The paintpot cuttlefish Ascarosepion tullbergi (Appellöf, 1886) exhibits a distinctly benthic lifestyle, in contrast to the typical ontogenetic shift from benthic to nekto-benthic modes observed in most cuttlefish species. While many cuttlefish initially attach to substrates using arms IV and the ventral mantle, they generally transition to swimming-based locomotion as they mature. A. tullbergi, however, remains benthic throughout its life, relying on arms IV and the lateral edges of the ventral mantle for attachment and using an ambling gait for locomotion from hatching to adulthood. Despite the ecological significance of benthic specialisation, embryonic development in fully benthic cuttlefish remains poorly studied, as previous research has primarily focused on nekto-benthic species. To address this gap, we described the embryonic development of A. tullbergi and compared it with that of other sepiid species. Although the overall developmental pattern of A. tullbergi is broadly similar to that of other nekto-benthic cuttlefish, this species exhibits a pronounced early investment in benthic traits, particularly in the development of arms IV and the lateral edges of the mantle. Specifically, arms IV in A. tullbergi develop earlier and more prominently than in other Sepiidae species that undergo ontogenetic shifts in life mode. This early specialisation underscores the unique ecological strategy of A. tullbergi and reflects its adaptation to a lifelong benthic niche. The present study provides a description of embryonic development in A. tullbergi and contributes to a deeper understanding of cephalopod diversity.

To understand the challenges of climate change in a specific setting, it is essential to examine the social, cultural, environmental, economic and other national contexts. This paper provides an overview of Bhutan, highlighting the current climate change trends and their potential impacts on both the environment and society. Special attention is given to the impending implications for Bhutan’s education system, particularly how changing climatic conditions may affect learners’ well-being, learning and education. Additionally, the paper discusses the concept of Gross National Happiness (GNH) — the national development philosophy of Bhutan — and how climate change may challenge this aspiration while also presenting opportunities to advance sustainability. Finally, the prospects for further exploration and the role school communities may have in climate actions are underlined.

Some individuals may compensate for their underlying social cognitive vulnerabilities, therefore exhibiting adaptive real-world social behavior through enhanced attentional mechanisms despite underlying social cognitive challenges. From a developmental psychopathology framework, adaptive behaviors vary dimensionally in the community and across development to promote compensation. Yet, compensation in the broader community of children without categorical clinical diagnoses has not yet been studied. Moreover, the extent to which compensation demonstrates stability versus change is unknown. This study examines childhood social compensation longitudinally in a community-ascertained sample (N = 315) of 7–17 year-old (M = 12.15, SD = 2.97) children (33% non-white, 44% female). Compared to children with equally poor emotion recognition but substantially more real-world social behavior challenges, high compensators demonstrated better attentional alerting (d = 0.81, p < 0.001) without the “cost” of internalizing symptoms. Results showed both stability and instability in compensation group membership over time, with the high compensation group more likely to have unstable classification relative to the no compensation group (OR = 0.26, p = 0.001). Taken together, this study clarifies the processes underlying social compensation in the community and suggests a developmental psychopathology perspective is valuable in understanding how compensation develops across the lifespan. Such work has the potential to inform practices and policies that support social adaptation and promote resilience.

The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has overwhelmed the Lithuanian healthcare system. In an attempt to meet its emergency situation and mitigate the new challenges, the Government reached out to the private sector, aiming to develop a sustainable cooperation approach in healthcare service provision. The article examines the potential implications for the healthcare system in Lithuania and adaptation paths. The preliminary overview refers to the assumption that the efforts to deliver sustainable service in the healthcare sector were uncoordinated and showed institutional vulnerability in both private and public sectors.

