In the classical geometry of Banach spaces the notions of smoothness, uniform smoothness, strict and uniform convexity introduced by Day [1] and Clarkson [2] play a very important role and are used in many branches of functional analysis ([3,4,5], for example). In recent years a lot of papers have appeared containing interesting generalizations of these notions in terms of a measure of noncompactness. These new concepts investigated in this paper as near uniform smoothness, local near uniform smoothness and modulus of near smoothness have been introduced by Stachura and Sekowski [6] and Banaś [7] (see also [8,9]).

The E-functions were defined by MacRobert [3] in 1937; they are denoted by E (p; αr: q; ps. z).

In § 3 of this paper, I prove a new expansion for E(p; αr: q; ps: z) which is similar to an expansion due to MacRobert [2], viz.,

where

In this paper we introduce the spaces of Hankel convolutors. We characterize the dual spaces of certain Hankel transformable function spaces as spaces of Hankel convolutors. Here the Hankel convolution and the Hankel transformation play an important role.

The purpose of this short note is to give a new and shorter proof of the following theorem of Johnson [1], and to extend it somewhat.

Theorem 1. Let G be a finite non-cyclic p-group possessing a non-empty subset X such that, for each x in X, <X/{x}>G′ is a complement for <x> in G. Then the Schur multiplier of G is non-trivial.

In this brief note, we evaluate certain quartic and octic Gauss sums with the use of theorems on fourth and eighth power difference sets. We recall that a subset H of a finite (additive) abelian group G is said to be a difference set of G [5, p. 64] if for some fixed natural number λ, every nonzero element of G can be written as a difference of two elements of H fin exactly λ ways.

1. Suppose throughout that a, k are positive numbers and that p is the integer such that k—l≦p<k. Suppose also that φ(w), ψ(w) are functions with absolutely continuous (p+1)th derivatives in every interval [a, W] and that φ(w) is positive and unboundedly increasing. Let λ ={λn} be an unboundedly increasing sequence with λ1 > 0.

Given a series and a number m ≧0, we write

otherwise,

and A(w) = AO(w).

An important step in the proof of Kostrikin's fundamental theorem [2] on finite groups of prime exponent is the following result.

Theorem 1. Let L be a Lie algebra of characteristic p satisfying the t-th Engel condition for some t<p, and suppose that L is generated by elements that are right-Engel of length 2. Then L is locally nilpotent.

The purpose of this paper is to prove a theorem which concerns the normal subgroup of a free product Π generated by a given subset Ω. This theorem was stated in the first paper of this series (Britton [1]) and an application was made to the word problem. The present work is, however, independent.

Recently we introduced the notion of an MS-algebra as a common abstraction of a de Morgan algebra and a Stone algebra [2]. Precisely, an MS-algebra is an algebra 〈L; ∧, ∨ ∘, 0, 1〉 of type 〈2, 2, 1, 0, 0〉 such that 〈L; ∧, ∨, 0, 1〉 is a distributive lattice with least element 0 and greatest element 1, and x → x∘ is a unary operation such that x ≤ x∘∘, (x ∧ y)∘ = x∘ ∨ y∘ and 1∘ = 0. It follows that ∘ is a dual endomorphism of L and that L∘∘ = {x∘∘ x ∊ L} is a subalgebra of L that is called the skeleton of L and that belongs to M, the class of de Morgan algebras. Clearly, theclass MS of MS-algebras is equational. All the subvarieties of MS were described in [3]. The lattice Λ (MS) of subvarieties of MS has 20 elements (see Fig. 1) and its non-trivial part (we exclude T, the class of one-element algebras) splits into the prime filter generated by M, that is [M, M1], the prime ideal generated by S, that is [B, S], and the interval [K, K2 ∨ K3].

