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Throughout decades of research, motivation remains a vital part of psychology and other areas of the behavioural sciences. Frederick Toates explores this important psychological and biological process through an integrative account of how internal and external influences shape the decision making that guides and activates behaviour. Now extensively updated and expanded for modern readership, this textbook is equally accessible to undergraduates and engaging for academics. Drawing on psychology, neuroscience, and ethology, it presents a uniquely synthesised perspective of what motivates us. The chapters pull together diverse phenomena under one conceptual roof, including newly examined causes of behaviour such as the motivation associated with pain. Richly illustrated with personal anecdotes and examples from leading figures in the behavioural sciences, the text is accompanied by a test bank. This clear and supportive guide reveals how motivation systems take shape from the interactions between brain, body, and environment.
This Element centers the architectural and material worlds created by Ottoman imperial women, foregrounding their decisive role in shaping Istanbul at the end of the eighteenth century. Focusing on Mihrişah Valide Sultan and the sultan's sisters and female relatives, it examines how their patronage transformed the imperial harem at Topkapı Palace and extended into a network of waterfront mansions, charitable complexes, and suburban estates. Drawing on poetic inscriptions, archival correspondence, and visual sources, the study reconstructs the collaborative processes linking these women to stewards, builders, and artisans. It argues that their domestic and architectural interventions constituted powerful expressions of authority, visibility, and political agency within the empire.
What is human dignity? Kant's philosophy is a central inspiration for our contemporary conception that all human beings deserve respect – independently of their race, gender, religion, or social status. In this Element, I shall address four topics in Kant's moral philosophy: What specifically does one have to do (or refrain fromdoing) to respect a human being? What is the reason why one should respect human beings? What is dignity, that is, what does the term mean, and what kind of thing is it? Finally, in a short appendix, I shall address the questions: Do only human beings deserve respect; how could one extend it to nonhuman animals as well? In each section, I shall offer a range of different interpretations of how one can read Kant's texts, and I shall address their advantages and disadvantages. This gives readers the option to choose for themselves which reading is the most plausible interpretation of human dignity.
In this path-breaking history, Tobias Rupprecht offers a revisionist account of Russia's post-Soviet marketisation from the perspective of the advisors and ministers who oversaw this transformation. Based on extensive interviews with economists and research in state and private archives, he uncovers a significant minority of economic liberals from late Soviet academic and dissident circles who sought to chart a new path, believing free prices and private property were the foundations of a 'civilised country'. This provides a vital challenge to the dominant narrative that neoliberal advisors and organisations imposed harmful reforms on Russia after the collapse of Communism. Liberal reformers faced a profound dilemma – one for which Western advisors had no solution either: should they commit to democratic political activism and risk irrelevance, or align themselves with those in power and be co-opted by an authoritarian state determined to reassert its imperial strength?
This Element explores the transnational dynamics of Italian fascism and its reception in the Nordic countries from the foundation of Mussolini's Fasci di Combattimento (Combat Fasces) in 1919 to the onset of the Second World War. Although Italian fascism found fertile ground among far right movements and organisations in the Nordics, reactions varied significantly across Denmark, Norway, Sweden, and Finland. The Element emphasises the ideological influence of the March on Rome and highlights how the Nordic far right drew inspiration from Mussolini's regime while also adapting to local contexts. By examining the intricate connections between Nordic and Italian fascisms, this Element aims to provide a nuanced understanding of the complexities of fascism's international appeal, illustrating how local political situations shaped the diverse expressions of fascism in the region and the interplay between fascist ideologies and anti-Bolshevism.
How do voters form left–right images of political parties? This Element applies the theoretical framework of ecologically rational heuristic inference to synthesize insights from the extensive literature on the meaning of left and right in politics. It proposes several hypotheses about cues that voters with varying levels of political sophistication use to infer parties' left–right positions. These expectations are tested through seven conjoint and factorial survey experiments in Germany, Denmark, Canada, and the UK. Findings show that many voters develop sensible left–right perceptions of parties by relying on small sets of highly predictive cues. However, voters differ in how they interpret these cues. Less politically sophisticated voters tend to infer party positions mainly from partisan signals, whereas more sophisticated voters rely on a broader range of indicators, including party policies, ideological values, and social group support. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
The culmination of years of teaching experience, this book provides a modern introduction to the mathematical theory of interacting particle systems. Assuming a background in probability and measure theory, it has been designed to support a one-semester course at a Master or Ph.D. level. It also provides a useful reference for researchers, containing several results that have not appeared in print in this form before. An emphasis is placed on graphical representations, which are used to give a construction that is intuitively easier to grasp than the traditional generator approach. Also included is an extensive look at duality theory, along with discussions of mean-field methods, phase transitions and critical behaviour. The text is illustrated with the results of numerical simulations and features exercises in every chapter. The theory is demonstrated on a range of models, reflecting the modern state of the subject and highlighting the scope of possible applications.
