, traditional checklists are not easily updated; these lists necessarily fall short of efficiently managing immense data sets, and they rely primarily on secondary evidence (i.e. literature records rather than specimens). Ideally, best practices make use of dynamic database platforms such as Symbiota to assess occurrence records based both on literature citations and voucher specimens. Using modern data management tools comes with a learning curve. Systems like Symbiota are not necessarily intuitive and their functionality can still be improved, especially when handling literature records. However, online biodiversity data platforms have much potential in more efficiently managing and assessing large biodiversity data sets, particularly when investigating the lichen biota of megadiverse countries such as Ecuador.

Image-processing pipelines require the design of complex workflows combining many different steps that bring the raw acquired data to a final result with biological meaning. In the image-processing domain of cryo-electron microscopy single-particle analysis (cryo-EM SPA), hundreds of steps must be performed to obtain the three-dimensional structure of a biological macromolecule by integrating data spread over thousands of micrographs containing millions of copies of allegedly the same macromolecule. The execution of such complicated workflows demands a specific tool to keep track of all these steps performed. Additionally, due to the extremely low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), the estimation of any image parameter is heavily affected by noise resulting in a significant fraction of incorrect estimates. Although low SNR and processing millions of images by hundreds of sequential steps requiring substantial computational resources are specific to cryo-EM, these characteristics may be shared by other biological imaging domains. Here, we present Scipion, a Python generic open-source workflow engine specifically adapted for image processing. Its main characteristics are: (a) interoperability, (b) smart object model, (c) gluing operations, (d) comparison operations, (e) wide set of domain-specific operations, (f) execution in streaming, (g) smooth integration in high-performance computing environments, (h) execution with and without graphical capabilities, (i) flexible visualization, (j) user authentication and private access to private data, (k) scripting capabilities, (l) high performance, (m) traceability, (n) reproducibility, (o) self-reporting, (p) reusability, (q) extensibility, (r) software updates, and (s) non-restrictive software licensing.

Premature birth, bronchopulmonary dysplasia or restrictive nutrition in the first weeks of postnatal life may have repercussions on lung development and affect long-term lung function outcomes. This prospective observational study is based on a cohort of 313 very low birth weight (VLBW) neonates, born between 1 January 2008 and 1 December 2016. The daily intake of calories, protein, fat and carbohydrates during the first week of life and evidence of inadequate weight gain (Δwt) until week 36 of gestational age (GA) were recorded. FEV1, FEF25–75 %, forced vital capacity (FVC) and the FEV1/FVC ratio were determined. The relations between these parameters were determined by regression analysis. Spirometric parameters were obtained for 141 children with a mean age of 9 years (95 % CI 7, 11); 69 of them (48·9 %) had presented wheezing episodes on more than three occasions. In addition, 60 (42·5 %) had a history of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Of these, n 40 (66·6 %) had a history of wheezing. Significant association between protein/energy intake in the first week of life and the lung function parameters analysed was observed. Poor Δwt to GA week 36 was significantly associated with decreased mean pulmonary flow. Inadequate protein/energy intake in the first week of life of VLBW newborns and poor Δwt to week 36 of GA is associated with a significant worsening of lung function parameters.

The increasing popularity of cognitive interventions for patients with psychosis calls for further exploration on how these interventions may benefit functional outcomes. We conducted a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to examine the effectiveness of cognitive interventions (i.e. Cognitive Remediation, Cognitive Training, Social Cognition, and their combination) on functioning of patients with recent onset psychosis, established as the period within the first five years from the first episode. The following databases were searched: Proquest, PUBMED/MEDLINE, PsycINFO, WOS, Scopus for research published until January 2022. In total, 12 studies were eligible. The total number of participants was 759, of which 32.2% in the intervention and 30.8% in the control group were female. We extracted data to calculate the standardized mean change from pre-test to post-test comparing the intervention with the control conditions. Overall, there was no effect of any of the cognitive intervention types on functioning. None of the examined factors (intervention type, length, and modality; control condition, follow-up time; cognitive functions; medication; symptoms) seemed to moderate these findings. Our results indicate that cognitive interventions as standalone interventions do not appear to improve functioning in patients with recent onset psychosis. Given the small number of eligible studies, further RCTs with larger and more refined samples are needed to test whether these interventions should be applied as single interventions with these patients.