The International Neuropsychological Society (INS) Justice and Equity Subcommittee initiated a survey of neuropsychological academic training programs, clinical practices, and research across Africa, examining respondents’ interest in collaboration and their views on resources needed to advance the field.

This quantitative, cross-sectional study employed chain-referral sampling at higher education institutions identified via uniRank. Of the 1,244 institutions screened, 241 offered psychology or psychiatry coursework. A multilingual cover letter and survey link (English, Swahili, Arabic, French, Portuguese, Spanish) were distributed, yielding 42 respondents from 17 of 54 countries (≈31.5% country response rate).

Most respondents were clinical psychologists or neuropsychologists and reported 1–5 neuropsychologists per country. Neuropsychologists’ roles included cognitive assessment, research, teaching, and assisting in neurological diagnoses, primarily using tests developed outside Africa. Current research centered on the neuropsychological effects of psychiatric disorders, infectious diseases (e.g., HIV, cerebral malaria), and neurodevelopmental disorders, with future focus areas identified as traumatic brain injury and epilepsy. Educational and training opportunities remain limited. Key barriers to program development included insufficient numbers of trained neuropsychologists, clinical training sites, and employment prospects. Despite this, there is strong interest in collaboration to accelerate the development of neuropsychology and neurosciences, given the heavy burden of neurological disease.

To foster growth, efforts must target the creation of academic and clinical training pathways and the adaptation, standardization, and norming of assessment tools tailored to African populations. There exist ample impactful avenues for individual and organizational collaboration or support to further the global development of neuropsychology.

Existing evidence suggests a potential association between coffee consumption and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD, now known as MASLD), yet the nature of this relationship remains ambiguous. The primary objective of this study was to comprehensively investigate and clarify the association between coffee intake and the occurrence of NAFLD.

A cross-sectional study design was employed, analysing data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) spanning from 2013 to 2018. Weighted univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were utilised to assess the relationship between coffee consumption and NAFLD. Restricted cubic spline analysis was conducted to explore any potential nonlinear associations. Forest plots were generated to visualise the impact of coffee consumption on NAFLD across different subgroups, and threshold effect analysis was performed to evaluate the nonlinear relationship between coffee consumption and NAFLD prevalence specifically in women.

Data were from the US – representative NHANES.

8062 subjects aged ≥ 20 years were included.

The weighted prevalence of NAFLD among the participants was 44·18 %. After controlling for confounding variables, coffee consumption was found to be negatively associated with the risk of NAFLD (OR = 0·96, 95 % CI: 0·94, 0·99). The association between coffee consumption and NAFLD was observed to vary by gender and education level. For the prevention of NAFLD in women, the optimal coffee intake was determined to be two cups.

Increasing coffee intake emerges as a potentially effective non-pharmacological strategy for the prevention and management of NAFLD. Notably, for women, consuming two cups of coffee appears to represent the optimal threshold for maximising this beneficial effect.

To comprehensively investigate the factors associated with tsunami evacuation after the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE).

This cross-sectional study conducted a baseline survey between 2013 and 2016 and included 15,935 participants. The participants were asked to self-report whether they had evacuated after the GEJE and their basic characteristics, as well as their socio-behavioral, physical, lifestyle, and mental factors. The objective variable was the presence or absence of tsunami evacuation after the GEJE, and the explanatory variables were comprehensively explored with reference to previous studies.

Factors associated with the promotion of tsunami evacuation included being a woman, age 30-39 years, working, damage to houses, and participation in tsunami or earthquake evacuation drills before the GEJE. Factors associated with the inhibition of tsunami evacuation were over 60 years of age, higher education, living in areas unaffected by the GEJE, having a spouse, living with many cohabitants, having pets such as dogs or cats, and a high level of physical activity.

This study demonstrates the necessity of enhancing the evacuation processes of older adults, cohabitants, and households with pets. It is important to conduct evacuation drills and hold discussions about disasters within families and households.

To investigate associations between dietary intake and patterns of food preparation by age group.

This cross-sectional study analysed dietary intake data from the most recent Portuguese National Food, Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey. Cluster analysis categorised dietary intake based on the source of food preparation. Regression models were used to study the association between dietary daily intake, Healthy Eating Score (HES) and patterns of food preparation.

Portugal, using data representative of the Portuguese population.

A total of 5005 Portuguese residents aged 3–84 years were included in the analysis. Dietary intake and food preparation patterns were examined by age group.

