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106107 results in Materials Science

Page 205 of 5306

  • High-performance elastocaloric materials for the engineering of bulk- and micro-cooling devices

  • Jan Frenzel, Gunther Eggeler, Eckhard Quandt, Stefan Seelecke, Manfred Kohl
  • Journal:
    MRS Bulletin / Volume 43 / Issue 4 / April 2018
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    11 April 2018, pp. 280-284
    Print publication:
    April 2018

  • Pseudoelastic NiTi-based shape-memory alloys (SMAs) have recently received attention as candidate materials for solid-state refrigeration. The elastocaloric effect in SMAs exploits stress-induced martensitic transformation, which is associated with large latent heat. Most importantly, cyclic mechanical loading/unloading provides large adiabatic temperature drops exceeding 25 K at high process efficiencies. This article summarizes the underlying principles, important material parameters and process requirements, and reviews recent progress in the development of pseudoelastic SMAs with large coefficients of performance, as well as very good functional fatigue resistance. The application potential of SMA film and bulk materials is demonstrated for the case of cyclic tensile loading/unloading in prototypes ranging from miniature-scale devices to large-scale cooling units.

  • Bio Focus: Flexoelectricity found in bone

  • Vineet Venugopal
  • Journal:
    MRS Bulletin / Volume 43 / Issue 4 / April 2018
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    11 April 2018, pp. 254-255
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    April 2018
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  • MRS Communications Abstracts

  • Journal:
    MRS Bulletin / Volume 43 / Issue 4 / April 2018
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    11 April 2018, pp. 300-302
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    April 2018
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  • Multicaloric materials and effects

  • Enric Stern-Taulats, Teresa Castán, Lluís Mañosa, Antoni Planes, Neil D. Mathur, Xavier Moya
  • Journal:
    MRS Bulletin / Volume 43 / Issue 4 / April 2018
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    11 April 2018, pp. 295-299
    Print publication:
    April 2018

  • Multicaloric materials show thermal changes that can be driven simultaneously or sequentially by more than one type of external field. The use of more than one driving field can induce larger thermal changes, with smaller field magnitudes, over wider ranges of operating temperature, and can also eliminate hysteresis in one control parameter by transferring it to another. The thermodynamics behind multicaloric effects is well established, but only a small number of multicaloric materials have been experimentally studied to date. Here, we describe the fundamentals of multicaloric effects and discuss the performance of representative multicaloric materials. Exploiting multicaloric effects could aid the future development of cooling devices, where key challenges include energy efficiency and the span of the operating temperature.

  • Magnetocaloric materials for refrigeration near room temperature

  • Anja Waske, Markus E. Gruner, Tino Gottschall, Oliver Gutfleisch
  • Journal:
    MRS Bulletin / Volume 43 / Issue 4 / April 2018
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    11 April 2018, pp. 269-273
    Print publication:
    April 2018

  • This article overviews the current status of magnetocaloric materials for room-temperature refrigeration. We discuss the underlying mechanism of the magnetocaloric effect and illustrate differences between first- and second-order type materials starting with gadolinium as a reference system. Beyond the key functional properties of magnetocaloric materials, the adiabatic temperature, and entropy change, we briefly address the criticality of the most promising materials in terms of their supply risk. Looking at practical applications, suitable geometries and processing routes for magnetocaloric heat exchangers for device implementation are introduced.

  • MRS volume 43 issue 4 Cover and Back matter

  • Journal:
    MRS Bulletin / Volume 43 / Issue 4 / April 2018
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    11 April 2018, pp. b1-b2
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    April 2018
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  • Probing the buried interface between graphite layers

  • YuHao Liu
  • Journal:
    MRS Bulletin / Volume 43 / Issue 4 / April 2018
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    11 April 2018, pp. 253-254
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    April 2018
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  • CAREER CENTRAL

  • Journal:
    MRS Bulletin / Volume 43 / Issue 4 / April 2018
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    11 April 2018, p. 311
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    April 2018
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  • The materials science and engineering undergraduate enrollment floodgates are open

  • R. Allen Kimel, Susan B. Sinnott
  • Journal:
    MRS Bulletin / Volume 43 / Issue 4 / April 2018
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    11 April 2018, pp. 257-261
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    April 2018
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  • Energy Focus: Influence of grain boundaries on Li-ion conductivity characterized at atomic scale

  • Tianyu Liu
  • Journal:
    MRS Bulletin / Volume 43 / Issue 4 / April 2018
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    11 April 2018, pp. 255-256
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    April 2018
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  • Bio Focus: Health monitoring reaches new heights with human trials of ingestible sensor

  • Rahim Munir
  • Journal:
    MRS Bulletin / Volume 43 / Issue 4 / April 2018
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    11 April 2018, p. 256
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    April 2018
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  • EU aviation and shipping face big challenges in reducing environmental impact

  • Journal:
    MRS Bulletin / Volume 43 / Issue 4 / April 2018
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    11 April 2018, p. 263
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    April 2018
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  • MRS volume 43 issue 4 Cover and Front matter

  • Journal:
    MRS Bulletin / Volume 43 / Issue 4 / April 2018
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    11 April 2018, pp. f1-f6
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    April 2018
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  • Queer identities in materials science and engineering

  • Keith J. Bowman, Lynnette D. Madsen
  • Journal:
    MRS Bulletin / Volume 43 / Issue 4 / April 2018
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    11 April 2018, pp. 303-307
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    April 2018
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  • What does queer mean? And how does identifying as queer affect one’s day-to-day life in the arena of materials science and engineering (MSE)? Although when I was growing up, “queer” was treated as an offensive term, queer has been adopted by a growing number of folks who do not conform to traditional societal conventions.1 This encompasses lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender, non-binary, intersex, asexual or other broadly related groups (LGBTQ+), and any similarly aligned subpopulations of humanity that can be broadly defined as gender and sexual minorities (GSM).2–4 Identity is an important attribute that has been tied to the effectiveness of efforts to broaden participation in science5 and engineering.6,7 Identity is important because our sense of self is derived from others, as are the social constructs that establish hierarchies on what is desirable or normal.8 If we associate success in a particular career path with a particular identity (e.g., heterosexual, cis-gender, white male), and our identity is other than that, we may carry an extra burden in achieving success in that career path.9 And, as we all have multiple identities (race, ethnicity, gender, religion) based upon various aspects of our backgrounds, it is evident that personal identities that coincide with the norms of a particular professional role are the easiest. The impacts of identity on self-efficacy are inherent to both imposter syndrome10 and stereotype threat.11

  • LOOK AGAIN

  • Journal:
    MRS Bulletin / Volume 43 / Issue 4 / April 2018
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    11 April 2018, p. 312
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    April 2018
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  • Sophie Robinson: Environmentalist and film producer

  • Humaira Taz
  • Journal:
    MRS Bulletin / Volume 43 / Issue 4 / April 2018
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    11 April 2018, p. 308
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    April 2018
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  • Advanced Transmission Electron Microscopy: Imaging and Diffraction in Nanoscience by Jian Min Zuo and John C.H. Spence

  • Journal:
    MRS Bulletin / Volume 43 / Issue 4 / April 2018
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    11 April 2018, p. 310
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    April 2018
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  • Optical blasting of polycrystals manipulates grain boundaries

  • Ahmad R. Kirmani
  • Journal:
    MRS Bulletin / Volume 43 / Issue 4 / April 2018
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    11 April 2018, p. 253
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    April 2018
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Page 205 of 5306