In the 1790s, hundreds of refugees arrived in Philadelphia from revolutionary Saint-Domingue. Though it is well known that the Alien Acts were promulgated at least in part in reaction to the large French presence on US soil and the threat of war with France, other barriers to entry and to remain on US soil are not often connected to the arrival and presence of French refugees. Using records of the Philadelphia courts, prison, and almshouse, this article situates the French refugee experience within the early United States’ broader kaleidoscope of restrictions on mobility, assistance, and rights to remain. For the French Black population, their race and class rendered them especially vulnerable to forms of mobility control focused on criminals and the mobile poor. Though the French were not ultimately deported for their political activities, a small number of French Black refugees convicted of theft were set on the move once again.

This study investigates the nonlinear dynamics and control strategies for a Cessna-182 unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The longitudinal and lateral dynamic models were derived using aerodynamic analysis conducted in ANSYS Fluent. Various control methodologies, including PID (proportional, integral, derivative) tuning with genetic algorithm (GA), root locus (RL), MATLAB tuned (MT), Ziegler Nichols (ZN), the model reference adaptive controller (MRAC), linear quadratic regulator (LQR) and linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG), were implemented and compared through simulations. Due to the inadequacy of PID control under variable environmental and noise conditions, LQR and LQG controllers, including the full state-space model required for real-time applications, are simulated for both longitudinal and lateral motions in addition to the PID controller. Although the LQR controller has acceptable simulation results for noiseless conditions, the superiority and stable structure of the LQG controller under noise and disturbance effects are highlighted. The results, including noise Dryden turbulence effects, highlight the advantages of proposed MRAC and LQG for robust stability and precise flight performance. Experimental flight tests validate the theoretical findings, demonstrating the practical viability of the proposed control approaches. The results obtained for the Cessna-182 mini-UAV will be effective for future researchers in terms of obtaining UAV dynamics and also evaluating different control strategies of the UAV.

Applying teat dips to cows’ teats before and after milking (pre- and post-dipping) are important methods for preventing mastitis. Given the proven effectiveness of ozonated water for eliminating bacterial colonies, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of ozonated water in preventing mastitis in pre- and post-dipping of dairy cows. Fifty-eight cows were selected based on negative black-bottom cup test results and the California mastitis test (CMT), and randomly allocated into two groups: the control group (CG, n = 23) where pre- and post-dipping were done with a commercial hydrogen peroxide product, and the ozone group (OG3, n = 35) where ozonated water at a concentration of 2 µg/ml was used, prepared immediately before use with an ozone generator. Samples were collected at four timepoints: M0 (pre), M1 (72 h), M2 (7 d) and M3 (14 d). Somatic cell count, CMT, pH, milk composition, and microbiological identification were analysed. The black-bottom cup test and physical evaluation of the udder were performed daily before milking. All milk composition variables were similar in both groups. SCC remained within normal ranges for both groups at all time points as per the guidelines of the Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply. Microbiological cultures revealed similar pathogens across time points with the same growth dynamics. The study demonstrated that the use of ozonated water was as effective as the commercial product used in pre- and post-dipping for hygiene and prevention of mastitis in dairy cows, potentially serving as a viable alternative with lower environmental contamination, especially on organic dairy farms. Further studies comparing different concentrations and evaluations against other sanitizers are necessary.

In recent years, there has been a growing body of scholarship that distinguishes post-colonial and post-imperial migrations from other forms of migration. However, because this literature largely excludes non-European cases, it remains predominantly Eurocentric. This review article seeks to demonstrate how these studies can be further enriched by incorporating Ottoman migrations (muhacir) as a distinct form of post-imperial migration. To this end, the article evaluates four recently published works on Ottoman migration: İpek’s Migration in the Imperial Territories (Memalik-i Şahanede Muhaceret), Fratantuono’s Governing Migration in the Late Ottoman Empire, Hamed-Troyansky’s Empire of Refugees, and Oktay Özel’s Katamizes In Pursuit of the Blue (Kiske Kuşunun Peşinde Katamizeler). Through a comparative analysis of these works, the article explores the potential contributions of Ottoman post-imperial migration studies to the broader literature on post-imperial migration. In particular, it addresses issues such as the role of official historiography in shaping migration histories; debates over whether migrants were framed as returnees or repatriates; the effects of different imperial structures; and the ethnic and religious composition of both host societies and migrant populations.

