The Mental Health Bill, 2025, proposes to remove autism and learning disability from the scope of Section 3 of the Mental Health Act, 1983 (MHA). The present article represents a professional and carer consensus statement that raises concerns and identifies probable unintended consequences if this proposal becomes law. Our concerns relate to the lack of clear mandate for such proposals, conceptual inconsistency when considering other conditions that might give rise to a need for detention and the inconsistency in applying such changes to Part II of the MHA but not Part III. If the proposed changes become law, we anticipate that detentions would instead occur under the less safeguarded Deprivation of Liberty Safeguards framework, and that unmanaged risks will eventuate in behavioural consequences that will lead to more autistic people or those with a learning disability being sent to prison. Additionally, there is a concern that the proposed definitional breadth of autism and learning disability gives rise to a risk that people with other conditions may unintentionally be unable to be detained. We strongly urge the UK Parliament to amend this portion of the Bill prior to it becoming law.

The aim of this study was to determine whether there was a significant change in cardiac [123I]-metaiodobenzylguanidine uptake between baseline and follow-up in individuals with mild cognitive impairment with Lewy bodies (MCI-LB) who had normal baseline scans. Eight participants with a diagnosis of probable MCI-LB and a normal baseline scan consented to a follow-up scan between 2 and 4 years after baseline. All eight repeat scans remained normal; however, in three cases uptake decreased by more than 10%. The mean change in uptake between baseline and repeat was −5.2% (range: −23.8% to +7.0%). The interpolated mean annual change in uptake was −1.6%.

In order to study the structure and temperature distribution within high-mass star-forming clumps, we employed the Australia Telescope Compact Array to image the $\mathrm{NH}_3$ (J,K) = (1,1) through (6,6) and the (2,1) inversion transitions, the $\mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O}$ $6_{16}$-$5_{23}$ maser line at 22.23508 GHz, several $\mathrm{CH}_3\mathrm{OH}$ lines and hydrogen and helium recombination lines. In addition, 22- and 24-GHz radio continuum emission was also imaged.

The $\mathrm{NH}_3$ lines probe the optical depth and gas temperature of compact structures within the clumps. The $\mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O}$ maser pinpoints the location of shocked gas associated with star formation. The recombination lines and the continuum emission trace the ionised gas associated with hot OB stars. The paper describes the data and presents sample images and spectra towards select clumps. The technique for estimating gas temperature from $\mathrm{NH}_3$ line ratios is described. The data show widespread hyperfine intensity anomalies in the $\mathrm{NH}_3$ (1,1) images, an indicator of non-LTE $\mathrm{NH}_3$ excitation. We also identify several new $\mathrm{NH}_3$ (3,3) masers associated with shocked gas. Towards AGAL328.809+00.632, the $\mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O}$ $6_{16}$-$5_{23}$ line, normally seen as a maser, is instead seen as a thermally excited absorption feature against a strong background continuum. The data products are described in detail.

Precolumbian Maya graffiti is challenging to document because it is complex, multilayered, and difficult to see with the naked eye. In the Maya Lowlands, precolumbian graffiti occurs as etched palimpsests on parts of substructures such as stucco walls of residences, palaces, and temples that are frequently only accessible through dark and narrow tunnel excavations. Experienced iconographers or epigraphers with advanced drawing skills are the most qualified researchers to accurately record, analyze, and interpret precolumbian Maya graffiti. Because these scholars have a vast knowledge of conventions and styles from multiple time periods and sites, they are less likely to document the complex and seemingly chaotic incisions incorrectly. But as with many specialists in Maya archaeology, iconographers and epigraphers are not always available to collaborate in the field. This raises the question, how might an archaeologist without advanced training in iconography accurately record graffiti in subterranean excavations? Advances in digital applications of archaeological field recording have opened new avenues for documenting graffiti. One of these is Reflectance Transformation Imaging (RTI), a method that uses a moving light source and photography in order to visualize, interact with, and analyze a three-dimensional object in a two-dimensional image. With practice, RTI images can easily be produced in the field and later shared with specialists for the purposes of analysis and interpretation. Performed on a series of 20 unique graffiti from the Maya archaeological site of Holtun (two examples are presented here), RTI shows promise as a viable technique for documenting and preserving graffiti as cultural heritage.

The adsorption of 13C-labeled benzene on imogolite has been studied on samples which had been evacuated and then heated to remove water below their decomposition point. After adsorption of labeled benzene, the samples were studied by nuclear magnetic resonance using non-spinning techniques. The results show that benzene can occupy more than one pore type and that water does not displace benzene from the intra-tube pores at atmospheric pressure. A further finding is that there are at least two types of adsorbed benzene in so called inter-tube pores, one of which is more rigidly held than that in intratube pores. The presence of disordered materials at the edge of pores could also play a role in altering the pore mouth thereby creating new types of pores. Moreover, where two tubes do not pack properly, space might be created where an adsorbed molecule may bind more tightly than expected in a conventional pore.

This essay recovers the newspaper writings of the Omaha journalist Susette Bright Eyes La Flesche as the first Indigenous woman to publish about the 1890 Wounded Knee Massacre. Her eyewitness accounts challenge mainstream histories of the massacre that focus largely on frontier violence and Indigenous death by rewriting Wounded Knee as a place of Indigenous resilience and of an Indigenous community bound together by the rights and responsibilities of kinship. By prioritizing the stories of surviving Indigenous women and girls, Bright Eyes's reporting speaks to and becomes a precedent for ongoing acts and discourses of Indigenous activism, feminism, resurgence, and self-determination.

