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2596 results in Cambridge Elements

Page 1 of 130

Political Lotteries and Democracy

Political Lotteries and Democracy
  • Alexandra Cirone, Brenda Van Coppenolle
  • Coming soon
  • Expected online publication date:
    September 2026
    Print publication:
    30 September 2026
  • Across history, lotteries were used in political selection to combat corruption, ideological polarization, and inequity in access to governance. Today, democracy seems to be facing similar challenges – are lotteries a potential solution? This Element responds to recent calls to incorporate lotteries in democracy, by analyzing historical cases of their use. We focus on the rationale behind and benefits of lotteries – to prevent elite capture, equalize access to power, and improve deliberation – and then the details of their implementation. Drawing on academic research, our chapters analyze the use of lottery-based selection in pre-modern Greece and medieval Florence, and present original micro-level empirical data on lottery-based selection in the construction of the 1848 Danish constitution and in parliaments in 19th century Europe. We conclude with a discussion of how these analyses inform the use of lotteries in modern day governance. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
An Evolutionary Approach to Secular Stagnation

An Evolutionary Approach to Secular Stagnation
  • Andrea Borsato
  • Coming soon
  • Expected online publication date:
    August 2026
    Print publication:
    31 August 2026
  • This Element examines Secular Stagnation in the USA and responds to a recognised need for greater conceptual precision and analytical clarity regarding its nature and economic implications. Revisiting the contemporary economic debate, I propose a coherent reconceptualisation of Secular Stagnation grounded in long-run descriptive empirical evidence and an evolutionary theoretical framework. The analysis shows that stagnation should not be understood as a mere shortage of innovation or a transitory macroeconomic imbalance, but as a structural outcome of the interaction between technological change, demand dynamics, and selection mechanisms. Finally, I discuss how recent advances in automation technologies, such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), may either mitigate or reinforce Secular Stagnation, depending on how innovation policies and institutional settings shape the direction and diffusion of technological change in the US economy.
Abdominal Pain in Pregnancy

Abdominal Pain in Pregnancy
  • Coming soon
  • Expected online publication date:
    August 2026
    Print publication:
    31 August 2026
Understanding the Dynamics of Inequality for Growth and Development

Understanding the Dynamics of Inequality for Growth and Development
  • Sanghamitra Bandyopadhyay
  • Coming soon
  • Expected online publication date:
    August 2026
    Print publication:
    31 August 2026
  • Inequality and its evolution over time are increasingly important subjects within the social sciences, particularly in the field of political economy. This Element identifies for the first time which inequality measures are best suited to capture the dynamics of inequality. The author generates a dataset of twelve types of inequality measures for 108 years across 34 countries using mortality distributions. When modelling inequality as a fractionally integrated process and using a Vector Autoregression approach, they find that mean-independent inequality measures are more suited to dynamic studies. In contrast, however, mean-dependent measures are unsuitable for dynamic studies. They suggest that no inequality measure should be used for dynamic purposes without rigorously testing its suitability. Tests of temporal normality and volatility serve as excellent "marker" tests of whether a chosen inequality measure is suitable for dynamic contexts. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Incorporating Native American Philosophies and Ontologies in Archaeological Practice

Incorporating Native American Philosophies and Ontologies in Archaeological Practice
  • Nathan R. Lawres, Delaney O'Connell, Matthew C. Sanger
  • Coming soon
  • Expected online publication date:
    August 2026
    Print publication:
    31 August 2026
  • Archaeologists increasingly rely on philosophical principles, as evidenced in the Ontological Turn, yet often only engage Western philosophers, which is unfortunate as Indigenous scholars, particularly Native American authors, have provided alternatives applicable to archaeological research. Within this volume, we introduce readers to Native American scholars whose work we apply to major topics in archaeology, including landscapes and knowledge, kinship and extended personhood, and cosmology and ceremonial practices. By contrasting with traditional, Western-based interpretive approaches, we demonstrate the transformative potential of relying on Native American philosophers not only in terms of better understanding the archaeological record but also in how archaeologists and practitioners approach issues such as repatriation, archaeological collections care and handling, and sovereignty. In all, this volume presents a powerful new approach to archaeological research that provides readers with an introduction to Native American philosophers, relevant case studies, and real-world examples that they can use in their own works.
Value Creation and the Role of Firms in Society