This Element introduces the Existential-Spiritual Psychotherapy framework as a promising clinical and research tool and then integrates it with the three pillars of the Multicultural Orientation framework. Section 1 presents Existential-Spiritual Psychotherapy by exploring how spirituality and religion intersect with existentialism and how all three relate to psychotherapy, psychological symptoms, well-being, and flourishing. Section 2 details the Existential-Spiritual Narrative as a roadmap that offers a process framework and introduces the integration of dynamic and culturally sensitive symbols. Section 3 explores existential-spiritual comfort, encouraging therapists' self-awareness around spiritual themes. Section 4 identifies common existential-spiritual opportunities, helping clinicians recognize and engage culturally embedded spiritual content. Section 5 discusses existential-spiritual humility, promoting a posture of humble expertise when navigating spiritual material. Throughout, the authors offer an empirically informed, culturally attuned framework while promoting a dialectical balance in integrating spirituality and religion into psychotherapy.
This Element critically explores the notion of climate education in the humanities and how it should embrace the teaching, learning, and research of second and heritage languages (SL/HL), starting with basic language programs. Because language is inseparable from the spheres where climate narratives and discourses circulate. The interconnectedness between language (as discourse), sociolinguistics, culture, social justice, and the climate crisis entails an approach to Climate Humanities that requires a paradigmatic and epistemological turn. By addressing how SL/HL education works and whom it serves, the Element proposes a root-level curricular and program transformation for advancing an equitable language classroom with a focus on climate and sustainability. Comprehensive sections delve into three applied teaching principles: (1) critical analysis and decentralization of climate discourse, (2) contextualization of language teaching, and (3) transdisciplinarity. Examples for classroom implementation showcase praxis in action to practitioners and researchers, and emerging questions and future directions are discussed.
Exactly a decade after the publication of the Sz.-Nagy dilation theorem, Tsuyoshi Ando proved that, just like for a single contractive operator, every commuting pair of Hilbert-space contractions can be lifted to a commuting isometric pair. Although the inspiration for Ando's proof comes from the elegant construction of Schäffer for the single-variable case, his proof did not shed much light on the explicit nature of the dilation operators and the dilation space as did the original Schäffer and Douglas constructions for a single contraction. Consequently, there has been little follow-up in the direction of a more systematic extension of the Sz.-Nagy–Foias dilation and model theory to the bivariate setting. Sixty years since the appearance of Ando's first step comes this thorough systematic treatment of a dilation and model theory for pairs of commuting contractions.
The study of English usage has to take account of changes in grammar, word choice and nuances of communication. In recent decades, developments in linguistic methodologies have catalysed modifications In our approach to linguistic variation, with perspectives changing from a primarily prescriptive to a more descriptive approach. Bringing together contributions from a team of distinguished scholars, this book explores sociolinguistic and structural dimensions of variability in English usage through new research and methods such as corpora and survey instruments. It embraces the variety and diversity of English usage, exploring global attitudes towards language, including examples from countries where English is either a first language, such as Australia and Britain, to second language users from China, South Africa and beyond. Variability is investigated across both a number of media and registers, while lively and engaging discourse is used to introduce the global language landscape to anyone interested in this fascinating field.
Hector Berlioz combined writing music with lively and informed music criticism. This collection of articles, engagingly translated by Roger Nichols, covers the middle years of his critical career.
PRESTO MUSIC BOOK OF THE MONTH JUNE 2025
Berlioz's music criticism from 1837 to 1850 covers a period druing which he composed some of his finest works, and travelled abroad to perform them before appreciative audiences in Germany, Russia, and England. Roger Nichols has chosen and translated extracts from fifty-eight articles of particular interest, with commentary and notes identifying people mentioned. Berlioz scholars Peter Bloom and Julian Rushton provide an informative introduction and a comprehensive editorial apparatus.
