The effect of the Japanese diet on cancer incidence remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between the Japanese diet and the risk of all-cause and site-specific cancer. We analysed 14-year follow-up data from the Osaki Cohort study of 25,570 Japanese men and women aged 40–79 years. The Japanese diet was evaluated using a 39-item food frequency questionnaire at baseline. Based on a previous study, we used eight food items to calculate the Japanese Diet Index (JDI) score: rice, miso soup, seaweed, pickles, green and yellow vegetables, seafood, green tea, and beef and pork. The participants were divided into quartiles based on their JDI scores. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of cancer incidence. During the mean 10.4 years of follow-up, we identified 3,161 incident cases of all-cause cancer. Multivariable analysis showed that the JDI score was not associated with cancer incidence. In comparison to Q1 (the lowest), the multivariable HRs and 95%CIs were 1.01 (0.92–1.12) for Q2, 0.94 (0.85–1.04) for Q3, and 1.06 (0.95-1.18) for Q4 (the highest). Furthermore, separate analyses of nine common cancer sites demonstrated no association with the JDI score. The results were consistent even after a sensitivity analysis using multiple imputation. This prospective study showed that the Japanese diet was not associated with cancer incidence. The results suggests that the Japanese diet could contribute to a person’s overall health and well-being without increasing cancer risk.

The present article aims to assess the relationship between the mass exodus of Iranian Christians and the Hispanic world, widening the analytical lens on early 20th-century Iranian migrations. Specifically, the study draws parallels between the humanitarian efforts of the Spanish diplomats during the Turkish occupation of northwestern Persia in 1918 and the subsequent arrival and settlement of Assyrians and Armenians in Argentina in the early decades of the twentieth century. Although numerous publications address the early Iranian diaspora and Iran during the World War I, little scholarly work examines Spain’s humanitarian role in this context or the history of the Iranian diaspora in Latin America. This finding underscores the notion that, in addition to the prominent international actors that have historically been the focus of scholarly inquiry—namely, the United States, France, Great Britain, Germany, and Russia—smaller countries also played a significant role in the events that transpired in Iran during those years. Furthermore, this study highlights the Iranian diaspora’s expansion to distant regions, such as Argentina, which has not been extensively researched in the context of Iranian studies. This comprehensive approach serves to broaden our understanding of the global history of Iran in the early twentieth century.

Continuous morphological traits play a crucial role in phylogenetic inference, yet they are often discretized due to limited software support and challenges of handling missing data efficiently. We present a new implementation of the Brownian motion model for continuous trait evolution in the Bayesian phylogenetics software MrBayes. Our approach efficiently accommodates any proportion of missing data and supports evolutionary rate variation across characters and data partitions. It is compatible with both non-clock and relaxed clock models. We validate the implementation through simulations and apply it to empirical datasets of pterosaurs and ancient humans, demonstrating that continuous traits can improve phylogenetic resolution. This development expands the methodological tool kit for morphological and total-evidence phylogenetics and is applicable across diverse taxonomic groups.

Beliefs in evil spirits and the practice of deliverance from supernatural forces have been widespread throughout history. Many psychological and physical afflictions have been attributed to involuntary demonic possession. Traditional remedies, for those reporting inhabitation by evil spirits, can involve exorcism believed to expel such forces. Similar beliefs may be symptomatic of major mental illness and treatments namely medication and psychotherapy, are frequently recommended. An increasingly secular western world is also seeing growth in non-denominational Christian churches and other faiths, who accept spirit possession and exorcism. Culturally competent mental health professionals, seeking to understand their patients’ world view, may struggle with exorcism, seeing it as an interference to conventional treatment. They may be being unwilling thus to attempt differentiation between possession and mental illness. This paper explores the diversity of views on this topic and points of contention and overlap. The risks and cautions necessary in approaching this issue are stressed.