Value Creation and the Role of Firms in Society
  • Constantijn van Aartsen
  • Coming soon
  • Expected online publication date:
    August 2026
    Print publication:
    31 August 2026
  • It is widely agreed by proponents of shareholder and stakeholder capitalism that firms are needed to create long-term value. While they debate whose interests this value creation should serve and how it should be measured, they rarely question the concept of value itself or whether firms should have this social role. This consensus is striking since the meaning of value is often unexplored and inadequately defined. This Element addresses that gap and challenges this consensus. It explores the nature and meaning of value, examines how value creation became the social role of firms, and asks whether firms should have this social role. It shows that the role of firms is not to create economic value for shareholders or stakeholders but to provide goods and services in ways that are consistent with social values. The analysis also offers a new, relational theory of the firm to help enable this paradigm shift.
The Metaphysics of Logic

The Metaphysics of Logic
  • Gillian Russell
  • Coming soon
  • Expected online publication date:
    August 2026
    Print publication:
    31 July 2026
  • An investigation into the metaphysics of the logical properties. Textbooks define logical truth and logical consequence in terms of models. But what are models, and why is invoking them a good way to define these properties? The answers take us through questions about the bearers of logical truth, the distinction between logical and non-logical expressions, and, ultimately, to an account of what logic is.

Why Do Corporations Exist?
  • Jang-Sup Shin
  • Coming soon
  • Expected online publication date:
    August 2026
    Print publication:
    31 August 2026
  • Corporations are the engine of the modern economy, yet public debates are ideologically polarized between two extremes-shareholder value theory and stakeholder theory-and the real workings of corporations and their contributions to society are obscured. This book attempts to break the shackles of these two ideologies. It starts from the 'Two Corporate Axioms' that any reasonably well-informed person should accept, i.e., the dominance of corporations and the existence of market competition. It then derives the 'Eight Corporate Theorems' as logical extensions of the axioms and, based on these theorems, re-examines major issues surrounding corporations, including their purpose and governance. To make this construct more realistic, the book weaves the theorems into the story of an imaginary AI company, starting as a venture company and expanding eventually into a multi-planetary enterprise. This book concludes by offering a vision of the corporation as a long-term community for co-prosperity.
The Poet-Physician

The Poet-Physician
  • George Crabbe and Medicine
  • Yimon Lo
  • Coming soon
  • Expected online publication date:
    August 2026
    Print publication:
    31 August 2026
  • This Element offers the first comprehensive study of George Crabbe's engagement with medical thought and practice in his poetry. Drawing on his interest in illness, care, and healing as a trained physician, surgeon, apothecary, and obstetrician, it addresses how his medical expertise and awareness inform his assessment of social problems, his perspective on the role of a poet, and his views on education and religion. The study examines the intersection between Crabbe's poetic achievement and medical discourse in advancing humanist healing for mind and soul, and explores how his verse registers systemic and ethical issues surrounding poverty, addiction, intoxication, and madness through an unsentimental and truthful style. By tracing the moral and social implications of the connection between medical vision and poetic philosophy, it recovers Crabbe as a significant poet-physician of the long eighteenth century and invites renewed attention to the cultural work of his poetry in health and medicine.
Intercultural Communication and Cancer

Intercultural Communication and Cancer
  • Margo Louise Turnbull
  • Coming soon
  • Expected online publication date:
    August 2026
    Print publication:
    31 August 2026
  • Cancer is increasingly recognized as a complex, multidimensional social experience rather than purely a physical or biological disease. This, in turn, highlights the role of communication in cancer-related 'work' such as seeking and receiving a diagnosis, managing disclosure, and incorporating treatment and recovery into everyday life. Although an extensive body of work examining cancer and communication has investigated some of this complexity, the experiences of migrant women in Asia are currently underexplored. In this Element, I argue that the complexity of cancer diagnosis and disclosure for this group can be usefully examined from a perspective of intercultural communication. To support this argument, I investigate instances of intercultural communication that unfolded in a series of focus groups with Filipino migrant domestic workers diagnosed with cancer in Hong Kong.
The Senses

