Malacostracan crustaceans are very diverse today, but their evolutionary history and biodiversity during the Paleozoic remain understudied. One clade within Malacostraca is Belotelsonidea, crustaceans with a shrimp-like body plan only known from the Carboniferous. We describe the fourth species of this group, Lobetelson feldmanni n. sp., from the Pennsylvanian (Kasimovian) of the Kinney Brick Quarry, New Mexico, USA. The holotype is a flattened, relatively complete specimen with an eye preserved. A second, less well-preserved specimen from the same locality might be referable to the new species. This record represents the youngest record of Belotelsonidea, now ranging from the upper Tournaisian to the Kasimovian, equivalent to ca. 40 Myr. Paleobiogeographically, belotelsonids are only known from Scotland and various parts of the USA thus far, located near the equator to ~20° south during the Carboniferous. Whereas most belotelsonids are thought to have lived in a marine environment, some of the oldest specimens from Scotland are interpreted to have inhabited areas with limited to no marine influence.

UUID: https://zoobank.org/6c52b87d-9259-4b19-85c7-71b425bb6187

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: A new mandate for Clinical & Translational Science Award (CTSA) Programs is for pilot grant funding to support clinical and translational science (CTS) projects that study challenges in the translational research pipeline. This pivot requires new structures and supports to help investigators design and implement high-quality CTS projects. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: The Michigan Institute for Clinical & Health Research (MICHR) at the University of Michigan (U-M) has launched two rounds of pilot funding since March 2023. Faculty and staff across U-M’s three campuses, community members, and those at collaborating institutions and hospitals were eligible to apply. New pre-award supports included a CTS project framework; a recorded webinar that educated about CTS and the funding opportunity; office hours to provide tailored project feedback; a letter of intent to screen for alignment with CTS; and reviewer training for academic and community reviewers. Funded projects operate like 'mini cooperative agreements”, with MICHR experts partnering with awardees to refine evaluation plans, prepare work products, advise on dissemination, and navigate emergent challenges. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: The first round of funding was launched in the absence of pre-award supports; ten applications we received from faculty proposing translational research rather than CTS. We quickly re-released the FOA, expanding eligibility to staff. We received nine applications, ultimately funding four staff and one faculty studying operational challenges in translation and helping them create robust evaluation plans. We piloted the pre-award supports in our second round, with 40 individuals viewing our webinar and 11 attending office hours. Those who watched the webinar before attending office hours better understood how to embed CTS questions within their programs of research. We recently received 19 letters of intent, addressing both operational and scientific challenges, with 16 eligible to submit applications. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Education and personalized feedback seem to elicit a higher yield of CTS projects. Staff are already adept at solving operational challenges, so the pre-award supports were most critical for faculty accustomed to writing traditional translational research proposals. Staff have most benefited from guidance in evaluation and dissemination.

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: There is broad recognition that interdisciplinary research teams are uniquely suited to address complex research questions. At the Michigan Institute for Clinical & Health Research, we recognized a significant gap in support services at the University of Michigan for coordinating interdisciplinary teams to advance translational research. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: The initial team science challenge we tackled was how to bring together cross-disciplinary groups, for the first time, to engage meaningfully and collaboratively with a ‘wicked’ problem of interest and create a shared vision. To address this, we developed Ideation Jams, which are facilitated experiences that help new groups build community, identify and prioritize research opportunities, determine how individual interests and other potential partners align with opportunities, and commit to next steps that will advance collaborative efforts. Ideation Jams leverage the methods and mindsets of design thinking, including divergence and convergence; making information visual; amplifying diversity; horizontal distribution of responsibility; and bias towards action. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: We have facilitated 11 Ideation Jams with 255 participants, including faculty, staff, health practitioners, and community members, who brought diverse expertise and insight to the research problems. Participant feedback has been overwhelmingly positive, with Ideation Jams fostering shared vision and innovation, and positively impacting various measures related to team performance. Participants have reported that Ideation Jams catalyzed various outcomes, including submission and award of grants, the introduction of new and specialized clinical offerings, and development of an interdisciplinary research agenda for their field of interest. Most recently, we trained representatives from five Clinical & Translational Science Award hubs to implement Ideation Jams at their universities. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Ideation Jams are ideal for mobilizing new groups around complex research problems, moving them from blue-sky thinking to action planning in three hours. Ideation Jams will be integrated into a suite of facilitated experiences, trainings, and grant development services to provide iterative support as teams advance their research priorities.