Substance use disorders and addictions are mental disorders deeply interconnected with other psychiatric conditions – and this connection is of fundamental importance. Although addictions are formally recognized as mental health disorders, they are often not addressed as such in research or clinical practice. Psychiatric research, clinical care, and treatment development remain largely organized along traditional diagnostic boundaries. While diagnostic classifications provide structure and clinical utility, it is increasingly evident that psychiatric diagnoses are neither fully separable nor independent entities. Despite extensive discussion on comorbidity, addictions are frequently excluded from broader conceptualizations of the intertwined nature of mental disorders. Yet, they share substantial commonalities with other psychiatric conditions across clinical presentation, psychopathology, genetic vulnerability, neurobiological mechanisms, socioenvironmental risk factors, and treatment strategies. Maintaining a conceptual divide between addictions and other psychiatric disorders reinforces diagnostic “tunnel vision,” constraining our understanding of neuropsychopathology and contributing to persistent gaps in care and treatment accessibility. This narrative review examines the overlapping risk factors, clinical features, and therapeutic approaches that link addictions with other mental disorders. We argue that advancing psychiatric research and nosology requires a deliberate acknowledgement of these transdiagnostic overlaps and shared mechanisms. The challenge is particularly evident in the understanding and treatment of dual disorders. Progress will depend on integrative, collaborative frameworks that bridge scientific and clinical perspectives and foster dynamic feedback between empirical research and clinical practice. Recognizing mental disorders as interdependent systems may offer a more coherent and effective foundation for understanding and treatment.

Due to the high prevalence of depression among young adults, identifying prevention strategies during young adulthood are crucial. Dietary polyphenols have been associated with depression in older cohorts; however, the association remains unclear, particularly in young adults. This study aimed to assess the prospective association between the intake of total polyphenols, polyphenol classes, and polyphenol subclasses with depressive symptoms in young adults. Data from 1,484 Raine Study Generation 2 participants [52.7% female; baseline mean age (SD): 20 (0.5)] at the -20, -22, and -27 year follow-ups (N = 964, 979, and 1,094, respectively), with overlap across follow-ups, were used. Energy-adjusted polyphenol intake was estimated from food frequency questionnaire data using our expansion of the AUSNUT 2011-13 and Phenol-Explorer to include polyphenol content data and categorised into quartiles. The primary outcome was self-reported depressive symptoms assessed via the 21-item Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale averaged across the three timepoints. Linear mixed-effects models were used to assess the association between the polyphenol intake exposures and depressive symptoms. Sociodemographic characteristics and lifestyle- and health-related behaviours were adjusted for. Participants in the highest quartiles for flavonol and hydroxybenzoic acid intake had lower depressive symptoms across time than participants in the lowest quartiles [flavonols (Q4 v Q1 mean difference: -1.41, 95%CIs: -2.51, -0.31); hydroxybenzoic acids (Q4 v Q1: -1.42, 95%CIs: -2.54, -0.29)]. We found no evidence of a highest versus lowest association for all other polyphenol categories. Future studies are required to investigate whether increasing polyphenol intake could protect against depression in young adults.

Total energy expenditure (TEE) is estimated as the product of basal metabolic rate (BMR) and an SCI-specific factor. The agreement between TEE and total energy intake (TEI) was just established. The findings suggested the existence of positive and negative energy balance distributions. Forty-two males with chronic SCI underwent BMR followed by detailed metabolic profile after overnight fast. TEI and macronutrients of 3-day dietary logs were analyzed using the Nutrition Data System for Research software. Energy surplus was calculated as TEE minus TEI. Body composition assessment was conducted using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. 57% of SCI participants were classified as negative energy surplus with an average TEI of 1284±422 compared to 2197±553 kcal/day in the positive energy group (P = 0.0002). Negative energy group had a higher BMR (9%; P =0.02), greater body weight (P =0.03), greater total body lean mass (P= 0.03) and consume greater percentage of protein compared to the positive energy group. Percentage macronutrients of protein explained 27% of the variance of energy surplus in a multivariate regression model (r2 =0.27; P = 0.008). TEI adjusted to fat-free mass explained 87% of the variance in energy surplus and 34.7 kcal/kg/day was recommended to balance TEI with TEE. Persons with SCI are either classified into negative or positive energy surplus groups. Larger body weight and greater protein intakes are among the major characteristics of the negative energy group. Clinicians may need to consider the spectrum of energy balance before starting dietary regimen after SCI.