The Senses
  • Perception and Experience
  • A. S. Barwich
  • Coming soon
  • Expected online publication date:
    August 2026
    Print publication:
    31 August 2026
  • This Element launches a broadside against the visual-centric approach that has dominated philosophical and scientific discourse about the senses. Considering the variety and breadth of sensory experiences, from the deceptively familiar territories of smell and taste to the frequently overlooked experience of touch and interoceptive processes, it challenges us to rethink the philosophical bedrock of our theories of mind. It advocates a shift towards a more multi-modal and embodied approach that values biological realities and cross-cultural insights. It analyses traditional criteria for classifying sensory modalities and examines how sensory augmentation technologies provide insight for theories of perception by virtue of sensorimotor learning. The Element also highlights the disconnect between current scientific advancements and philosophical inquiry, suggesting that refocusing on the senses more broadly defined, especially on kinesthetic experiences, illuminates new paths through the thorny 'hard problem' of consciousness. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
The Philosophy of Time Reversal

The Philosophy of Time Reversal
  • Cristian Lopez
  • Coming soon
  • Expected online publication date:
    August 2026
    Print publication:
    31 August 2026
  • This Element explores the conceptual complexity of time reversal in the philosophy of physics. It aims to show that time reversal, as a symmetry transformation, should not be regarded as a mere mathematical artifice applied to physical equations. It is rather a conceptually rich and multifaceted notion, one whose meaning and implementation are shaped by a combination of metaphysical commitments and heuristic-methodological strategies. Far from being a neutral tool, the way we define and apply time reversal encodes assumptions about the nature of time itself, its relation to motion, about the role of symmetries in physical theories, and about the relation between mathematical symmetries and the world they purport to describe. Such conceptual complexity also has implication for related debates, such as that of the direction of time.
Renaissance Physiognomics

Renaissance Physiognomics
  • Cecilia Muratori
  • Coming soon
  • Expected online publication date:
    August 2026
    Print publication:
    31 August 2026
  • Physiognomics is the theory according to which there is a relationship between certain signs on the body and certain characteristics of the soul, and furthermore that it is possible to exploit this relationship to transition from what is visible to what is invisible: to read the body in order to gain access to the soul. This Cambridge Element showcases the philosophical relevance of physiognomics during the Renaissance, combining in-depth analysis of physiognomics' subtle, and sometimes lesser-known theoretical details, with awareness of the role of physiognomics in the main philosophical debates of the time, including on the human-animal border and on the difference between men and women. This Element presents the Renaissance revival of physiognomics as a scientific endeavour that required philosophers to organise medical, anatomical, physiological, and astrological knowledge, under the aegis of an ethical programme for the improvement of oneself and society.
Rich Experience and Sparse Awareness

Rich Experience and Sparse Awareness
  • Sensing More Than We Know
  • Ariel Meir Berlinger, Baruch Eitam
  • Coming soon
  • Expected online publication date:
    July 2026
    Print publication:
    31 July 2026
  • Consciousness is often treated as unitary phenomenon. We challenge this and propose a framework that parses it into two functionally distinct representational media. Reviewing dominant theories, as well as studies of perceptual failures, neural activity, visual search and attention – we argue that phenomenal experience arises early as a detailed, analogue, and relatively generic representation of the physical world. Awareness, a later and more idiosyncratic representation of the world, results from enriching phenomenal experience via relevance-filtered semantic knowledge. This Multi-Representational Media (MRM) account unifies perception, memory, and cognition, reconciles rich and sparse consciousness views, and reframes concepts in unconscious cognition research.
What is Electoral Integrity?

What is Electoral Integrity?
  • Conceptualising Election Quality in an Age of Complexity
  • Toby S. James, Holly Ann Garnett
  • Coming soon
  • Expected online publication date:
    July 2026
    Print publication:
    31 July 2026
  • There are worldwide concerns about the quality of elections and democracy. There is also an ambiguity in academia, the international community and popular discourse about how to define and measure good elections. This Element develops an original concept of electoral integrity based on human empowerment. Elections serve a purpose: They should give citizens a voice, empower the everyday citizen against the powerful and act as mechanisms for political equality. Secondly, it argues that there have been major societal 'megatrends,' meaning that the holding of elections has moved from the modern era to an age of complexity. This describes an era of demographic, technological, legal, economic and political complexity and fluidity. The greater connection between nodes of activities in the electoral process means that elections held in one part of the world can be very quickly affected by actors and developments elsewhere. Thirdly, it provides new measurement tools to assess election quality.
Postcolonial Reconstruction of History in African Drama