This article examines how courts in a diverse and divided society navigate tensions over a polarized religious issue. The incrementalist approach that defers difficult choices about state and religion through vague compromise has been defended in polities where achieving cohesion proves difficult. This article investigates how the court grapples with incrementalist logic underlying the regulation of interfaith marriage in Indonesia. To mitigate disagreements, the Indonesian Marriage Law has left the legality of interfaith marriage ambiguous and subject to constant negotiation and compromise. This article argues that the Indonesian Constitutional Court has failed to sustain this balance, as the court increasingly leans towards the religious aspect of marriage. Indonesian experience shows the complexities of court interventions on unclear legislative agreements and contentious issues in society. The Court adopted a rigid legal interpretation based on conservative religious views, which not only undermines rights and pluralism, but intensifies tensions and complicates future negotiations.

Onion seed productivity, quality, and profitability in Ethiopia are constrained by declining soil fertility and inadequate fertilizer management, particularly due to a historical reliance only on blanket nitrogen-phosphorus-based recommendations for bulb production. Therefore, the study examined the impacts of NPSB fertilizer, vermicompost, and their integrated application on soil fertility, onion seed yield, and quality in Yaya-Gulele, Oromia, Ethiopia. Treatments comprised a factorial combination of four NPSB rates (0, 75, 150, 225 kg/ha) and four vermicompost rates (0, 1.25, 2.5, 3.75 t/ha), arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Seed quality was evaluated under laboratory conditions using a completely randomized design with four replications. The integrated application of NPSB and vermicompost improved key soil chemical properties, prolonged vegetative growth, and enhanced seed yield and quality parameters of onions compared to sole applications and the control. The highest-performing integrated treatment increased seed yield by up to threefold relative to the control. The integration of 150 kg/ha NPSB with 3.75 t/ha vermicompost was identified as the most agronomically and economically optimal treatment, producing the highest seed yield and net returns. This first report from North Shewa shows that the synergistic integration of NPSB and vermicompost significantly increases onion seed productivity and quality by improving soil fertility. This approach offers a practical and sustainable nutrient management strategy for onion seed production systems in Ethiopia.

This study aimed to explore whether health effects of dietary nitrate depend on its source, by investigating associations between plant and animal-sourced dietary nitrate groups with markers of inflammation and CVD risk factors. Among 100 non-smoking adults (mean age 49 ± 13 years, 31% male), dietary nitrate intake was assessed using food frequency questionnaire (n=100) and 3-day food diary (n=89), combined with nitrate food composition databases. Nitrate intake was classified into plant, naturally occurring animal and additive-permitted meat-sourced groups. Associations between source-dependent nitrate intakes and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2), C-reactive protein (CRP), fasting plasma lipids, anthropometry, and blood pressure were examined using multivariable linear regression, adjusted for sociodemographic, lifestyle and dietary confounders. Each 1 SD (∼57 mg/day) increment in plant-sourced nitrate intake was associated with a 0.191 SD lower LDL cholesterol (β = -0.191, 95% CI [-0.369, -0.004], P = 0.045; equivalent to -0.21 mmol/L) in primary models, though this association was attenuated in sensitivity analyses. Naturally occurring animal-sourced nitrate intake was not associated with any outcomes. A 1 SD (0.08 mg/day) increment in additive-permitted meat-sourced nitrate intake was associated with a 0.208 SD lower HDL cholesterol (β = -0.208, [-0.362, -0.054], P = 0.009; equivalent to -0.10 mmol/L), and a 0.192 SD higher waist circumference (β = 0.192, [0.005, 0.380], P = 0.042; equivalent to +1.29 cm) but not with LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, blood pressure, Lp-PLA2, or CRP. These preliminary findings suggest potential differential associations between nitrate source and cardiometabolic markers that warrant confirmation in larger studies.