This paper argues that, far from supporting, an oft-cited passage of the Phenomena and Noumena chapter (A247/B303) instead belies, Allison’s influential thesis that Kant’s transcendental idealism is not an ‘alternative ontology’ but a methodological or meta-epistemological ‘alternative to ontology’ that is devoid of specific metaphysical content. Following a programmatic sketch of Kant’s system of principles as a regional ontology of nature, it is argued that the precise wording and original punctuation of that passage suggest that the transcendentally realist ontologies of the past are to ‘give way’ to just such an immanent ontology of the world of outer experience.

A novel compact Ku-band waveguide antenna is proposed that offers left-hand circular polarization (LHCP). The proposed design has Nabla slot on aperture of circular waveguide to attain LHCP. Side fed design of the proposed antenna eliminates the need for rectangular to circular waveguide transition. The antenna has the reflection coefficient (S11) below −10 dB from 12 to 15.2 GHz, corresponds to the impedance bandwidth of 23.5% and axial ratio (AR) below 3 dB from 13.2 to 15.2 GHz, attained circular polarization bandwidth as 14%. Measurement results indicate that the proposed antenna achieves a 12 dB half beamwidth of around 65° across the 13.4–15.2 GHz frequency band, resulting in an attained pattern bandwidth (stable radiation pattern range) of 12.5%. This performance fulfills the illumination requirements for an offset parabolic reflector with an f/RD ratio of 0.25.

The aim of this study was to determine soil quality index (SQI) for hazelnut gardens managed under organic and conventional agricultural systems. Additionally, the predictability of soil quality was evaluated using the XGBoost algorithm. To determine soil quality, a multi-criteria decision-making process was applied to the total dataset (TDS) using standard scoring functions (linear and non-linear). Additionally, the minimum dataset (MDS) was obtained using principal component analysis (PCA). Then, the model verification process was performed using SQI and yield data. According to the results, although SQI values in conventional agriculture were statistically significantly higher, the correlation between yield and soils under organic agriculture was higher than in conventional agriculture. The SQI averaged 0.4576 in conventionally farmed soils and 0.4417 in organically farmed areas. RMSE values obtained for SQI estimation with the XGBoost algorithm using basic soil properties ranged from 0.038 to 0.065. The mean error rate was approximately 8%. Lin’s concordance correlation coefficients for the SQI estimated by MDS and TDS were 0.60 and 0.61, respectively. The most effective basic soil properties for estimating SQI with the XGBoost algorithm were N, K, OM, and P. It was concluded that the XGBoost algorithm can be evaluated for soil quality prediction. In addition, the spatial distribution patterns of the values predicted by this algorithm and of the observed values were similar. The exclusive use of soil analyses in the study can be considered a limiting factor for the model. More comprehensive studies are planned using reflectance measurements from remote sensing technologies.

Menopausal age represents the endpoint of the entire reproductive cycle of women, and it is a biological marker that indicates the overall health and aging status of women. Flavonoids are the most common polyphenolic compounds in the daily diet, and their intake is related to reduced risks of certain diseases. Our study aimed to analyze the relationships between the intake of flavonoids and menopausal age. We selected 29,940 participants from NHANES database from 2007-2008, 2009-2010 and 2017-2018. A total of 680 participants were included in our analysis after screening. Multiple logistic regression was used to explore the association between dietary flavonoid subclasses intake and menopausal delay (≥ 55 years old). RCS plots were generated to reveal the nonlinear relationships between the subclasses of flavonoids intake and menopausal age. According to the adjusted multiple factor logistic regression analysis, the top quartile intake (compared with bottom intake) of anthocyanidins was positively associated with delayed menopause (OR = 4.123; 95% CI: 1.130, 15.041; p trend = 0.036), whereas the moderate intake of flavonols was negatively associated with delayed menopause (Q2 vs. Q1, OR = 0.081 (95% CI: 0.025, 0.261), p trend = 0.001; Q3 vs. Q1, OR = 0.271 (95% CI: 0.093, 0.791), p trend = 0.023). The RCS revealed that non-linear association was observed between the intake of isoflavones, flavan-3-ols, flavonols and later menopause (p-value for non-linearity < 0.05). Our findings suggest that specific dietary flavonoids intake may have potential roles in regulating menopausal timing.