A canonical genealogy of artificial intelligence must include technologies and data being built with, for and from animals. Animal identification using forms of electronic monitoring and digital management began in the 1970s. Early data innovations comprised RFID tags and transponders that were followed by digital imaging and computer vision. Initially applied in the 1980s for agribusiness to identify meat products and to classify biosecurity data for animal health, yet computer vision is interlaced in subtler ways with commercial pattern recognition systems to monitor and track people in public spaces. As such this paper explores a set of managerial projects in Australian agriculture connected to computer vision and machine learning tools that contribute to dual-use. Herein, ‘the cattle crush’ is positioned as a pivotal space for animal bodies to be interrogated by AI imaging, digitization and data transformation with forms of computational and statistical analysis. By disentangling the kludge of numbering, imaging and classifying within precision agriculture the paper highlights a computational transference of techniques between species, institutional settings and domains that is relevant to regulatory considerations for AI development. The paper posits how a significant sector of data innovation – concerning uses on animals – may tend to evade some level of regulatory and ethical scrutiny afforded to human spaces and settings, and as such afford optimisation of these systems beyond our recognition.

Background: Reflexive urine culturing, a strategy wherein urine cultures are only performed on samples with pyuria, is increasingly being used to reduce unnecessary urine cultures, healthcare costs, and inappropriate antibiotics. To support implementation of a reflexive urine-culture order for pediatric patients aged <18 years, we assessed the proportion of urine cultures that would be avoided with reflexive urine culturing, and we calculated the sensitivity and negative predictive value (NPV) of the ≥10 white blood cells (WBC) per high-powered field (HPF) threshold for diagnosing urinary tract infections (UTI) in patients aged <18 years who presented to the pediatric emergency department (ED). Methods: A retrospective review of patients <18 years with a urine culture performed from January to May 2022 in an urban, tertiary-care, pediatric ED was performed. A positive urine culture was defined as ≥50,000 CFU/mL for catheterized specimens and ≥100,000 CFU/mL for clean-catch or unspecified specimens. Pyuria was defined as ≥10 WBC/HPF. ‘True UTI’ was defined as a positive urine culture with a consistent clinical presentation (eg, fever or dysuria). Sensitivity, specificity, and NPV were calculated using the pyuria threshold of ≥10WBC/HPF compared to the gold standard of a ‘true UTI.’ Results: During the study period, 658 patients aged <18 years had urine cultures sent, of which 46 (7%) were positive. In all, 407 urine cultures (61.9%) were obtained by clean catch, 233 (35.4%) were obtained by urethral catheterization, 2 (0.3%) were obtained by Foley catheter, and 16 (2.4%) were unspecified. Among the 46 positive cultures, 32 (69.6%) had ≥10 WBC/HPF, and 55 (9.0%) of 612 negative cultures had ≥10 WBC/HPF. Of the 14 patients with positive urine cultures without pyuria, 8 had a contaminated sample or asymptomatic bacteriuria, 3 had urologic abnormalities, and 3 were infants aged <3 months. Of the 14 patients, 3 (21.4%) had a consistent clinical presentation for UTI and were treated with antibiotics: 2 were infants aged <3 months and 1 had urologic abnormalities. Using the ≥10 WBC/HPF threshold compared to ‘true UTI,’ sensitivity was 91.4%, specificity was 91.5%, positive predictive value was 36%, and NPV was 99.5%. Sensitivity and NPV increased to 100% when infants aged <3 months and urologic patients with positive urine culture were excluded. We estimated a cost saving of ~$200,000 had reflexive testing been in place. Conclusions: A reflexive urine culture for specimens with ≥10 WBC/HPF would have reduced the number of urine cultures substantially because 571 (86.8%) of 658 urine cultures would not have been performed. To prevent missed diagnoses of UTI, infants aged <3 months and children with urologic abnormalities should be excluded from this diagnostic stewardship intervention.

Disclosures: None

Many factors affect patient outcome after congenital heart surgery, including the complexity of the heart disease, pre-operative status, patient specific factors (prematurity, nutritional status and/or presence of comorbid conditions or genetic syndromes), and post-operative residual lesions. The Residual Lesion Score is a novel tool for assessing whether specific residual cardiac lesions after surgery have a measurable impact on outcome. The goal is to understand which residual lesions can be tolerated and which should be addressed prior to leaving the operating room. The Residual Lesion Score study is a large multicentre prospective study designed to evaluate the association of Residual Lesion Score to outcomes in infants undergoing surgery for CHD. This Pediatric Heart Network and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute-funded study prospectively enrolled 1,149 infants undergoing 5 different congenital cardiac surgical repairs at 17 surgical centres. Given the contribution of echocardiographic measurements in assigning the Residual Lesion Score, the Residual Lesion Score study made use of a centralised core lab in addition to site review of all data. The data collection plan was designed with the added goal of collecting image quality information in a way that would permit us to improve our understanding of the reproducibility, variability, and feasibility of the echocardiographic measurements being made. There were significant challenges along the way, including the coordination, de-identification, storage, and interpretation of very large quantities of imaging data. This necessitated the development of new infrastructure and technology, as well as use of novel statistical methods. The study was successfully completed, but the size and complexity of the population being studied and the data being extracted required more technologic and human resources than expected which impacted the length and cost of conducting the study. This paper outlines the process of designing and executing this complex protocol, some of the barriers to implementation and lessons to be considered in the design of future studies.

This paper considers the structure and priorities of the Carthaginian state in its imperial endeavours in both North Africa and across the Mediterranean, focusing especially on the well-documented period of the Punic Wars (264–146 BC.). It suggests that Carthaginian constitutional structures, in particular the split between civil shofetim (‘judges’) and military rabbim (‘generals’), impacted the strategic outlook and marginal bellicosity of the city, making it less competitive against its primary peer-rival in the Western Mediterranean, Rome.