In the selected articles Berlioz discusses Paris performances of early and modern music, including new operas and revivals, and concerts at the Paris Conservatoire. He comments freely but with understanding on conductors, singers and instrumentalists. The essays demonstrate the composer's concern with innovation in the design of musical instruments and assess the quality of performing venues. Berlioz writes on the musical life of London, France, and Germany, most entertainingly about the inauguration of statues of Beethoven and Rossini. The selection is framed by major articles on "Imitation in Music" and on Gluck's opera Alceste.
Tells the story of the 1,500 or so common seamen of the American merchant marine who were held as prisoners of war in France during the Napoleonic Wars.
Based on extensive original research, this book tells the story of the 1,500 or so common seamen of the American merchant marine who were held as prisoners of war in France during the Napoleonic Wars. Although the United States was neutral, Napoleon interpreted neutrality narrowly, and included among the enemy merchants doing business with the enemy and seamen working on enemy vessels. Drawing on remarkably full source material in French, American and British archives, including the seamen's letters, their pleas for help to the consuls, the correspondence about them between the French authorities and the US diplomatic service, and the British Admiralty lists of prisoners, the book reveals a great deal about who these seamen were, and about their vastly different experience in French prisons. It contrasts their fate with that of British seamen and officers, discusses the labyrinthine maritime laws that ensnared the seamen and how their nationality, in an era before passports, was determined, charts the establishment of the US consular service, first established at this time to help "distressed American seamen", and relates the American seamen's experiences to the wider scholarly literature. Throughout, the book includes fascinating case studies of the adventures and misadventures of individual seamen.
Examines in detail the full legal process of prize law from capture of the prize to payment of the prize money.
Naval historians are well aware that prize money was a huge incentive for British naval officers and sailors during the eighteenth century and much has been written about prize taking and the associated fighting. What is much less known about are the processes which then followed, the legal process which confirmed that the prize was lawful, or otherwise, the valuation and sale of the prize, the allocation and distribution of the prize money.
Based on extensive original research and including detailed case studies this book takes the reader through the full process from capture to payment. It outlines prize law, explores the role of prize agents, and discusses how the courts worked when considering prize cases. It covers appeals, examines how some naval officers gained great wealth through prize taking with others being much less successful, and highlights how particular individuals influenced the process. Throughout the reader follows the stories of individual captains and their struggles and triumphs in the prize law process.
Unlock the secrets of scientific articles with CERIC: Claim, Evidence, Reasoning, Implications, and Context. This approachable guide helps readers break down dense articles into their core arguments using a focused hunt-and-seek approach, enabling deeper insight and engagement with the research literature. Each chapter features worked examples drawn from multiple scientific disciplines, pre-empts common misunderstandings, and provides knowledge checks to reinforce learning. Readers emerge able to identify and evaluate claims and evidence, spot gaps in reasoning, and articulate their findings through presentations and literature critiques – skills essential for success in higher education, industry, and informed citizenship. Whether you are an undergraduate tackling your first research article, a graduate student preparing a literature review, or an instructor teaching scientific literacy, the evidence-based CERIC Method transforms reading apprehension into confidence. Accompanying student and instructor supplements can be found online, with further discipline-specific examples and guidance on course preparation and professional development.
An absorbing study of the development and reception of musical culture in Ireland by a pioneering and deservedly renowned author.
This volume is a collection of fourteen essays on the history and reception of Irish music and music in Ireland. It addresses three prevailing themes: the historiography of Irish music, the influence of music on Irish writing (and vice versa), and the cultural identity and reception of Irish music both domestically and in the world at large. Its principal protagonists include Thomas Moore, W. H. Grattan Flood, George Moore, Edward Martyn, Charles Villiers Stanford, James Joyce, Dora Pejačević, Ina Boyle, Aloys Fleischmann and Jennifer Walshe. These essays also identify and interrogate key questions underpinning a general crisis of reception in relation to Irish music, and particularly art music, within the domain of Irish studies. Fieldwork examines this crisis in the aftermath of The Encyclopaedia of Music in Ireland (published in 2013) and a major retrospective of Irish art music, Composing the Island (curated and presented in 2016). It thereby engages closely with contemporary Irish art music and the challenges which this music has faced in the early decades of the twenty-first century.
