We consider a polynomial $f \,{:}\, \mathbb{R}^n \rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ with isolated critical points and we relate $\chi(f^{-1}(0))$ and $\chi(\{f \ge 0\})-\chi(\{f \le 0\})$ to the topological degrees of polynomial maps defined in terms of $f$.

It is known that the concept of Moufang loops, Moufang 3-nets and groups with triality are strongly related. Due to S. Doro, a group with a splitting automorphism of order 3 can lead to a group with triality. This construction naturally appears in the classification of simple Moufang loops. In this paper, we consider groups with triality related to groups with splitting automorphism. We give a classification of Moufang loops corresponding to this construction.

An associative ring with unity is called clean if every element is the sum of an idempotent and a unit; if this representation is unique for every element, we call the ring uniquely clean. These rings represent a natural generalization of the Boolean rings in that a ring is uniquely clean if and only if it is Boolean modulo the Jacobson radical and idempotents lift uniquely modulo the radical. We also show that every image of a uniquely clean ring is uniquely clean, and construct several noncommutative examples.

In this paper we give a full asymptotic expansion for the number of closed geodesics in homology classes. Especially, we obtain formulae about the coefficients of error terms which depend on the homology class.

We explicitly classify helicoidal and translational constant mean curvature surfaces in ${\mathbb H}^2\times {\mathbb R}$.

The notion of a completely hyperexpansive operator has been introduced in [1] by Athavale. In this paper hyperexpansive operator valued unilateral weighted shifts are investigated. A unique semispectral measure is associated with a bounded completely hyperexpansive operator valued unilateral weighted shift with invertible weights. Examples of bounded and unbounded hyperexpansive operator valued unilateral weighted shifts with invariant domains are given.

We prove the longstanding conjecture that the 3-Moufang condition for generalized quadrangles is equivalent to the Moufang condition. We mention some other characterizations of Moufang quadrangles that follow from this result. We also provide a short proof of Tent's recent result that every half Moufang quadrangle is necessarily a Moufang quadrangle.

We prove that the lower radical, determined by a set of rings, is strong if and only if it is the lower radical determined by a ring with zero multiplication.

Non-abelian homology of Lie algebras with coefficients in Lie algebras is constructed and studied, generalising the classical Chevalley-Eilenberg homology of Lie algebras. The relationship between cyclic homology and Milnor cyclic homology of non-commutative associative algebras is established in terms of the long exact non-abelian homology sequence of Lie algebras. Some explicit formulae for the second and the third non-abelian homology of Lie algebras are obtained.

We prove that the norm $\Vert\,{\cdot}\,\Vert_{n}$ of the space $T[\mathcal{S}_{n},\theta]$ and the norm $\Vert\,{\cdot}\,\Vert_{n}^{M}$ of its modified version $T_{M}[\mathcal{S}_{n},\theta]$ are 3-equivalent. As a consequence, using the results of E. Odell and N. Tomczak-Jaegermann, we obtain that there exists a $K\,{<}\,\infty$ such that for all $n$, $\Vert\cdot\Vert_{n}^{M}$ does not $K-$ distort any subspace of Tsirelson's space $T$.

In this paper we investigate the most general dichotomy concept of evolutionary processes. This dichotomy concept includes many interesting situations, among them we note the nonuniform dichotomy. We characterize the $(a,b)$-dichotomy in terms of the admissibility of the pair $(L^1_a, L^{\infty}_b)$. Also, generalizations of the results of [20], [23] are obtained.

Using compact simple Lie groups and Heisenberg groups, we combine and generalize the constructions of complex structures on Kodaira surfaces and Hopf surfaces. We identify locally complete parameter spaces of deformations of these spaces and analyze the deformation of Kodaira manifolds in details.

Let $\mu_p$ be the distribution of a random variable on the interval $[0,1)$, each digit of whose binary expansion is 0 or 1 with probability $p$ or $1\,{-}\,p$. Thus $\mu_p\,{=}\,\mathop{*}^{\infty}_{n{=}1} (p\delta_0+(1-p)\delta_{\frac1{2^n}})$. We show that for any Borel subsets $E$, $F$ of $[0,1)$ we have $$\l(E+F)\ge\mu_p(E)^\a\mu_q(F)^\b,$$ where $0\,{<}\,\a, \b\,{<}\,1$ with $\a\log a+\b\log b\,{=}\,\log 2$ and $a\,{=}\,[\max\{p, 1-p\}]^{-1}$, $b\,{=}\,[\max\{q, 1-q\}]^{-1}$. Here $\l=\mu_{1/2}$ denotes Lebesgue measure.