Postcolonial Reconstruction of History in African Drama
  • Soyinka, Ngũgĩ with Mugo, Hussein, and Johnson
  • Chima Osakwe
  • Coming soon
  • Expected online publication date:
    July 2026
    Print publication:
    31 July 2026
  • This Element investigates how selected postcolonial African writers have adapted or rather reshaped historical sources for dramatic compositions. The writers and works the author focuses on are: Wole Soyinka (Death and the King's Horseman, 1975), Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o with Micere Githae Mugo (The Trial of Dedan Kimathi, 1976), Ebrahim Hussein (Kinjeketile, 1970), and Effiong Johnson (Not Without Bones, 2000.) Their reading of the plays emphasizes their status as postcolonial texts and not just works of African literature. In doing so, the Element is mindful of the fact that postcolonialism has inevitably involved the conceptualization of non-Western modes of thought as a means of challenging the West. The author's central argument is that the selected postcolonial African authors use artistic licence to rewrite colonial history from below, transforming historical trauma into counter‑narratives that restore agency, dignity, and futurity to the oppressed.
East Asian Voices in Anglophone Children's Picture Books

East Asian Voices in Anglophone Children's Picture Books
  • Loli Kim, Jieun Kiaer
  • Coming soon
  • Expected online publication date:
    July 2026
    Print publication:
    31 July 2026
  • East Asian voices have long been marginalised in Western literature, though recent global waves of East Asian popular culture have begun to shift the landscape. Among the newest entrants to this global phenomenon are children's picture books - an emerging yet potent force with unparalleled potential for long-term impact. Despite their limited visibility in publishing, picture books are central to early education and childhood wellbeing, shaping future generations. As such, East Asian picture books represent a doubly marginalised field that has been largely overlooked. This timely and essential Element addresses that gap. Drawing on a comprehensive dataset independent of publisher self-reporting, it offers both a historical overview of East Asian representation spanning more than a century and in-depth case studies, providing a ground-breaking account of this overlooked but increasingly influential domain.
Heuristic Inference and the Left-Right

Heuristic Inference and the Left-Right
  • An Experimental Analysis of How Voters Form Their Left-Right Images of Parties
  • Seonghui Lee, Lie Philip Santoso, Randolph Stevenson
  • Coming soon
  • Expected online publication date:
    July 2026
    Print publication:
    31 July 2026
  • How do voters form left–right images of political parties? This Element applies the theoretical framework of ecologically rational heuristic inference to synthesize insights from the extensive literature on the meaning of left and right in politics. It proposes several hypotheses about cues that voters with varying levels of political sophistication use to infer parties' left–right positions. These expectations are tested through seven conjoint and factorial survey experiments in Germany, Denmark, Canada, and the UK. Findings show that many voters develop sensible left–right perceptions of parties by relying on small sets of highly predictive cues. However, voters differ in how they interpret these cues. Less politically sophisticated voters tend to infer party positions mainly from partisan signals, whereas more sophisticated voters rely on a broader range of indicators, including party policies, ideological values, and social group support. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Judgment Aggregation

Judgment Aggregation
Disinformation, Ideology, and Public Opinion in Central Europe

Disinformation, Ideology, and Public Opinion in Central Europe
  • Roman Hlatky
  • Coming soon
  • Expected online publication date:
    July 2026
    Print publication:
    31 July 2026
  • In Central and Eastern Europe, disinformation threatens democratic stability, inflames ideological divides, and weakens Western geopolitical commitments. Drawing on cross-national analyses, as well as in-depth studies of the Czech Republic and Slovakia, this Element analyzes: the relationship between ideological polarization and disinformation supply; the challenges of building anti-disinformation efforts; individual-level demand for disinformation; and the effects of disinformation on public opinion. Ideological polarization over sociocultural issues predicts disinformation supply, and sociocultural conservatives with anti-Western views constitute a disinformation-susceptible audience that struggles to distinguish between false and true narratives. Elite-level divisions over the threat posed by disinformation exacerbate these dynamics, hampering efforts to build disinformation resilience. However, disinformation largely fails to persuade. Amongst most individuals, attitudinal backlash is more common. Disinformation does not win over hearts and minds; rather, its appeal reflects the salience of contentious issues that have emerged as a result of wider political realignments.

Page 1 of 130