This well-conceived and beautifully written work testifies to Harry White's central place in the shaping of the discourse surrounding the cultural history of Irish music over the last 40 years. White's gift for expression and memorably poetic turns of phrase allows the complexity of ideas and range of historical and literary knowledge examined in these essays to be deftly excavated and evaluated. Curiosity, provocativeness, imagination and literature are threaded through his exploration of how Irish history and experience have been imagined musically.
Starting from ancient astronomy, this text follows the development of celestial mechanics culminating in applications of the most recent results concerning stability of planetary orbits: Kolmogorov's and Nekhoroshev's theorems. Key topics covered include: a historical introduction from ancient astronomy to Kepler and Newton; Lagrange's perturbation theory; the problem of three bodies, with a discussion of Levi-Civita regularization and of Sundman's theorem; methods of algebraic calculation of perturbation series, including a discussion of non-convergence due to the accumulation of small divisors; and a complete application of Kolmogorov's and Nekhoroshev's theorems. Written in an accessible, self-contained way with few prerequisites, this book can serve as an introductory text for senior undergraduate and graduate students, and for young researchers. Its approach allows students to learn about perturbation methods leading to advanced results.
Examines a selection of Charles I's people, exploring their aspirations and discontents, their engagement with kindred and colleagues, and central authority, in an age they recognized as 'troubled'.
This book examines the lives and circumstances of a variety of English men and women in the decades before the English Civil War, and follows some of them to the Restoration. It introduces a selection of Charles I's people, some of them previously undocumented, and explores their aspirations and discontents, their engagement with their kindred, their colleagues and central authority. These were members of the clerical, professional and commercial classes or from the minor gentry and aristocratic fringe - the backbone of the political nation - engaged, in various ways, with military, governmental, ecclesiastical or commercial affairs.
Most feature little in previous historical studies, but key moments in their lives are reconstructed here from scattered references or rare collections. They are shown negotiating the shoals of ambition and opportunity, kinship and patronage, religious anxiety and personal distress, in an age they recognized as 'troubled'. Preoccupied by their own careers and comforts, and driven by personal anxieties and ambitions, Charles I's subjects coped with the pressures of public occurrences and the business of church and state. In that regard they shared some stresses with our own age, though theirs eventuated in civil war and revolution.
First English translation of an unjustly overlooked novel by the great German realist novelist Theodor Fontane.
Set in Austria and Hungary in the 1870s, this novel is the story of Count Adam Petöfy, a lifelong bachelor, who at age seventy, unexpectedly proposes marriage to a young actress, Franziska Franz. He explains that he is only looking for companionship and affectionate regard - apart from this, he will give Franziska carte blanche. Despite their differences of age, class, and background, they marry. Adam takes Franziska, now Countess Petöfy, from Vienna to his family's ancestral estates in the Hungarian countryside. Here they begin their new life: a life of ease and privilege - but later, of struggles which neither has anticipated.
Count Petöfy has been a neglected book, even in Germany, and has been overshadowed by Fontane's celebrated "Berlin" novels, such as Effi Briest. This first-ever English translation will allow a wider audience to read and study Count Petöfy for its exploration of missteps and the limits of self-realization, of questions of gender and social convention, of honour and duty; and for a narrative craft that reveals and conceals at the same time. The translation is bookended by contributions from two noted Fontane scholars: a contextualizing introduction by Brian Tucker, who has written on Count Petöfy before, and an afterword by Helen Chambers on the novel's relationship to the novelist's other works.
The arts are many things: a source of entertainment, an industry, and even in some cases a luxury item or status symbol. In this book, a philosopher and a cognitive scientist argue that, most foundationally, the arts are fundamental to who we are, a source of transformation and transcendence. Drawing on real-world examples – from visual art and poetry, to music and performance – they offer a powerful framework for understanding how art engagement fosters intellectual growth and emotional insight. Each chapter features thought-provoking artworks that invite readers to reflect on their own experiences and grapple with essential questions about empathy, creativity, and what it means to live well. Rich in scholarship yet grounded in everyday relevance, this work offers fresh ways to think about the role of the arts in both individual and collective life. It offers the perfect jumping-off point for anyone curious about how the arts shape our minds.