It is well known that if α and β are commuting *-automorphisms of a von Neumann algebra M satisfying the equation α + α-1 = β + β-1 then M can be decomposed into a direct sum of subalgebras Mp and M(l − p) by a central projection p in M such that α = β on Mp and α = β-1 on M(1 − p) (see, for instance, [6], [7], [2]). Originally this equation arose in the Tomita-Takesaki theory (see, for example, [11]) in the form of one-parameter modular automorphism groups and later on it has been studied for arbitrary automorphisms and one-parameter groups of automorphisms on von Neumann algebras [7], [8], [9]. In the case of automorphism groups satisfying the above equation, one has a similar decomposition but this time without assuming the commutativity condition (cf. [7], [8]). For another relevant work on one-parameter groups of automorphisms which is close to our papers [7] and [8], we refer to Ciorănescu and Zsidó [1]. Regarding applications, this equation has been used for arbitrary automorphisms in the geometric interpretation of the Tomita-Takesaki theory [2] and in the case of automorphism groups it has been a fundamental tool in the generalization of the Tomita-Takesaki theory to Jordan algebras [3]. We may remark that the decomposition in the commuting case [6], [7] is much simpler than in the case of automorphism groups in the non-commutative situation [8]. In some cases one can obtain the decomposition for an arbitrary pair of automorphisms without assuming their commutativity but the problem in the general case has been unresolved. Recently we have shown that if α and β are *-automorphisms of a von Neumann algebra M satisfying the equation α + α-1 = β + β-1 (without assuming the commutativity of α and β) then there exists a central projection p in M such that α2= β2 on Mp and α2 = β−2 on M(l − p) [10].

Einleitung. Bei der Betrachtung automorpher Formen zu diskreten Untergruppen Г von SL2(R)mit nicht ganzzahligem Gewicht bzgl. des Automorphiefaktors J(A, z)=, hat man einen Zweig L(A, z) des Logarithmus von J(A, z)zu fixieren.

We construct a T1-space that is not hereditarily compact, although each of its open sets is the intersection of two compact open sets. The search for such a space was motivated by a problem in the theory of quasi-proximities.

Let K be a field which contains a primitive nth root of unity w if n is odd and a primitive 2nth root of unity ζ such that ζ2 = w if n is even.

The following theorem was proved in [1].

Theorem 1. Let S and T be continuous, commuting mappings of a complete, bounded metric space (X, d) into itself satisfying the inequality

for all x, y in X, where 0≤c<1 and p, p′, q, q′≥0 are fixed integers with p+p′, q+q′≥1. Then S and T have a unique common fixed point z. Further, if p′ or q′ = 0, then z is the unique fixed point of S and if p or q = 0, then z is the unique fixed point of T.

This note draws together and extends two recent results on Diophantine approximation and Hausdorff dimension. The first, by Hinokuma and Shiga [12], considers the oscillating error function | sinq|/qτ rather than the strictly decreasing function qτ of Jarnik's theorem. The second is Rynne's extension [17] to systems of linear forms of Borosh and Fraenkel's paper [3] on restricted Diophantine approximation with real numbers. Rynne's result will be extended to a class of general error functions and applied to obtain a more general form of [12] in which the error function is any positive function.

In recent years, a number of special integral equations of the first kind was discussed by several authors (see [l]–[4], [6], [7], [9]–[18]). The kernels of these integral equations are special functions of the hypergeometric family, and it was necessary to restrict the parameters appearing in these functions to secure convergence of the integrals. If these restrictions are removed, the integral fails to converge but it may possess a finite part (in Hadamard's sense), and the question arises whether the methods used in the restricted case will alsoapply in the new situation. Indeed, one could pose the moregeneral problem of Volterra integral equations involving finite parts of divergent integrals [19]

The formulae to be proved are as follows.

If p ≧ q + 1, R(l + m) > 0, R(αr − l − m + n)> −1, R(αr − l − m − n)> 0, r = 1,2,…p,

If p ≧ q + 1, R(l >0, R(l+m >0, R(αr − l − m + n)> −1,

Over fields of characteristic zero, there are well known constructions of the irreducible representations, due to A. Young, and of irreducible modules, called Specht modules, due to W. Specht, for the symmetric groups Sn which are based on elegant combinatorial concepts connected with Young tableaux etc. (see, e.g. [13]). James [12] extended these ideas to construct irreducible representations and modules over an arbitrary field. Al-Aamily, Morris and Peel [1] showed how this construction could be extended to cover the Weyl groups of type Bn. In [14] Morris described a possible extension of James' work for Weyl groups in general. Later, the present author and Morris [8] gave an alternative generalisation of James' work which is an extended improvement and extension of the original approach suggested by Morris. We now give a possible extension of James' work for finite reflection groups in general.

We define the integral operators and as

and

where

and Wk, u and Mk, u are the Whittaker's confluent hyper-geometric functions. These operators, in their slightly less general form, have been dealt with in [2] and [4]. There the authors have used the fact that these integral operators can be expressed as compositions of the Kober's fractional integral operators and the modified Laplace operator. Then these operators are inverted accordingly. Generally, this type of technique has been very useful for inverting many kinds of integral equations; and a good account of the procedures involved is given [5].