This paper proposes a broadband, low-profile, dual-circularly polarized (CP) active phased array modular subarray. The subarray elements adopt dual-CP stacked microstrip patch antennas to expand the bandwidth. Each subarray has a complete structure and function, which can be used independently or extended to meet the requirements of different application scenarios. The impact of asymmetric plane is counteracted by a mirror-feed technique, which improves the consistency of scanning gain and axial ratio (AR) at both positive and negative angles. Meanwhile, the subarray can simultaneously form two beams of left-handed circular polarization (LHCP) and right-handed circular polarization (RHCP) for scanning. Finally, a modular subarray prototype with an 8 × 8 array scale was simulated, fabricated, and measured. The simulation results show that the scanning gain decreases by less than 2.19 dB at ±45° and 5.4 dB at ±60° at the frequency of 12.1 GHz. Moreover, within the frequency range of 10.23–12.77 GHz (22.08%), the active voltage standing wave ratios (VSWR) of LHCP and RHCP in the azimuth and elevation dimensions of the subarray are below 2, and the AR in the beam scanning range of ±45° and ±60° are less than 3 and 6 dB, respectively.

The use of metaphors, whether linguistic or visual, has been shown to enhance advertisement effectiveness, and sensory marketing research highlights the positive effects of appealing to consumers’ sensory perception. Synaesthetic metaphors, which involve metaphor and sensory experiences, are ideal for studying the effects of both metaphor and (multi)sensory cues in advertisements. We experimentally tested the hypothesis that the presence of (linguistic and/or visual) metaphor and the evocation of multiple senses will enhance advertisement appreciation and the intention to purchase the advertised product. We manipulated eight print advertisements, each of which was presented in the following conditions: (1) visual and linguistic synaesthetic metaphor; (2) linguistic but no visual synaesthetic metaphor; (3) visual but no linguistic synaesthetic metaphor; and (4) neither visual nor linguistic synaesthetic metaphor. Each advertisement was also rated for its multisensoriality, that is, its association with the five basic senses. Results partly supported the hypothesis, showing that advertisements with both visual and linguistic synaesthetic metaphors and those perceived as more multisensory were most appreciated. However, purchase intentions were not influenced by either metaphor or multisensoriality. This indicates that higher aesthetic appreciation does not necessarily translate into higher purchase intentions, suggesting the need for further research into additional influencing factors.

This study aimed to investigate 1) the longitudinal associations between food patterns and body weight in young adulthood, and 2) how food patterns of young adults relate to food consumption in early, middle and late childhood. The study sample includes 700 participants of the Québec Longitudinal Study of Child Development. During childhood, frequency of consumption of various foods was reported on ten occasions between 1.5 and 13 years. At age 22 years, food frequency questions (with quantities) were used to derive four food patterns (labeled healthy, beverage-rich, protein-rich, and high-energy-density) through exploratory factor analysis. Self-reported height and weight were collected at 22 and 23 years. Regression analyses were performed to assess associations between 1) food patterns and weight outcomes a year later (BMI, BMI change, and overweight status); 2) frequency of consumption of eight food groups in childhood and food patterns in adulthood. Dietary habits characterised by the consumption of vegetables, fruit, plant-based sources of protein and whole-grain cereal products were related to a lower risk of obesity a year later. Conversely, dietary habits characterised by a high consumption of energy-dense foods, of animal sources of proteins and, among women, of high quantities of liquids were associated with higher risk of excess weight a year later. Healthier food choices in childhood were associated with healthier food patterns in young adulthood. These findings reinforce the value of preventive dietary interventions in the early years to foster eating environments that favour healthy eating and healthy weights in adulthood.

Professor Stephan Harbarth obtained his medical degree from the University of Munich in 1993. He completed postgraduate training in internal medicine and infectious diseases in both Munich and Geneva. After serving as a clinical research fellow in infectious diseases at Geneva University Hospitals (HUG), he pursued postgraduate studies in epidemiology at Harvard School of Public Health, earning a Master of Science in Epidemiology in 1999. He continued his research activities at Children’s Hospital of Harvard Medical School until 2001.

In April 2007, he was appointed Attending Physician in the Infection Prevention and Control Service (SPCI) at HUG and also served as a consultant in the Infectious Diseases Service. He became head of the SPCI in October 2022.

A Privat-docent at the Faculty of Medicine since 2006, Professor Harbarth was appointed Associate Professor in 2010 and Full Professor in 2018. His research focuses on the epidemiology and prevention of antibiotic-resistant infections, as well as on antibiotic stewardship. A renowned expert in this field, he serves on numerous national and international expert committees. His work has received multiple awards, including the prestigious Robert Koch Award in 2022 for hospital hygiene and infection prevention.

