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This chapter focuses on the technology-based interfaces/mechanisms used for voting, and the legal rules specifying the user experience of those electronic technologies used for voting. A legal history of electronic mechanisms for voting is presented, with a focus on the most influentual current Federal statutes--the Help America Vote Act (HAVA) and The Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act (UOCAVA).
There is today a growing variety of types of memory mediations that often go further than memorialisation and heritage-building. Comics are undoubtedly part of this movement as their verbal-visual storytelling form tends to prompt layered responses from reader-viewers. Reader-viewers find themselves surprised, moved, and transformed by that reading experience. In this article, we take as a case study a comic page laying out the impact of agriculture’s industrial organisation in France shared by Les Soulèvements de la Terre (The Earth Uprisings) and its sister organisation, the Bassines Non Merci collective. It is a good example to address our central questions of how multimodal languages such as this one-page comic facilitate the process of transformative learning and how such multimodal forms allow one to move from memory-making, crystallising a specific event, to an amplification of engagement that leads to collective action. In short, it allows us to study the specific mechanisms and affordances that multimodal modes of communication, such as comics, possess as tools for transformative learning. In the first section of the article, we investigate the different types of relational engagement that can lead to transformative learning in comics. The second section focusses more specifically on emotions and their role in transformative learning. Finally, we look at the specific comics mechanisms that support transformative learning. Specifically, we look at how comics create a disjunction, give meaning to that disjunction, and help reader-viewers practise real or imaginary resolution that impact identity formation.
This chapter provides (1) an overview of human subjects research in HCI; (2) a brief history of legal regulation for human subjects research in the United States; (3) an overview of applicable laws and how these are operationalized for academic research via university Institutional Review Boards (IRBs); (4) challenges for HCI research specifically under this regulatory regime; and (5) regulatory mechanisms for research beyond formal law, including professional responsibility and social norms.
Despite the increasing environmental awareness, sustainable products are not routinely adopted, revealing a persistent attitude–behavior gap. While this gap has been widely studied through psychological and behavioral approaches, less attention has been given to how product design attributes shape users’ perceptions and influence their interaction with products. Therefore, this article aims to explore the literature on the role of design attributes in this context, analyzing how product design attributes and sustainability cues affect user experience and product-related decisions. Based on a systematic literature review process, 52 articles were extracted from the SCOPUS database. These articles were classified and analyzed according to their main objectives. Based on the findings, attribute centrality (i.e., whether a product feature is perceived as central or peripheral to the product’s identity) and product category (utilitarian or hedonic) are relevant to shape environmental attitudes and behavior. Specifically, sustainability cues tend to be perceived more negatively in utilitarian products, where functionality is prioritized, and more positively in hedonic products, where they may enhance emotional value, especially when perceived as central attributes. Therefore, these characteristics must be strategically integrated in product design to reduce the perceived trade-off between sustainability and performance. The review conclusions highlight the need for further investigation to identify how specific product design attributes resulting from the application of ecodesign principles trigger sustainability perception.
This chapter provides an introduction to the core concepts of HCI, for those with a legal background but not an HCI background. The chapter covers the history of HCI, the role of the individual user, different disciplines contributing to the "waves of HCI", the key role of design in HCI, HCI organizations, and doing user research.
Artificial Intelligence is an area of law where legal frameworks are still in early stages. The chapter discusses some of the core HCI-related concerns with AI, including deepfakes, bias and discrimination, and concepts within AI and intellectual property including AI infringement and AI protection
This chapter will delve into the relationship between intellectual property (IP) and human-computer interaction (HCI), examining how intellectual property rights and limitations influence the design process, drive technological progress, and shape user experiences.The chapter provides detailed discussions of the three main types of IP providing recognition and/or financial benefit for what people invent or create: patent, copyright, and trademark.
This chapter focuses on treaties, which can be established between individual countries or can be multilateral, such as those involving the United Nations. While much of the international law that impacts the U.S. is in the form of a treaty, there are also international laws that impact HCI in the U.S., such as the GDPR. Because the focus of this book is on U.S. law, the reason why only certain treaties and international laws are discussed in this chapter relates to their direct relevance or strong influence on U.S. law and HCI.
This chapter covers the core concepts of digital accessibility, including different definitions of accessibility, born-accessible design, technical standards for accessibility such as WCAG and EPUB3, core legal rules for accessibility including Section 504 and Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act, the Americans with Disabilities Act, the Air Carrier Access Act, and the 21st Century Communications and Video Accessibility Act, as well as state laws related to digital accessibility. This chapter also describes concepts in the legal framework including effective communications and nexus.