The U.S. Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) has been a leader in weed science research covering topics ranging from the development and use of integrated weed management (IWM) tactics to basic mechanistic studies, including biotic resistance of desirable plant communities and herbicide resistance. ARS weed scientists have worked in agricultural and natural ecosystems, including agronomic and horticultural crops, pastures, forests, wild lands, aquatic habitats, wetlands, and riparian areas. Through strong partnerships with academia, state agencies, private industry, and numerous federal programs, ARS weed scientists have made contributions to discoveries in the newest fields of robotics and genetics, as well as the traditional and fundamental subjects of weed–crop competition and physiology and integration of weed control tactics and practices. Weed science at ARS is often overshadowed by other research topics; thus, few are aware of the long history of ARS weed science and its important contributions. This review is the result of a symposium held at the Weed Science Society of America’s 62nd Annual Meeting in 2022 that included 10 separate presentations in a virtual Weed Science Webinar Series. The overarching themes of management tactics (IWM, biological control, and automation), basic mechanisms (competition, invasive plant genetics, and herbicide resistance), and ecosystem impacts (invasive plant spread, climate change, conservation, and restoration) represent core ARS weed science research that is dynamic and efficacious and has been a significant component of the agency’s national and international efforts. This review highlights current studies and future directions that exemplify the science and collaborative relationships both within and outside ARS. Given the constraints of weeds and invasive plants on all aspects of food, feed, and fiber systems, there is an acknowledged need to face new challenges, including agriculture and natural resources sustainability, economic resilience and reliability, and societal health and well-being.

Funding agencies are increasingly seeking team-based approaches to tackling complex research questions, but there is a need to mobilize translational teams and create shared visions and strategic action plans long before specific funding opportunities are considered or even released. This is particularly evident for teams who want to pursue large-scale grants, where cross-disciplinary synergy is often required. In response, we created Research Jams, which are engaging yet structured brainstorming sessions that bring together groups for the first time to collectively generate novel research ideas, critically map the future of initiatives, prioritize opportunities and next steps, and build community. Research Jams leveraged various aspects of design thinking, including divergence and convergence, visual thinking, and amplifying diversity. We piloted seven Research Jams for a collective 129 researchers, staff, and partners across 50 University of Michigan units and external organizations. Feedback was overwhelmingly positive, with the vast majority of survey respondents indicating that the sessions were helpful for surfacing shared ideas or visions and that opportunities emerged they would like to pursue. Research Jams were ideal for cross-disciplinary groups who wanted to collaboratively ideate and strategize around complex problems in translational research. Importantly, these models have the potential for implementation with groups in any disciplinary domain who want to spur collaborations to address challenging problems. Our ultimate goal is for Research Jams to be the first intervention within a comprehensive support pathway that extends from early brainstorming all the way to grant submission.

Moist Rayleigh–Bénard convection with water saturated boundaries is explored using a One-Dimensional Turbulence model. The system involves both temperature $T$ and water vapour pressure $e_{v}$ as driving scalars. The emphasis of the work is on a supersaturation $s$, a nonlinear combination of $T$ and $e_{v}$ that is crucial to cloud formation. Its mean as well as fluctuation statistics determine cloud droplet growth and therefore precipitation formation and cloud optical properties. To explore the role of relative scalar diffusivities for temperature ($D_{t}$) and water vapour ($D_{v}$), three different regimes are considered: $D_{v}>D_{t}$, $D_{v}\approx D_{t}$ and $D_{v}<D_{t}$. Scalar fluxes (Nusselt number, $Nu$ and Sherwood number, $Sh$) and their scalings with moist Rayleigh number $Ra_{moist}$ are consistent with previous studies of one-component convection. Moreover, variances of the scalars in the bulk region increase with their diffusivities and also reasonably follow derived scaling expressions. Eulerian properties plotted in $(T,e_{v})$ coordinates have a different slope compared to an idealized mixing process. Additionally, the scalars are highly correlated, even in the cases of high relative diffusivities (factor of four) $D_{v}$ and $D_{t}$. Based on the above fact and the scaling relation of the scalars, the supersaturation variance is found to vary approximately as $Ra_{moist}^{5/3}$, in agreement with numerical results. Finally, the supersaturation profile in the boundary layer is explored and compares well with scalar boundary layer models. A sharp peak appears in the boundary-layer-supersaturation profile, not only in the variance but also in the mean profile, due to relative diffusivities of the scalars.