Abordamos aquí la problemática de la identificación de los referentes de los motivos rupestres de la localidad arqueológica de El Carrizal. Hasta el momento, la gran mayoría de las imágenes de cuadrúpedos ha sido reconocida como una representación de camélido, al tiempo que frecuentemente dichos atributos coexisten con otros propios de otras especies. Calculamos las proporciones anatómicas de las imágenes de cuadrúpedos plasmadas en los distintos paneles de los sitios, con el fin de compararlos con casos de referencia de otros ámbitos del Noroeste Argentino. Analizamos los rangos de variación de dichas proporciones en los sitios de referencia y los de El Carrizal, donde destacan, en primer lugar, una alta frecuencia de representación de terminaciones perpendiculares en las extremidades, asimilables a vasaduras; y, en segundo lugar, una longitud de cola mayor a aquellas propias del camélido, según se registra en las variedades vivientes actuales. Al comparar estas imágenes con las de cuadrúpedos del arte alfarero santamariano, interpretamos la presencia de este último rasgo (en figuras con el resto de los atributos asimilables a los de los camélidos), como expresión de un ser híbrido o quimérico, para el cual proponemos el nombre de “zoomorfo de naturaleza múltiple”.

En este trabajo presentamos el hallazgo, la identificación y el análisis de dos colecciones de artefactos etnográficos fueguinos recolectados por Martin Gusinde durante sus trabajos de campo con los pueblos originarios Selk'nam, Yagan y Kawésqar en Tierra del Fuego entre 1918 y 1924, y luego transportados a dos museos europeos. Se trata de 391 artefactos etnográficos fueguinos resguardados en el Missionshaus Sankt Gabriel y el Weltmuseum, ubicados en Viena (Austria). Identificamos los artefactos según la sociedad fueguina que los produjo: 118 selk'nam, 125 yagan y 83 kawésqar; y los analizamos de acuerdo a la clase de artefacto, morfología y materia prima. Caracterizamos así cada colección y la estudiamos de forma comparativa, evaluando su proveniencia e infiriendo que su “representatividad etnográfica” puede ser asignada a Gusinde. Sin embargo, las colecciones son internamente heterogéneas, y muestran recurrencias inter-colección que remiten a las distintas agencias de los pueblos originarios fueguinos, mostrando cómo la ontología de la colección subsume no sólo la agencia del coleccionista, sino también la agencia de los productores/usuarios originarios de los artefactos.

The examination of funerary landscapes in ancient Egypt has traditionally encountered challenges in establishing comprehensive perspectives that could facilitate the formulation of theories explaining the paradigms governing the creation and evolution of these spaces. Indeed, in recent decades, with the advent of new methodological and epistemological approaches, certain foundational principles explaining the placement of necropolises, the organization of tombs and the symbolism inherent to these environments have been called into question. This article seeks to introduce a fresh perspective on the Egyptian funerary landscape and its role in shaping cosmogonic narratives, establishing sacred spaces and contributing to the cultural transmission of these elements. Employing a methodological framework rooted in emerging fields of study like cognitive archaeology, fractal geometry and a reexamination of Egyptian protoculture, we aim to provide a novel understanding of this landscape. Given the evidence we have presented, it has become necessary to articulate a new concept that crystallizes these innovative viewpoints and offers a fresh interpretive framework for the study of landscape archaeology, not only within Egyptology but also in the broader realm of archaeology as a whole.

Grand solar minima are periods spanning from decades to more than a century during which solar activity is unusually low. A cluster of such minima occurred during the last millennium, as evidenced by reductions in the numbers of sunspots observed and coeval increases in cosmogenic isotope production. Prior to the period of instrumental records, natural archives of such isotopes are the only resources available for detecting grand solar minima. Here, we examine the period 433–315 BCE, which saw a sustained increase in the production of the cosmogenic isotope, radiocarbon. Our new time series of radiocarbon data (Δ14C), obtained on cellulose extracted from known-age oak tree rings from Germany, reveal that the rise in production that occurred at this time was commensurate with patterns observed over recent grand solar minima. Our data also enhance, and to a degree challenge, the accuracy of the international atmospheric radiocarbon record over this period.

Behavioural studies suggest that awareness of one's mortality, known as mortality salience, enhances the inclination to respond positively to prevailing societal values, fostering an adherence to social practices, for example, the treatment of the dead. Nevertheless, when acceptance of these societal values wanes, there is an increased motivation for their modification. This results in a series of subtle changes that eventually reshape the entire set of practices that define a community's social identity. This paper delves into the impact of mortality salience on the emergence, maintenance, and evolution of mortuary practices in south and west Messenia during the Middle Helladic and Late Helladic periods (c. 2050/2000 bce to 1200/1190 bce). This analysis explores how individuals addressed their mortality salience by adjusting their proximal (e.g. practices) and distal (e.g. ideology) defences. Moreover, it incorporates the notion of the ‘taming of the terror’, suggesting that individuals may adopt new practices as a strategy to manage or alleviate the fear associated with mortality. The analysis explores the introduction of new practices, providing valuable insights into how people navigate and comprehend the existential challenges brought about by the recognition of their mortality.

This article articulates a regional, diachronic approach to precontact central Andean tombs by interpreting differences in materiality and function as evidence for distinct religious traditions. I analyze a sample of 788 tombs from 30 sites in the Sacred Valley and adjacent tributary valleys (Cusco, Peru), built and used during the Late Intermediate and Inka periods (ca. AD 1000–1532). Combining primary and published datasets, this sample includes a wide variety of tombs that variably facilitated or impeded certain interactions and relationships between the living, the dead, and the environment. To understand this diversity, I develop a typology comprising six tomb types based on morphological traits, which exhibit overlapping distribution patterns at local and regional scales. In contrast to studies that emphasized commonality and timelessness in central Andean mortuary practices, these data attest to considerable diversity in belief and value systems during half a millennium. As such, this study challenges existing models and presents new interpretations of late precontact tombs, considering that central Andeans across time and space held divergent beliefs about life and death. Recognizing diversity in past and present Indigenous societies is required for an empirical and decolonial archaeology that rejects stereotypes of cultural homogeneity.

In 2017, the authors supervised the recovery of a pre-Hispanic stone sculpture near the community of La Victoria, in the Sierra de los Tuxtlas, southern Veracruz, Mexico. The fortuitous discovery of this monument afforded a rare research opportunity to conduct a controlled, systematic archaeological investigation of a known, but poorly documented, Early Classic–period (a.d. 300–450) sculptural tradition. Moreover, this archaeological salvage project facilitated a crucial dialogue with local stakeholders regarding the recovery and final disposition of the monument. This collaborative effort enabled researchers to wed governmental oversight and academic interests with the concerns of local stakeholders, thereby furthering the investigation, conservation, and public appreciation of Classic-period archaeology along Mexico's southern Gulf Lowlands.