This paper investigates the feasibility of using mycelium colonization to upcycle household waste, specifically cat litter and spent coffee grounds, into large-scale screening elements through 3D printing and toolpath-informed design. The study introduces a composite that repurposes cat litter, a household waste that is typically sent directly to landfill, as a substrate for fungal growth within additively manufactured forms. By eliminating casting molds and employing continuous fractal toolpaths, the fabrication approach reduces secondary material waste while enabling space-filling, intricate geometries with parametrically controlled spacing that supports mycelium growth. This process extends existing biofabrication precedents through increasing geometric complexity. The research develops a repeatable workflow integrating material circularity, mycelium colonization, 3D printing, and computational fractal design to support scalable biofabrication. Prototypes were produced and evaluated at three incremental scales: 9 cm, 15.24 cm, and 22.86 cm. This work contributes to the biodesign community by demonstrating a resource-efficient method for transforming cat litter into biodegradable screening panels within a circular material system.

Research that assesses individual judges’ ability to shape decisions typically focuses on courts that publish separate votes and opinions. Yet, many courts issue per curiam judgments that do not permit public dissent. To overcome this limitation, we use a convolutional neural network (CNN) to model the variation in judges’ expressed preferences from language in aggregated judgments. Specifically, we construct a CNN to analyze the written judgments of judge-rapporteurs and opinions of advocates-general from the Court of Justice of the European Union. Along a pro-/anti-EU dimension, we estimate how judgments differ within (1) each case relative to the advocate-general’s opinion, and (2) each judge-rapporteur, which captures how judges alter their writing across cases. Our results provide novel empirical support for theoretical models of European judicial decision-making: more pro-EU opinions driven by the Court, not the advocate-general or the judge-rapporteur, are associated with larger chambers and stronger external signals of compliance.

Breast cancer represents one of the main causes of mortality among women, and the consumption of bioactive compounds seems to contribute to improving the prognosis of the disease. However, the relationship between polyphenol intake and breast cancer has not yet been fully elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between polyphenol intake and breast cancer mortality, survival, and recurrence. This is an observational study with a prospective sample of 95 women, followed up for an average of 11.5 years. Intake of polyphenols was assessed using a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and estimated using the Phenol-Explorer® database. Cox proportional hazard models were used to investigate the associations. Survival curves were calculated using Kaplan-Meier analysis. An inverse association was found between the intake of total polyphenols, phenolic acids, and lignans, and the risk of breast cancer-specific mortality (HR= 0.20, 95% CI [0.05-0.80]; HR= 0.09, 95% CI [0.01-0.50]; HR= 0.15, 95% CI [0.04-0.63], respectively). Phenolic acids also showed an inverse association with breast cancer recurrence (HR= 0.35, 95% CI [0.13-0.98]) and all-cause mortality (HR= 0.23, 95% CI [0.07 - 0.77]). Coffee was the major contributor to total polyphenol, phenolic acid, and lignan intake. Total polyphenol intake was associated with longer survival when breast cancer mortality was considered (p=0.048). In conclusion, higher intake of polyphenols was associated with lower breast cancer-specific mortality. In addition, phenolic acids were associated with lower all-cause mortality and breast cancer recurrence. Further studies are needed to confirm these associations.

Recent quantitative work on the variable [g]\~{}[ŋ] alternation in compounds of certain dialects of Japanese has revealed token frequency of the compound as a whole, and of the compound’s second member in its freestanding form, to be important predictors of the alternation. We propose a formal phonological analysis that integrates usage-based factors like frequency with the action of the phonological grammar, extending mechanisms of lexicon–grammar interaction previously proposed in the context of Lexical Conservatism. We demonstrate that our model fits the experimental data better than – or at least comparably to – a theoretically naïve statistical model proposed in previous work. Based on the success of our modelling, we discuss the role of token frequency in phonological patterning more broadly, and how the mechanism that we propose might be extended to unify a range of contradictory frequency-dependent processes that have been observed in the literature.

Prioritising invasive species is crucial for managing invasions and mitigating impacts on biodiversity globally, yet most efforts are concentrated in the Global North, with significant gaps in the Global South. In the absence of region-specific assessments, land managers in the Global South often rely on broad global priority frameworks, whose relevance at smaller spatial scales remains uncertain. In addition to of spatial scale, robust prioritisation frameworks should incorporate multiple dimensions of species distribution and impact. To help fill this gap, in this study we used complementary approaches: herbarium-based and expert assessments to evaluate the distribution and impact of invasive plant species in a biodiversity hotspot in India. We scored species across different dimensions of impact, and generated a composite score that was used to rank and prioritise the invasive species. To understand the concordance of rankings across scales, we compared our regional rankings with national and global rankings for these species. We identified seventy-nine invasive plant species in the Northern Western Ghats and Konkan region, which revealed a ten-fold difference in their spatial extent. Expert assessments indicated that only few species had high scores across the different distribution and impact dimensions, while most had low to moderate scores. The results show that distribution-related dimensions were correlated, but impact-associated dimensions remained independent, highlighting the need to include both in prioritisation frameworks. Although most regional species were included in national and global invasive species lists, their priority rankings differed at these different scales. Overall, our study underscores the importance of integrating both distribution and impact dimensions for species prioritisation and highlights the importance of local-scale assessments for effective invasive species management.