Many older adults living in a seniors’ residence (SR), especially those living with dementia, will have to be relocated in long-term care (LTC) despite the negative impact of these care transitions on physical and psychological well-being. Using a living lab methodology and focus group methods, a care approach was co-developed in collaboration with a SR and public home care services, to promote aging-in-place and delay relocations in LTC. Outcomes were assessed using Interrupted Time Series Analysis. Integrating best practices like staff training, care reorganization, personalized care based on the residents’ life stories, and stronger collaborations with the home care services, this approach allowed older adults with higher assistance needs to remain within their home. Relocations to LTC were delayed by approximately 3 months. Ultimately, aging-in-place was found to be relevant in providing evolving care to older adults living in a SR, though further studies are needed to document its financial impact.

The digital age, while promising tools to advance health care, has simultaneously ushered in new forms of power asymmetry, with extractive data practices risking the perpetuation of historical injustices and structural inequities. Achieving epistemic justice in health data governance initiatives demands a fundamental shift in how knowledge is produced, legitimised and applied. It requires a concerted effort to delink from colonial epistemic hierarchies and to embrace the rich plurality of ways of knowing, ensuring that health data genuinely serves the well-being and prioritises the self-determination of those from all walks of life. This article critically examines Transform Health’s equity- and human rights-based ‘Health Data Governance Principles’ through a decolonial lens, interrogating their potential to foster equity in the rapidly expanding field of digital health. Grounded in a decolonial imperative, the article challenges dominant epistemologies that underpin current global health frameworks. The conceptual foundations and practical applications of the Health Data Governance Principles are then explored in light of the findings of an empirical study undertaken by the author which examined the Principles themselves, organisational perceptions thereof, and efforts towards their operationalisation. In particular, it interrogates whether these principles align with and address the needs and values of historically marginalised communities. Central to this analysis is the introduction of a decolonial nexus that brings into relation the decolonial concepts of ‘health data justice’, ‘epistemological delinking’ and the ‘vernacularisation of human rights’. This approach is intended to not only to expose epistemic injustice within prevailing health data governance models but also to centre emancipatory praxis in reclaiming knowledge, rights and representation in digital health agendas.

Based on new archival material, mainly police and judicial records and court sentences from the late 1940s, this article examines the legal and political background of the trials against homosexuals in post-revolutionary and early socialist Yugoslavia. During those years, at least two hundred men were convicted on prison terms for ‘unnatural fornication’ and some four hundred more were arrested and detained in police stations with their names entered into police registries. The year 1949 was particularly harsh for homosexuals in Yugoslavia. Two major anti-homosexual trials were held in Dubrovnik and Zagreb, when groups of homosexual men were accused of creating hotbeds of vice and debauchery. Perceived as a threat to the youth and their socialist upbringing, homosexuals were condemned as not only criminals but also renegades of the new socialist order and in some cases even as its saboteurs. Verdicts expressed a glaring ideological prejudice rooted in the notion that homosexuality was an expression of class exploitation, petty-bourgeois individualism and a visible sign of degeneration inherited from the old regime. The proper moral and sexual development of the youth, the first generation of the new socialist men and women, was consistently at the forefront of the reasoning behind guilty verdicts. This paper offers new insights into the legal history of homosexuality in Yugoslavia and contributes to the historiographical interpretation of ideological and political underpinnings surrounding homosexuality in early socialist regimes across Central and Eastern Europe.