We consider the curved $4$-body problems on spheres and hyperbolic spheres. After obtaining a criterion for the existence of quadrilateral configurations on the equator of the sphere, we study two restricted $4$-body problems, one in which two masses are negligible and another in which only one mass is negligible. In the former, we prove the evidence square-like relative equilibria, whereas in the latter we discuss the existence of kite-shaped relative equilibria.

The prime, completely prime, maximal, and primitive spectra are classified for the universal enveloping algebra of the Schrödinger algebra. The explicit generators are given for all of these ideals. A counterexample is constructed to the conjecture of Cheng and Zhang about nonexistence of simple singular Whittaker modules for the Schrödinger algebra (and all such modules are classified). It is proved that the conjecture holds ‘generically’.

We discuss the concept of inner function in reproducing kernelHilbert spaces with an orthogonal basis of monomials and examine connections between inner functions and optimal polynomial approximants to ${1}/{f}\;$, where $f$ is a function in the space. We revisit some classical examples from this perspective, and show how a construction of Shapiro and Shields can be modiûed to produce inner functions.

We give necessary and sufficient conditions of the ${{L}^{p}}$-well-posedness (resp. $B_{p,\,q}^{s}$-wellposedness) for the second order degenerate differential equation with finite delays

$${{\left( Mu \right)}^{\prime \prime }}\left( t \right)+B{u}'\left( t \right)+Au\left( t \right)=G{{{u}'}_{t}}+F{{u}_{t}}+f\left( t \right),\left( t\in \left[ 0,2\pi \right] \right)$$

with periodic boundary conditions $\left( Mu \right)\,\left( 0 \right)\,=\,\left( Mu \right)\,\left( 2\pi \right),\,{{\left( Mu \right)}^{\prime }}\left( 0 \right)\,=\,{{\left( Mu \right)}^{\prime }}\left( 2\pi \right)$, where $A,\,B,\,\text{and}\,M$ are closed linear operators on a complex Banach space $X$ satisfying $D\left( A \right)\,\cap \,D\left( B \right)\,\subset \,D\left( M \right)$, $F\,\text{and}\,G$ are bounded linear operators from ${{L}^{p}}\left( \left[ -2\pi ,\,0 \right];\,X \right)\,\left( \text{resp}\text{.}\,\text{B}_{p,q}^{s}\left( \left[ -2\pi ,\,0 \right];\,X \right) \right)$ into $X$.

We prove an equivalence between weighted Poincaré inequalities and the existence of weak solutions to a Neumann problem related to a degenerate $p$-Laplacian. The Poincaré inequalities are formulated in the context of degenerate Sobolev spaces defined in terms of a quadratic form, and the associated matrix is the source of the degeneracy in the $p$-Laplacian.

In this note, we collect various properties of Seifert homology spheres from the viewpoint of Dehn surgery along a Seifert fiber. We expect that many of these are known to various experts, but include them in one place, which we hope will be useful in the study of concordance and homology cobordism.

The study of chaotic vibration for multidimensional PDEs due to nonlinear boundary conditions is challenging. In this paper, we mainly investigate the chaotic oscillation of a two-dimensional non-strictly hyperbolic equation due to an energy-injecting boundary condition and a distributed self-regulating boundary condition. By using the method of characteristics, we give a rigorous proof of the onset of the chaotic vibration phenomenon of the zD non-strictly hyperbolic equation. We have also found a regime of the parameters when the chaotic vibration phenomenon occurs. Numerical simulations are also provided.

In this paper we establish the endpoint estimates and Hardy type estimates for the Riesz transform associated with the generalized Schrödinger operator.

In this paper, the bounded properties of oscillatory hyper-Hilbert transformalong certain plane curves $\gamma \left( t \right)$,

$${{T}_{\alpha ,\beta }}f\left( x,\,y \right)\,=\,\int_{0}^{1}{f\left( x\,-\,t,\,y\,-\,\gamma \left( t \right) \right){{e}^{i{{t}^{-\beta }}}}\frac{\text{d}t}{{{t}^{1}}+\alpha }}$$

are studied. For general curves, these operators are bounded in ${{L}^{2}}\left( {{\mathbb{R}}^{2}} \right)$ if $\beta \,\ge \,3\alpha $. Their boundedness in ${{L}^{p}}\left( {{\mathbb{R}}^{2}} \right)$ is also obtained, whenever $\beta \,\ge \,3\alpha $ and $\frac{2\beta }{2\beta -3\alpha }\,<\,p\,<\,\frac{2\beta }{3\alpha }$.