Throughout the Mediterranean region, adherence to the Mediterranean diet is decreasing especially among young people. The Mediterranean diet is the most studied dietary pattern with proven health benefits, especially regarding the prevention of non-communicable diseases at a time when their incidence is increasing worldwide. It has also been recognized as a sustainable diet model with multiple interdependent benefits on social, cultural, environmental, and economic dimensions. Faced with the challenge of promoting adherence to the Mediterranean diet, a Joint Med Diet Task Force of CIHEAM, FENS, and IUNS was formed to set the path for reversing the erosion of the Mediterranean diet heritage, by promoting its benefits, as a way of living, as defined by UNESCO. In this paper, the rationale and propositions of the Joint Task Force are described for the development of a voluntary code of conduct for promoting the adherence of the Mediterranean diet, and sustainable diets per se, addressed to all interested stakeholders and rights holders, linking food consumption and production, toward sustainable food systems transformation in the Mediterranean and beyond.

Evidence on the association between coffee consumption timing patterns and metabolic syndrome (MetS) prevalence remains limited. This cross-sectional study analyzed data from 11632 participants aged 20 years or older in eight National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cycles (2003-2018), to examine how coffee consumption timing patterns and their combination with coffee amount relate to MetS. Coffee consumption timing patterns were identified using K-means clustering. Two timing patterns were identified: morning-concentrated and evenly distributed. Survey-weighted logistic regression was used to examine associations between timing patterns and MetS prevalence, adjusting for sociodemographic, lifestyle, and dietary covariates. The morning-concentrated pattern was significantly associated with lower prevalence of MetS (OR: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.68, 0.96) compared with non-drinkers, while the evenly distributed pattern showed no significant association. Results were robust across multiple sensitivity analyses. Combined analysis revealed that the morning-concentrated pattern was consistently associated with lower MetS prevalence across all intake levels. Stratified analyses showed stronger inverse associations among women, individuals with normal weight/underweight or overweight, and those aged ≤ 40 years, with significant effect modification by body mass index (BMI; P for interaction < 0.001) and age (P for interaction = 0.006) groups. These observational findings suggest that the timing of coffee consumption, particularly the morning-concentrated pattern, may be inversely associated with MetS prevalence.

The power grid is a critical infrastructure underpinning all aspects of modern society and its services. Maintaining its effectiveness requires continuous adaptations. In particular, addressing sustainability targets, demand patterns, and urbanisation trends requires implementing changes to the network. Actual developments can potentially span over a decade, with supply continuity and service quality that must be preserved throughout by ensuring conformance to several topological and combinatorial invariants. Long-term power grid planning deals with the above process, and although planning languages could be a natural choice, the kind of properties and invariants needed are cumbersome to express in such languages; on the contrary, they can be elegantly and succinctly encoded in answer set programming (ASP). In this paper, we propose the first approach to automate and optimise the long-term power grid planning process using ASP. Experimental evaluations conducted on synthetic and real-world grid data confirm the expressive power of the proposed ASP-based approach and demonstrate its effectiveness.

Justin’s epitome is a central source for significant parts of especially Hellenistic history, and it is our only window into the important work of Trogus. To understand Justin’s epitome and use it methodologically soundly, a reasonably firm grasp on its date of composition is, as always with ancient writers, central. This has proved elusive: the only indisputable terminus ante quem is Jerome’s mention of Justin from 407, and most commonly Justin is dated to either the year 200 or the late fourth and early fifth centuries. This article provides new arguments for a late dating of Justin’s work: Justin presents the obeisance demanded by Alexander the Great as a form of adoratio, a gesture which in turn is depicted as royal and Persian. This presentation of Alexander’s obeisance deviates markedly from the parallel sources, and the conceptualization of adoratio as Persian is unprecedented before the fourth century. On the other hand, Justin’s description exhibits clear parallels with the fourth-century critique of Diocletian for introducing the adoratio. This provides strong support for a late dating of Justin’s work, and the 390s or the first years of the fifth century may tentatively be suggested.

This paper explores the emergence of the bolo-player as a robust icon of personhood (Carr (2010)) in urban jiujitsu training rooms between China and the United States. I trace how this figure emerges as a kinesically enregistered stereotype (cf. Agha (2007)and Cohen (2021)) within a contrapuntal ecology of motion texts, from its mass-mediated origo: the berimbolo. Here, the berimbolo, or “scramble” in Brazilian Portuguese slang, describes a combination of movements in jiujitsu that—over a few generations—has mutated from an unintelligible zone of action leading to an inexplicable position of dominance for the player executing it; to a now highly choreographed repertoire of movements that have come to stand for an entire synesthetic ethics and personhood of bolo-ness.