The predominant pattern of food preparation was food prepared by restaurants, canteens and other away-from-home establishments (45·9 %, 95 % CI = 43·8, 48·1). Children and adolescents in this pattern had significantly higher intakes of energy and carbohydrates but lower protein intake compared with those consuming predominantly home-prepared foods. Among adults and the elderly, this pattern was associated with higher intakes of energy, saturated fats, trans fats and free sugars and lower fibre intake. Additionally, children and adolescents whose diets predominantly included food prepared away-from-home showed a decrease in HES (β = –0·7, 95 % CI = –1·3, –0·2), and adults experienced a greater reduction (β = –1·2, 95 % CI = –1·5, –0·9).

In Portugal, consuming food prepared away from home is associated with poorer dietary quality, with higher energy and unhealthy nutrient intake and lower HES, suggesting a need for interventions focused on promoting healthier food preparation practices.

This study investigates the level of knowledge and utilization of colorectal cancer (CRC) and prostate cancer (PCa) early detection measures (EDMs) over a period of 12 years in general practice from the patient’s perspective.

The role of general practitioners (GPs) in EDMs for CRC and PCa in Germany is not well-documented with comprehensive data.

We conducted a patient-centric survey in the German federal state of Berlin-Brandenburg at a 12-year interval to examine the role of GPs in EDMs for CRC and PCa. In 2009, 55 GPs were tasked with informing 50 consecutive male patients, each aged over 35, about participating in a survey study (study phase 1/SP1). To evaluate changes over 12 years, a new survey involving 50 male patients from each of 150 GPs was conducted from October 2021 to March 2022 (SP2).

We thoroughly reviewed the questionnaires of 890 patients, with 755 in SP1 and 135 in SP2. Patients showed greater awareness of recommendations regarding colonoscopy compared to prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing. GPs were the most frequently reported source of information for both EDMs in our cohort. Comparing the two study phases, no significant difference in specific awareness of colonoscopy or PSA testing was found among men eligible for EDMs. However, there was a notable increase in the role of health insurance companies as a source of information about colonoscopy over time. Nearly 60% of included patients underwent colonoscopy and/or PSA testing as EDMs.

The number of EDMs performed among study participants did not increase over time. Our study confirms that GPs remain the primary source of information about EDMs among the study participants.

Migraine can affect adults during their most productive years, yet few studies in Canada have examined the relationship between migraine-related disability and productivity loss. In particular, the impact of migraine on unpaid productivity loss has not been quantified.

In this cross-sectional study, employed adults living with migraine were recruited from across Canada to complete a web-based questionnaire. Migraine-related disability was assessed using the Migraine Disability Assessment questionnaire, and productivity loss was evaluated using the Valuation of Lost Productivity questionnaire. Multiple regression models were used to quantify the association between migraine-related disability level and productivity loss after adjusting for relevant clinical, occupational and sociodemographic covariates.

There were 441 participants, of which 60.1% were female, and the mean (SD) age was 37.7 (10.9). Compared to participants with little to no migraine-related disability, hours of total productivity loss were higher among those with moderate disability (54.1 [95% CI: 10.2–98.1] adjusted hours per 3 months) and severe disability (110.5 [95% CI: 65.5–155.6] adjusted hours per 3 months); paid productivity loss was higher among participants with moderate disability (32.4 [95% CI: 3.1–61.8] adjusted hours per 3 months) and severe disability (61.6 [95% CI: 31.5–91.7] adjusted hours per 3 months); and unpaid productivity loss was greater in those with severe disability (43.5 [95% CI: 12.7–74.3] adjusted hours per 3 months).

Greater migraine-related disability was associated with more total, paid and unpaid productivity loss among employed adults. These data will be valuable when evaluating the cost-effectiveness of emerging migraine therapies.

Healthy dietary patterns have been linked to lower levels of chronic inflammation. The present study aimed to investigate the associations between food group intakes and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) among community-dwelling adults.

Cross-sectional.

Three areas in Japan (Shiga, Fukuoka, or Kyushu and Okinawa).

The present analysis included 13 648 participants (5126 males and 8522 females; age range, 35–69 years) who had been enrolled in the baseline survey of the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort Study. Food group intakes were estimated using a FFQ. Multiple linear regression was used to examine associations between the quartiles of each energy-adjusted food group intake and log-transformed hsCRP.

The following concentration ratios of hsCRP after comparing the highest and lowest quartiles of food group intake were significant: in males, 1·12 (95 % CI 1·02, 1·22) for processed meat, 1·13 (95 % CI 1·03, 1·24) for fish and 0·83 (95 % CI 0·76, 0·90) for nuts; in females, 0·89 (95 % CI 0·81, 0·97) for bread, 1·11 (95 % CI 1·03, 1·19) for processed meat, 0·86 (95 % CI 0·80, 0·92) for vegetables, 1·19 (95 % CI 1·11, 1·29) for fruit, 0·90 (95 % CI 0·84, 0·97) for nuts and 0·88 (95 % CI 0·82, 0·95) for green tea.

