Several rather general sufficient conditions for the extrapolation of the calculus of generalized Dirac operators from L2 to Lp are established. As consequences, we obtain some embedding theorems, quadratic estimates and Littlewood–Paley theorems in terms of this calculus in Lebesgue spaces. Some further generalizations, utilised in Part II devoted to applications, which include the Kato square root model, are discussed. We use resolvent approach and show the irrelevance of the semigroup one. Auxiliary results include a high order counterpart of the Hilbert identity, the derivation of new forms of ‘off-diagonal’ estimates, and the study of the structure of the model in Lebesgue spaces and its interpolation properties. In particular, some coercivity conditions for forms in Banach spaces are used as a substitution of the ellipticity ones. Attention is devoted to the relations between the properties of perturbed and unperturbed generalized Dirac operators. We do not use any stability results.

For an open subset Ω of the Euclidean space Rn, a measurable non-singular transformation T: Ω → Ω and a real-valued measurable function u on Rn, we study the weighted composition operator uCτ: f ↦ u · (f º T) on the Orlicz-Sobolev space W1·Ψ (Ω) consxsisting of those functions of the Orlicz space LΨ (Ω) whose distributional derivatives of the first order belong to LΨ (Ω). We also discuss a sufficient condition under which uCτ is compact.

A Laguerre plane is a geometry of points, lines and circles where three pairwise non-collinear points lie on a unique circle, any line and circle meet uniquely and finally, given a circle C and a point Q not on it for each point P on C there is a unique circle on Q and touching C at P. We generalise to a Laguerre geometry where three pairwise non-collinear points lie on a constant number of circles. Examples and conditions on the parameters of a Laguerre geometry are given.

A generalized quadrangle (GQ) is a point, line geometry in which for a non-incident point, line pair (P. m) there exists a unique point on m collinear with P. In certain cases we construct a Laguerre geometry from a GQ and conversely. Using Laguerre geometries we show that a GQ of order (s. s2) satisfying Property (G) at a pair of points is equivalent to a configuration of ovoids in three-dimensional projective space.

The finite generation and presentation of Schützenberger products of semigroups are investigated. A general necessary and sufficient condition is established for finite generation. The Schützenberger product of two groups is finitely presented as an inverse semigroup if and only if the groups are finitely presented, but is not finitely presented as a semigroup unless both groups are finite.

Let f and g be two permutable transcendental entire functions. Assume that f is a solution of a linear differential equation with polynomial coefficients. We prove that, under some restrictions on the coefficients and the growth of f and g, there exist two non-constant rational functions R1 and R2 such that R1 (f) = R(g). As a corollary, we show that f and g have the same Julia set: J(f) = J(g). As an application, we study a function f which is a combination of exponential functions with polynomial coefficients. This research addresses an open question due to Baker.

In this paper, using pseudo path algebras, we generalize Gabriel's Theorem on elementary algebras to left Artinian algebras over a field k when the quotient algebra can be lifted by a radical. Our particular interest is when the dimension of the quotient algebra determined by the nth Hochschild cohomology is less than 2 (for example, when k is finite or char k = 0). Using generalized path algebras, a generalization of Gabriel's Theorem is given for finite dimensional algebras with 2-nilpotent radicals which is splitting over its radical. As a tool, the so-called pseudo path algebra is introduced as a new generalization of path algebras, whose quotient by ken is a generalized path algebra (see Fact 2.6).

The main result is that

(i) for a left Artinian k–algebra A and r = r(A) the radical of A. if the quotient algebra A/r can be lifted then A ≅ PSEk (Δ, , ρ) with Js ⊂ (ρ) ⊂ J for some s (Theorem 3.2);

(ii) If A is a finite dimensional k–algebra with 2-nilpotent radical and the quotient by radical can be lifted, then A ≅ k(Δ, , ρ) with 2 ⊂ (ρ) ⊂ 2 + ∩ ker (Theorem 4.2),

where Δ is the quiver of A and ρ is a set of relations.

For all the cases we discuss in this paper, we prove the uniqueness of such quivers Δ and the generalized path algebras/pseudo path algebras satisfying the isomorphisms when the ideals generated by the relations are admissible (see Theorem 3.5 and 4.4).

We derive necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a time-periodic solution to the abstract Cauchy problem.

In this paper we establish the definition of the generalized inverse A(2)T, S which is a {2} inverse of a matrix A with prescribed image T and kernel s over an associative ring, and give necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of the generalized inverse and some explicit expressions for of a matrix A over an associative ring, which reduce to the group inverse or {1} inverses. In addition, we show that for an arbitrary matrix A over an associative ring, the Drazin inverse Ad, the group inverse Ag and the Moore-Penrose inverse . if they exist, are all the generalized inverse A(2)T, S.