We give a consistent example of a zero-dimensional separable metrizable space $Z$ such that every homeomorphism of ${{Z}^{\omega }}$ acts like a permutation of the coordinates almost everywhere. Furthermore, this permutation varies continuously. This shows that a result of Dow and Pearl is sharp, and gives some insight into an open problem of Terada. Our example $Z$ is simply the set of ${{\omega }_{1}}$ Cohen reals, viewed as a subspace of ${{2}^{\omega }}$.

Inspired by a construction by Bump, Friedberg, and Ginzburg of a two-variable integral representation on $\text{GS}{{\text{p}}_{4}}$ for the product of the standard and spin $L$-functions, we give two similar multivariate integral representations. The first is a three-variable Rankin-Selberg integral for cusp forms on $\text{PG}{{\text{L}}_{4}}$ representing the product of the $L$-functions attached to the three fundamental representations of the Langlands $L$-group $\text{S}{{\text{L}}_{\text{4}}}\left( \text{C} \right)$. The second integral, which is closely related, is a two-variable Rankin-Selberg integral for cusp forms on $\text{PGU}\left( 2,\,2 \right)$ representing the product of the degree $8$ standard $L$-function and the degree $6$ exterior square $L$-function.

We consider homogeneous multiaffine polynomials whose coefficients are the Plücker coordinates of a point $V$ of the Grassmannian. We show that such a polynomial is stable (with respect to the upper half plane) if and only if $V$ is in the totally nonnegative part of the Grassmannian. To prove this, we consider an action of matrices on multiaffine polynomials. We show that a matrix $A$ preserves stability of polynomials if and only if $A$ is totally nonnegative. The proofs are applications of classical theory of totally nonnegative matrices, and the generalized Pólya-Schur theory of Borcea and Brändén.

The study of graph ${{C}^{*}}$-algebras has a long history in operator algebras. Surprisingly, their quantum symmetries have not yet been computed. We close this gap by proving that the quantum automorphism group of a finite, directed graph without multiple edges acts maximally on the corresponding graph ${{C}^{*}}$-algebra. This shows that the quantum symmetry of a graph coincides with the quantum symmetry of the graph ${{C}^{*}}$-algebra. In our result, we use the definition of quantum automorphism groups of graphs as given by Banica in 2005. Note that Bichon gave a different definition in 2003; our action is inspired from his work. We review and compare these two definitions and we give a complete table of quantum automorphism groups (with respect to either of the two definitions) for undirected graphs on four vertices.

Let $A$ be a commutative noetherian ring, let $\mathfrak{a}\subseteq A$ be an ideal, and let $I$ be an injective $A$-module. A basic result in the structure theory of injective modules states that the $A$-module ${{\Gamma }_{\alpha }}\left( I \right)$ consisting of $\mathfrak{a}$-torsion elements is also an injective $A$-module. Recently, de Jong proved a dual result: If $F$ is a flat $A$-module, then the $\mathfrak{a}$-adic completion of $F$ is also a flat $A$-module. In this paper we generalize these facts to commutative noetherian $\text{DG}$-rings: let $A$ be a commutative non-positive $\text{DG}$-ring such that ${{\text{H}}^{0}}\left( A \right)$ is a noetherian ring and for each $i\,<\,0,\,\text{the}\,{{\text{H}}^{0}}\left( A \right)$-module ${{\text{H}}^{i}}\left( A \right)$ is finitely generated. Given an ideal $\overline{\mathfrak{a}}\,\subseteq \,{{\text{H}}^{0}}\left( A \right)$, we show that the local cohomology functor $\text{R}{{\Gamma }_{\overline{\mathfrak{a}}}}$ associated with $\overline{\mathfrak{a}}$ does not increase injective dimension. Dually, the derived $\overline{\mathfrak{a}}$-adic completion functor $\text{L}{{\Lambda }_{\overline{\mathfrak{a}}}}$ does not increase flat dimension.

For every affine variety over a global function field, we show that the set of its points with coordinates in an arbitrary rank-one multiplicative subgroup of this function field satisfies the required property of weak approximation for finite sets of places of this function field avoiding arbitrarily given finitely many places.