To investigate the association between dietary advanced glycation end products (dAGEs) and sarcopenia in United States adults. A total of 7590 participants aged 20 to 59 years were included in this study using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2018. Dietary AGEs intake was assessed by UPLC-MS/MS based AGEs database combined with 24-h dietary recall. Sarcopenia was assessed by appendicular lean body mass index (ALMI). Linear regression was used to examine the association between dAGEs and ALMI. Logistic regression was adopted to examine the association between total and food-derived AGEs with the prevalence of sarcopenia. The mediating role of bone mineral density (BMD) and serum 25 (OH) D3 on the association between dAGEs and ALMI were also explored. The prevalence of sarcopenia was 7.26 %. Compared to the low intake tertile (T1), the OR for sarcopenia among participants in the high tertile (T3) of dAGEs, CEL and MG-H1 intake were 1.66 (95% CI: 1.05, 2.64; P trend=0.031), 1.56 (95% CI: 1.01, 2.40; P trend=0.042), 1.60 (95% CI: 1.03, 2.48; P trend=0.033), respectively. Meat and baked foods derived AGEs showed significant associations with the prevalence of sarcopenia. Mediation analysis demonstrated that 14.75% and 12.95% of the association between dAGEs and ALMI was mediated by the BMD and serum 25 (OH) D3, respectively. In the US adult population, dietary AGEs were positively associated with sarcopenia, particularly in meat and baked foods, with BMD and serum 25 (OH) D3 partially mediating this association.

The Global Diet Quality Score (GDQS), the Global Dietary Recommendations score (GDR), Nova-UPF score, and Minimum Diet Diversity for Women (MDD-W) were listed by the United Nations as promising food-based metrics to track dietary quality. The aim was to evaluate those diet metrics performances for monitoring diet-related type 2 diabetes risk and insulin resistance in comparison with the Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI). The study included 12,254 participants (56% women; 35–74 years) of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adults Health (ELSA-Brasil) with available dietary, biochemical, sociodemographic and lifestyle data. Diet quality scores were derived from a validated food-frequency questionnaire covering the previous 12 months. Incident diabetes and changes in insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) over time were evaluated, and mediation by body mass index (BMI) was assessed. After an average 8.2y follow-up period (17% attrition; n=10,191), with 1-standard deviation increase in GDQS, GDR, and AHEI, a 5%, 6%, and 7% decrease in incident diabetes was observed with BMI mediation effect of 39.6%, 74.8%, and 59.4%, respectively (p<0.001 for all the analysis). HOMA-IR increase rate over time was higher in the lower quintile of GDQS (p=0.002) and GDR (p<0.001), compared to the upper quintile. As AHEI, GDR, and GDQS had similar performances in monitoring diet-related type 2 diabetes risk, food-based metrics, such as the GDR and the GDQS can be advantageous in lower resources settings and in nations where there is no food composition data availability.

This article offers a counter-reading of the Ghaznavid panegyric that resists reducing its idiom of praise to an effect of political legitimation, as dominant accounts of the genre have done. By highlighting how two panegyrics, one by ʿUnṣurī and the other by Farrukhī, subvert the aesthetic-didactic expectations surrounding praise born from Islamicate rhetorical and poetic theory, it contends that Persian panegyric poetry does not transparently deploy praise. To this end, the article first proposes four structures of praise that render praise both legible and susceptible to ironizing: evidentiary agreement, intradistich agreement, interdistich agreement, and metapoetic balance. A subsequent analysis of ʿUnṣurī and Farrukhī’s panegyrics reveals how ostensibly laudatory claims can ironize these structures to produce effects of delegitimation, rather than legitimation, while maintaining a posture of praise.