Bonsall and Tomiuk have shown, in (3), the connection between the local compactness of a monothetic semi-algebra and the spectral properties of a generating element. This theme was developed, in (4), to give a complete characterisation of prime, strict locally compact monothetic semi-algebras in terms of the spectrum of a generator (Theorem A). Here we extend this result to the case of a semi-simple locally compact monothetic semi-algebra (Theorem B).

The object of this note is to derive a form of Poisson's equation from general relativistic mechanics, without assuming the field to be either static or “weak”. The problem is essentially a “local” problem, all observations being made by one observer; this observer determines the apparent gravitational field in his vicinity by observing the motions of free (isolated) particles. Defining gravitational mass by means of Poisson's equation, we find the relation between the densities of gravitational and inertial mass relative to any observer. We also find what may be called the non-rotating frame of reference belonging to any observer.

Let G be a group and K a field. We shall denote by U(KG) the group of units of the group ring of G over K. Also, if X is a group, T(X) will denote the torsion subset of X, i.e., the set of all elements of finite order in X.

Group theoretical properties of U(KG) have been studied intensively in recent years and it has been found that some conditions about U(KG) imply that T = T(G) must be a subgroup of G and that every idempotent of KT must be central in KG.

Let X be a real or complex Banach space with norm ∥·∥· Let G denote the set of all isometric automorphisms on X. Then G is a bounded subgroup of the group of all invertible operators GL(X) in B(X). We shall call G the group of isometries with respect to the norm ∥·∥· A bounded subgroup of GL(X) is said to be maximal if it is not contained in any larger bounded subgroup. The Banach space X has maximal norm if G is maximal. Hilbert spaces have maximal norm. For the (real or complex) spaces c0, lp (1≦p<∞), Lp[0,1] (1≦p<∞), Pelczynski and Rolewicz have shown that the standard norms are maximal ([3], pp. 252–265). In finite dimensional spaces the only maximal groups of isometries are the groups of orthogonal transformations. Given any bounded group H in B(X), X can be renormed equivalently so that each T∈H is an isometry, by ‖x‖1=sup{|Tx‖; T∈H}. Therefore corresponding to every maximal subgroup G there is at least one maximal norm for which G is the group of isometries. In this paper we shall investigate those maximal groups G for which there is only one maximal norm with G as its group of isometries.

Let Gk, n, be the Grassmann manifold consisting in all non-oriented k-dimensional vector subspaces of the space Rk+n. In this paper we will show that any differentiable mapping f: Gk, n → Rm, has infinitely many critical points for suitable choices of the numbers m, n, k.

A tournamentTn consists of a finite set of nodes1, 2, …, n such that each pair of distinct nodes i and j is joined by exactly one of the arcsij or ji. If the arc ij is in Tn we say that i beats j or j loses to i and write i→j. If each node of a subtournament A beats each node of a subtournament B we write A→B and let A + B denote the tournament determined by the nodes of A and B.

The purpose of this paper is to study the consequences of an endomorphism near-ring of a finite group being a local near-ring and the existence of such near-rings. As we shall see in Section 2, an endomorphism near-ring of a finite group being local gives us some information about both the structure of the group (Theorem 2.2) and the automorphisms of the group lying in the near-ring (Theorem 2.3). Existence of local endomorphism near-rings of finite groups is considered in Section 3 where we obtain as our main result that any p-group of automorphisms of a p-group containing the inner automorphisms always generates a local endomorphism near-ring. In particular, we get as a corollary that the endomorphism near-ring of a finite group G generated by the inner automorphisms of G is local if and only if G is a p-group. The third section concludes with a discussion of endomorphism near-rings of dihedral 2-groups and generalized quaternion groups.

In this note, we show that, if (an) in l1 with Σ|an| < 2 and Σ|an|2 = 1, then max {|ai| + |aj|:i ≠ j} ≧ 1, but that the corresponding theorem for sequences in lp(1<p<2) fails—but only just! Applications to group algebras are given, when it is shown that elements in l1(G) with powers bounded by ½(1+ ) are bounded away from the identity e of G, but that the corresponding result for lp (G) is false.

Riemann's method of solution of a linear second order partial differential equation of hyperbolic type was introduced in his memoir on sound waves. It has been used by Darboux in discussing the equation

where α, β, γ are functions of x and y.

Fourier's Series were first applied to the solution of the Differential Equations which occur in the Theory of the Conduction of Heat and that of the Vibrations of Stretched Strings, namely,

In the first, when the flow of heat is linear and the initial temperature is given in the range 0 < x < π by f(x), the solution can be put in the form

In this case there is no difficulty with regard to the differentiation of the infinite series, term by term, as the factor causes the series which we thus obtain to remain uniformly convergent with respect to x and t in the intervals concerned.

The sampling theorem, often referred to as the Shannon or Whittaker-Kotel'nikov- Shannon sampling theorem, is of considerable importance in many fields, including communication engineering, electronics, control theory and data processing, and has appeared frequently in various forms in engineering literature (a comprehensive account of its numerous extensions and applications is given in [3]). The result states that a band-limited signal, i.e. a real function f of the form

where w>0, is under reasonable conditions on the even function F, determined by its values on the sampling set (l/2w)ℤ and can be reconstructed from the samples f(k/2w), k∈ℤ, by the series