Processed meat and nut intakes were associated with higher and lower hsCRP levels, respectively, in both sexes. However, for several food groups, including fish and fruit, previous findings from dietary pattern analyses were not supported by the present analyses at the food group level.

Although both psychological resilience and social support are widely believed to be effective in alleviating post-traumatic psychiatric symptoms in individuals with traumatic events, there has been a lack of comparative analysis of their intervention effects on different post-traumatic psychiatric symptoms. Furthermore, previous studies have mostly failed to control for potential confounding effects caused by different traumatic events.

We used the novel network analysis approach to examine the differential moderating effects of psychological resilience and social support on post-traumatic psychiatric symptoms, controlling for the confounding effects of traumatic events.

We recruited 264 front-line rescuers who experienced the same traumatic event. Quantified edge weights and bridge expected influence (BEI) were applied to compare the alleviating effects of psychological resilience and social support.

Our study revealed distinct correlations in a sample of front-line rescuers: social support negatively correlates more with psychosomatic symptoms, notably fatigue in depressive networks and sleep disturbance in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) networks, whereas psychological resilience shows fewer such correlations. Quantitative analysis using BEI indicated that psychological resilience more effectively suppresses depressive and anxiety symptom networks, whereas social support more significantly inhibits PTSD symptom networks.

The current study represents the first attempt to examine the differential effects of psychological resilience and social support on post-traumatic outcomes in real-world emergency rescuers, controlling for the confounding effect of traumatic events. Our results can act as the theoretical reference for future precise and efficient post-trauma psychological interventions.

To assess the selection of foods and beverages in children’s sports arenas in Norway.

A cross-sectional study design with a digital questionnaire was used. Descriptive statistics were used to present the results. Moreover, Pearson’s χ2 tests examined the factors that could aid in distinguishing clubs with healthy or unhealthy consumables.

Children’s sports clubs in Norway.

Representatives from 301 children’s sports clubs in Norway answered the questionnaire between September and November 2021.

In total, 89·4% of the participating sports clubs (n 301) offered soda drinks with sugar. Most of the sports clubs (88 %) reported to offer batter-based cakes such as pancakes and waffles and 63·8 % offered cakes. Furthermore, 47·5% sold hot dishes with processed meat, such as hamburgers and hot dogs. More than 80% of the sports clubs offered sweets and snacks, while 44·5% did not offer fruits, vegetables and/or berries. Notably, the important factors that distinguished sports clubs with healthier food selections from those with unhealthier selections were the presence of guidelines for the food offered and purchase agreements with food suppliers.

Educational, governmental guidelines for the promotion of healthy eating and establishing agreements with suppliers of healthier foods could help to overcome barriers to unhealthy food selection.

Addressing social determinants of health (SDOH) is fundamental to improving health outcomes. At a student-run free clinic, we developed a screening process to understand the SDOH needs and resource utilization of Milwaukee’s uninsured population.

In this cross-sectional study, we screened adult patients without health insurance (N = 238) for nine traditional SDOH needs as well as their access to dental and mental health care between October 2021 and October 2022. Patients were surveyed at intervals greater than or equal to 30 days. We assessed correlations between SDOH needs and trends in patient-reported resource usefulness.

Access to dental care (64.7%) and health insurance (51.3%) were the most frequently endorsed needs. We found significant correlations (P ≤ 0.05) between various SDOH needs. Notably, mental health access needs significantly correlated with dental (r = 0.41; 95% CI = 0.19, 0.63), medications (r = 0.51; 95% CI = 0.30, 0.72), utilities (r = 0.39; 95% CI = 0.17, 0.61), and food insecurity (r = 0.42; 95% CI = 0.19, 0.64). Food-housing (r = 0.55; 95% CI = 0.32, 0.78), housing-medications (r = 0.58; 95% CI = 0.35, 0.81), and medications-food (r = 0.53; 95% CI = 0.32, 0.74) were significantly correlated with each other. Longitudinal assessment of patient-reported usefulness informed changes in the resources offered.

Understanding prominent SDOH needs can inform resource offerings and interventions, addressing root causes that burden under-resourced patients. In this study, patient-reported data about resource usefulness prompted the curation of new resources and volunteer roles. This proof-of-concept study shows how longitudinally tracking SDOH needs at low-resource clinics can inform psychosocial resources.