Given a continuous linear cocycle $\mathcal {A}$ over a homeomorphism f of a compact metric space X, we investigate its set $\mathcal {R}$ of Lyapunov-Perron regular points, that is, the collection of trajectories of f that obey the conclusions of the Multiplicative Ergodic Theorem. We obtain results roughly saying that the set $\mathcal {R}$ is of first Baire category (i.e., meager) in X, unless some rigid structure is present. In some settings, this rigid structure forces the Lyapunov exponents to be defined everywhere and to be independent of the point; that is what we call complete regularity.

Feminism has been a major equalizing social movement that has faced powerful resistance. To better understand such opposition, we conceptualize, measure, and analyze perceptions of feminism as a threat, using a novel survey measure of feminism-related threat perceptions in Spain. Our results show that general psychological predispositions to feel threatened are among the most important predictors of perceptions of feminism as a threat. Contrary to expectations, women feel similarly threatened by feminism as men, which is driven by women’s generally higher predisposition to feel threatened. Further, men’s and women’s perceptions of feminism as threatening are associated with different political profiles: Men who feel threatened by feminism tend to sympathize with the far right, while women who feel threatened by feminism do not have a particular political profile. Our results highlight that feminism faces challenges that go beyond the expected anti-feminist attitudes driven by the intersection of gender and ideology.

Nadakkal Parameswaran Pillai, a worker at the Indian Coffee House (ICH) in Trichur, later recalled that the cooperative found its place in history through its “martyrdom” at the hands of Sanjay Gandhi during India’s Emergency (1975–1977). Before the state demolished its Connaught Place location in 1976, that flagship café in New Delhi became the largest and most visible expression of workers’ confidence. From selling coffee on the street, they collectively acquired prime urban property and created a central meeting place for ministers, bureaucrats, intellectuals, artists, and political activists. That ICH emerged as a site of resistance during the Emergency appears puzzling given its origins as a colonial Coffee Board enterprise. Yet its transformation into a workers’ cooperative reshaped both its clientele and its political significance, turning it by the 1970s into a space of oppositional sociability. The cooperative form itself was unexpected. In the decades before 1957, when ICH formally became a workers’ cooperative, Communist Party of India (CPI) leaders and union organizers had pursued nationalization as part of a broader vision of socialist development. After prolonged agitation, however, the CPI accepted the organization of newly unemployed Coffee Board workers into a cooperative rather than a state-owned enterprise—an outcome that disappointed many rank-and-file activists. Drawing on archival materials, memoirs, and oral histories from multiple continents, this article reconstructs the history of the ICH workers’ movement from the 1930s through the Emergency, explaining why workers first occupied and appropriated a colonial institution and ultimately compromised with the Nehruvian state.

The promise of cleansing judiciaries of judges who are unfit for democracy and rule of law paradigms has been central to judicial reforms for European post-communist countries approaching the Europe they imagined. Thrice already in the past 30 years, Central Eastern European (CEE) and Southeastern European countries (SEE) applied extraordinary accountability mechanisms for judges. The latter promised to be the exceptional and ultimate stretch for the judiciaries, a one-time necessary precondition for them to be able to transition out of the past and into the ‘fully fledged independent and accountable’ judiciary prescribed transnationally. From one round of judicial reforms to another, shaped by different requirements of transitional societies in Europe, judicial cleansing operations have returned to fix the same persisting problem of judicial integrity-building. This article aims to show these measures are not to be exclusively relied upon to instate sustainable independent and accountable courts, precisely because of the risks related to their extraordinary nature, their problematic rule of law exceptions, and the leeway for abuse they create in critical junctures as products and enablers of transition.

Although temperamental negative affectivity has been identified as a developmental mechanism mediating the link between perinatal risk and internalizing problems in early childhood, its role in predicting broader behavioral and emotional problems across childhood remains understudied. We examined the longitudinal relations among perinatal complications (i.e., prenatal maternal depression and cardiometabolic complications, preterm birth, and low birth weight), children’s negative affectivity (Mage = 2.76; SD = 2.32; range = 0.24–12.46 years), and children’s internalizing, externalizing, and total problems (Mage = 5.12; SD = 2.63; range = 1.50–16.85 years) in the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) program (N = 3070; 47% females). Results support child negative affectivity as a mechanism in the developmental pathway linking perinatal maternal depressive symptoms and preterm birth to future emotional and behavioral problems, underscoring the importance of early prevention and intervention efforts to promote psychological well-being of at-risk children.

This field report describes the operational characteristics and system-level challenges observed during a real-world mass-casualty incident in Taiwan. A multisource reconstruction was conducted using post-incident debriefing records, on-scene observations, emergency medical services operational logs, and publicly available media reports, focusing exclusively on response processes without accessing patient-identifiable information. Sixteen casualties were initially identified following a vehicle—pedestrian collision near an elementary school, including 4 cases of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. A total of 13 patients were ultimately transported to receiving hospitals. Although Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment was initiated promptly and all transports were completed within a short operational window, early triage decision-making occurred under conditions of high cognitive load and scene fragmentation. Digital support tools were available but were not activated during the initial response, necessitating reliance on handwritten notes and verbal communication for patient tracking and hospital notification. In addition, auxiliary personnel were present but not formally integrated into the incident command structure. These observations highlight execution-level challenges affecting triage coordination, information flow, and operational integration during real-world mass-casualty responses.