African non-governmental organisations undergo various shifts in order to cope with diverse challenges. This article takes a longitudinal case study approach to analyse the identities and resilience of a small sample of NGOs in South Africa and Zimbabwe between 2009 and 2013. This article will rely on time period and the nature of the state in each site as independent variables. The nuances brought on by the different time periods and each organisation’s profile, and the two countries where the NGOs are set, are significant for contributing to the literature on the fluid and adaptive nature of African NGOs in their bid for survival. Through exploring these four diverse NGOs in the two states and time period where new challenges and opportunities are presented, the article will also highlight the variety of challenges and strategies each NGO engaged with when confronting crises specific to their settings and the identities each NGO adopted when developing and shifting their agendas.

Non-profit organizations (NPOs) occupy a crucial place in society. This article studies the determinants of their managerial adaptations in relation to societal orientation, such as a focus on partners, an adaptation of relationships with volunteers, preventing neglect of the beneficiaries and members, and finally a redesign of internal organization. The survey of French NPOs 1 year after Covid-19 shows that boards have often lost their collective effectiveness and that the four adaptations associated with societal orientation were specifically explained by the access to key resources. The results demonstrate the importance of human resource dependency management and inform the decision-making process during the crisis. The contributions focus on the determinants of societal orientation, on the necessary individual and collective mobilization of human resources in non-profit governance and on the importance of a complex and paradoxical approach to decision-making. The original theoretical approach (the stakeholder resource-based theory) also offers perspectives for NPOs, in times of crisis but also in more stable circumstances.

This article explores developmental processes in community-based issue domains and the effects of such processes on the federated referent organizations (FROs) that emerge to address problematic issues. Such organizations mobilize resources and serve as focal points for collective strategies. FROs encounter developmental tensions as they oscillate between adaptation to their environments and construction of new contexts. The way these tensions are resolved suggests three possible response scenarios: reorientation, replacement, or demise. Likely conditions for each scenario are explored. A case study of a federation of over 200 nonprofit organizations in a metropolitan region in the United States is used to illustrate the argument, and implications for similar types of organizations are indicated.

In spite of growing evidence of non-governmental organizations’ (NGOs) active participation in both bottom-up and top-down climate change policy negotiations and implementation, a research effort that focuses on the former barely exists. Grounded within the qualitative research approach, this paper contributes to the emerging climate policy literature by drawing on experiences from three purposefully selected non-state actors’ adaptation program in Ghana. The paper observes that through tripartite mechanisms—climate advocacy, direct climate service provision and local empowerment, NGOs significantly play a complementary role in building local adaptive capacities, especially among people who are already living at or close to the margins of survival. The paper again found that NGOs tacitly explore four interrelated “social tactics” (rulemaking, alliance brokerage, resource brokerage, and framing) to gain the cooperation of local actors for the implementation of adaptation interventions. In order to improve the performance and sustainability of adaptation interventions, the paper puts forward that NGOs should, among other things, harmonize their interventions to resonate with local interest and identity and also nurture capable project caretakers before community exit.

Background: The thinking healthy program (THP) is an evidence-based psychological intervention for perinatal depression designed for delivery by nonspecialist health workers. To ensure its relevance in Nepal, we adapted THP using the mental health Cultural Adaptation and Contextualization for Implementation (mhCACI) framework. Methods: Using mhCACI’s 10-step process, we applied a participatory approach involving a multidisciplinary team to adapt both content and implementation strategies. A qualitative study nested within a pilot trial was conducted to assess feasibility and acceptability of adapted THP through in-depth interviews with perinatal women (n = 20), family members (n = 11) and focus group discussions with Female Community Health Volunteers (FCHVs) (n = 16). Results: FCHVs were selected as delivery agents. Implementation adaptations included reducing the number of THP sessions from 16 to 8, integration of additional 2.5-day Foundational Helping Skills training and skill-based training methods. Manual revisions included simplified language, cultural idioms, visual aids and locally relevant examples. Referral pathways for gender-based violence, suicide and severe mental illness were included. The adapted THP was well received by providers and recipients. Conclusion: The adaptation demonstrates how global interventions can be contextually tailored for low-resource settings while preserving therapeutic integrity, offering a scalable model for community-based mental health care.