The Endangered Kashmir musk deer Moschus cupreus is a conservation priority species facing population decline as a result of habitat loss and illegal hunting for its musk pod. Effective conservation requires identifying habitats that support the species’ survival and persistence. We used sign survey and camera-trap data with single-species occupancy modelling to examine the environmental factors influencing the species’ habitat use in Pattan Valley, Himachal Pradesh, and Govind Pashu Vihar National Park, Uttarakhand, India. We deployed a total of 43 camera traps and surveyed 54 trails in Pattan Valley, and had 23 camera traps and 43 trails in Govind Pashu Vihar National Park. The results indicate that M. cupreus occupies conifer forests (Pinus wallichiana, Picea smithiana, Abies spectabilis and Cedrus deodara, intermixed with Betula utilis) at 2,946–4,418 m in Pattan Valley, and mixed forests (P. wallichiana, P. smithiana, C. deodara, B. utilis, A. spectabilis, Taxus wallichiana and Quercus semecarpifolia) at 2,145–3,641 m in the National Park. Elevation and conifer forests had positive influences on the occupancy and detection probability of Kashmir musk deer in Pattan Valley, similarly mixed forests and elevation had positive influences on occupancy and detection probability, respectively, in Govind Pashu Vihar National Park. Contrarily, supporting model suggests that conifer forests have a negative influence on detection probability of Kashmir musk deer in the National Park. As high-altitude forested areas are vital habitat for M. cupreus, there is a need to improve protection and minimize anthropogenic disturbance in these areas. Our findings will aid wildlife managers in conservation planning and help inform management decisions for this species.

The maternal diet is believed to influence child neurodevelopment, at least in part, through inflammation, as dietary components can have pro- or anti-inflammatory effects. We examined the association between the energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index (E-DII) during pregnancy and offspring symptoms of behavioral and emotional problems at 5.5 and 10 years, using data from the French nationwide ELFE birth cohort. Dietary intake during pregnancy was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire and an E-DII score was generated. Child behavioral and emotional symptoms, (including hyperactivity-inattention, conduct, peer-relationship, and emotional problems), were evaluated by parents using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire at 5.5 (n=9627) and 10 years (n=8362) for: hyperactivity-inattention, conduct, peer-relationship, and emotional problems. Children were classified into three categories based on thresholds used to identify clinically relevant symptoms: “Normal”, “Borderline”, and “Atypical”. Multinomial logistic regression, adjusted for potential confounders was used to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. An increasing maternal E-DII score during pregnancy was associated with higher odds of offspring classified with atypical hyperactivity-inattention and conduct problem scores at 5.5 and 10 years, atypical peer-relationship problem scores at 10-years, and atypical emotional problem scores at 10 years (differentially by sex). A more proinflammatory diet during pregnancy was consistently associated with higher odds of symptoms of externalizing problems throughout childhood and with internalizing problems at 10 years. Future research should explore the mechanisms by which prenatal exposure to maternal diet-induced inflammation may contribute to these outcomes.

Although the intergenerational transmission of anxiety is well documented, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. In a community sample of mother–child dyads (N = 541; 54% male, 72% non-Hispanic White), we examined whether child behavioral inhibition (BI), a temperament characteristic that increases anxiety risk, mediated and/or moderated associations between maternal and child symptoms in early childhood. Greater maternal symptoms in infancy and at 3 years were associated with greater child symptoms at 3 years and 5 years (rs = .15–.23, ps < .01), but not with child BI at 3 years (rs = .00–.01, ps > .92). Thus, evidence for mediation was not observed. Moderation analyses revealed an interactive effect at 3 years (β = −0.13, p = .009): Among children with high BI, child symptoms were elevated regardless of maternal symptoms. Among children with moderate to low BI, greater maternal symptoms were associated with greater child symptoms. A similar pattern was observed at 5 years (β = −0.10, p = .113). Such associations were not observed when testing maternal depressive symptoms as predictor or child externalizing symptoms as outcome, supporting specificity for BI in intergenerational anxiety processes. Sex-specific effects in relation to BI were not observed. These findings contribute to our understanding of the role of child BI in the intergenerational transmission of anxiety in early childhood.

In the afternoon 20 May 1916, Ernest Shackleton with Frank Worsley and Tom Crean unexpectedly arrived at the whaling station in Stromness, South Georgia after completing one of the most extraordinary journeys in the history of Antarctic exploration. There are numerous versions of what actually happened on arriving at Stromness, whom they met and what was said during this first encounter between the whalers and the explorers. There has also at times been a confusion about which whaling station and at which building they arrived. Despite the discrepancies between several accounts dealing with the Stromness arrival, there has been little explicit analysis to try to separate fact from fiction. Despite some attempts to get the records straight, books and other publications on Shackleton still appear where details on the arrival are marred by fiction. This paper, therefore, continues the search for a “sober” narrative of what happened that afternoon in South Georgia more than a hundred years ago. A main reason to revisit the questions surrounding the arrival in Stromness now is the renewed focus on the Stromness Manager’s Villa that was finally repaired and stabilised during the Antarctic summer 2025/26.