His research group focuses on clinical and epidemiological studies aimed at addressing key issues related to the control of acquisition, transmission, and infection by multidrug-resistant organisms, as well as the associated clinical and public health burden. His work on the impact and control of nosocomial transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL)-producing organisms has significantly improved strategies to combat these pathogens. His additional research interests include the molecular epidemiology of emerging bacteria, pharmaco-epidemiology and antibiotic optimization, and the rapid diagnosis of severe infections. He has been involved in several large-scale, EU-funded studies (REVERSE, ECRAID, COMBACTE) and led the major European project “Drive-AB,” which coordinated over 20 public and private partner institutions across 12 European countries to address this public health threat.

Professor Stephan Harbarth was included in the Highly Cited Researchers™ 2022 list.

In many countries, women participate in politics at lower rates than men. This gap is often most pronounced among young adults. Civic education programs that provide non-partisan political information are commonly used to try to close this gender gap. However, information alone rarely reduces the gap and sometimes exacerbates it. We extend the literature emphasizing the psychological resources women need to participate by evaluating whether embedding efficacy-promoting messages within civic education reduces gender disparities in participation. In collaboration with Zambian civic organizations, we implemented a field experiment before national elections that randomly assigned urban young adults to an information-only course or the same course with efficacy-promoting messages. We find that the efficacy-promoting course substantially increased young women’s political interest and participation, narrowing gender gaps across a wide range of behavioral and attitudinal outcomes. We discuss the study’s implications for theories of political participation and the design of civic education.

The leptomedusa Dichotomia cannoides is reported for the first time from the Red Sea, extending its known distribution beyond the western Atlantic and western Pacific Ocean. Five specimens were documented in the northern Gulf of Aqaba, and one was collected for molecular analysis. In situ photography was used to extract diagnostic characters and natural habitus. DNA barcoding of the mitochondrial COI gene showed 98.03% identity with D. cannoides from Florida. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed its placement within D. cannoides, distinct from related leptothecate taxa. This finding increases the number of Leptothecata species recorded in the region to 15. The delayed detection of D. cannoides in the Red Sea may be due to its small size, limited seasonality or a recent introduction via ballast water or hull fouling. The species remains known only from its medusa stage. We further discuss how environmental DNA may help uncover its life cycle and those of other hydrozoans.

This study examines the future temporal reference (FTR) system among Francophones and Anglophones speaking English in Kapuskasing, Ontario. Previous studies have shown that in Laurentian French, the go future is the preferred variant, and the strongest determinant of variant choice is polarity: negatives strongly favor the inflected future. In Canadian English, the go future has no polarity effect and there is robust variation with will, highlighting a key contrast in the underlying constraints between the French and English FTR systems. The results show that while older Anglophones pattern in tandem with known studies of English, Francophones, as well as young Anglophones, exhibit the polarity contrast of the French system, even though they are speaking English. We suggest that these results may stem from social alignment between Francophones and Anglophones driven by increasing linguistic and social symmetry in the community, as well as increasing positive affect toward French in Kapuskasing.

This paper uses a novel georeferenced cross-sectional dataset to explore which factors influenced the funding of hospitals and dispensaries in colonial India, emphasizing land tenure systems as a cause of regional variation. Where land was owned by cultivators, healthcare facilities received more resources from local public bodies and were better funded compared to regions where land was owned by landlords. In contrast, in landlord regions they received more private donations and subscriptions from Indians.

A compact low-SAR antenna for the Wireless Body Area Network is tailored using Characteristic Mode Analysis exciting the dominant modes. The novel antenna structure produces resonance at 2.45 and 5.9 GHz. The antenna with the dimensions of 0.286λ₀ × 0.265λ₀ × 0.012λ₀, for free-space wavelength. To make the antenna compatible with the human body, an Artificial Magnetic Conductor is incorporated. This engineered periodic structure achieves 0° reflection phase at 2.45 and 5.9 GHz, effectively mimicking a perfect magnetic conductor at these frequencies. The AMC-coupled antenna had resilience to body effects providing isolation. This also makes the antenna human compatible by reducing the Specific Absorption Rate of the antenna below 1.6 W/kg and enhancing the gain of the antenna. The fabricated prototype is experimentally validated using minced meat as a biological phantom. This confirms the feasibility of magnetically engineered reflective surfaces for antenna making it suitable for human wearable applications.