Italian ryegrass [Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorum (Lam.)] Husnot]; referred as L. multiflorum throughout the manuscript hereafter) is one of the most problematic grass weeds infesting agronomic and specialty crops across the United States. In 2023–2025, inadequate control of L. multiflorum populations (NY_R1, NY_R2, and NY_R3) with glyphosate was reported in Livingston, Ontario, and Genesee Counties, New York (NY). This research aimed to (1) confirm and quantify glyphosate resistance in these suspected glyphosate-resistant (GR) populations, (2) evaluate the efficacy of alternative postemergence herbicides, and (3) determine whether EPSPS gene amplification confers glyphosate resistance. A known glyphosate-susceptible (GS) population (AR_S) from Arkansas was included for comparison. Glyphosate dose–response assays indicated that NY_R1, NY_R2, and NY_R3 populations were 13-, 4-, and 5-fold resistant, respectively, relative to the AR_S population. Alternative postemergence herbicides, including clethodim, glufosinate, paraquat, and pinoxaden, provided 96 to 97% control and reduced shoot dry weight by 91 to 97% at 21 days after treatment (DAT). In contrast, nicosulfuron provided reduced control (63 to 74%) and limited biomass reduction (51 to 56%), suggesting possible resistance to acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides in three tested populations. Quantitative PCR analysis revealed that NY_R1 and NY_R3 had approximately 30-fold higher EPSPS gene copy numbers than AR_S, indicating gene amplification as a mechanism of glyphosate resistance. This study confirms the first case of GR L. multiflorum associated with EPSPS gene amplification in NY, underscoring the need for integrated, diversified weed management strategies to mitigate its further spread.

An experiment was conducted in 2022 and 2023 at multiple locations in North Carolina to identify alternative herbicide combinations capable of providing effective preplant foliar weed control when glyphosate is unavailable. All combinations containing rimsulfuron + thifensulfuron provided 95% to 98% control of henbit, comparable to all glyphosate-based combinations. Treatments containing glyphosate achieved 100% control of common chickweed, and rimsulfuron + thifensulfuron combined with clethodim (90%) or 2,4-D (89%) were the only treatments that provided comparable control. Paraquat effectively controlled henbit and common chickweed, providing 91% and 87% control of these species, respectively. Although no treatment controlled annual bluegrass as effectively as glyphosate-based mixtures, paraquat alone, paraquat + 2,4-D, and clethodim + rimsulfuron + thifensulfuron each achieved ≥ 88% control. Saflufenacil was highly efficacious on purple cudweed, providing control comparable to glyphosate (≥ 97%). Tiafenacil alone provided limited control of most of the weed species evaluated in this study, but showed compatibility in mixtures, suggesting utility within diversified preplant foliar herbicide programs targeting specific weeds. While glyphosate remains available for use, incorporating one or more of these herbicides could enhance control of glyphosate-resistant weed biotypes and reduce selection pressure on glyphosate-susceptible weeds. Overall, rimsulfuron + thifensulfuron, paraquat, saflufenacil, tiafenacil, and clethodim, applied alone or in combination, offer practical preplant foliar options that can strengthen existing glyphosate-based programs and sustain effective winter annual weed control should glyphosate become limited or unavailable.

Radiological incidents are rare, but can have significant public health consequences. Coordination across jurisdictions, government agencies, and different fields is critical to ensure an effective response that minimizes health impacts. State and local government agencies face challenges in responding to radiological incidents such as constrained resources, siloed communications, and gaps in workforce training and capacity. The National Alliance for Radiation Readiness (NARR) is a network of experts composed of 20 member organizations and 10 federal partners. The NARR seeks to advance the nation’s capacity for radiation readiness through expert input, workforce training and capacity building, and increase communication and collaboration.

Tens of millions of Americans are subject to drug and alcohol tests each year. How did this biochemical surveillance become so routine and normalized? This article examines the historical emergence, contestation, and gradual acceptance of the first biochemical surveillance technology, the drunkometer—the predecessor of the breathalyzer—which analyzed blood alcohol content in the breath. In the 1930s, public concerns over drunk driving grew alongside mistrust of rapidly expanding policing and security apparatuses. In this context, the drunkometer emerged as a seemingly commonsense solution to the problems of drunk driving and police mistrust, using a scientific technology to decenter law enforcement testimony and, in turn, streamline difficult cases. By examining contestations to the drunkometer in newspapers, court records, and other public documents, we detail how courts and the public gradually accepted the biochemical constitution of the body as the legitimate domain of authoritative institutions. We introduce the concept of “chemical citizenship” to analyze this authoritative institutional use of biochemical technologies to extract and deploy “the truth” about substance use as a mode of governing access to the rights and benefits of citizenship. We apply this concept to demonstrate how the drunkometer laid the foundation for contemporary drug testing.