This paper presents excavation results from Nyabusora, northern Tanzania, conducted by M. Posnansky and W.W. Bishop (1959) and M. Posnansky (1961). Only preliminary reports have previously been published. It synthesises the site’s history, incorporating previously unpublished analyses and information from Posnansky’s original field notes, and presents new 2014 field survey results and new archival research. Nyabusora holds particular significance as the only Early to Middle Stone Age (ESA/MSA) site in the region to have yielded both lithic and faunal remains, which gain new relevance in light of recent developments in ESA/MSA archaeology in eastern Africa. Nyabusora’s ‘Sangoan’ lithic assemblage is now largely decontextualised and associated finds have been lost, so this study presents the only available lithic and faunal analyses, alongside interpretations of the stratigraphic sequence and site. Such stratified assemblages are exceptionally rare and are generally attributed to the Middle Pleistocene. This research enhances understanding of Plio-Pleistocene landscape evolution in the Kagera River and western Lake Victoria-Nyanza Basin. It contributes important new data on ESA/MSA lithic variability and, via ongoing investigations by Basell within the Kagera catchment, offers huge potential for clarifying Middle Pleistocene palaeoenvironments.

The purpose of this article is to bring provincial and local perspectives into the research of urban space in the wartime Habsburg monarchy. Using the case of Olmütz/Olomouc, a midsize town in central Moravia, it analyzes how various social actors used public space and how they could appropriate its symbolic meaning in wartime. While local urban geography had long been contested by political, most often nationalist actors, World War I introduced fresh themes to the context of the city. Public rituals of loyalty repurposed and intensified some of the old traditions, even as organized and unorganized actors sought to “capture,” “invade,” and potentially “occupy” the same spaces to highlight their agendas in public demonstrations whose form owed much to the traditional public rituals. After October 1918, when the balance of power shifted between nationalist groups, the contest for urban space continued, along with ongoing political unrest, showing strong continuity of wartime practices into the immediate postwar era both in terms of political instability and in terms of the patterns of public ritual.

McEuen Cave (AZ W:13:6 (ASM)) is a large bedrock rockshelter located within an andesitic rocky ash flow tuff/ignimbrite within the Bureau of Land Management’s Fishhooks Wilderness Area near Fort Thomas, Arizona. Exceptional preservation at the site has produced an extensive assemblage of perishable artifacts, including a tremendous quantity of cultigen remains radiocarbon dated between 3600 BP and 1250 BP. In this paper, we provide the results of a new radiocarbon dating effort aimed at identifying additional early Silverbell Interval cultigens and clarifying the intensity and persistence of Early Agricultural Period occupation. Our goal is to better understand the age and extent of early cultivation activities within this high-elevation wilderness and contextualize the remains from this site with the more thoroughly understood co-eval Early Agricultural Period villages evidenced along major riverways such as the San Pedro and Santa Cruz in southern Arizona. [Spanish language abstract: La cueva McEuen (AZ W:13:6 (ASM)) es un gran refugio rocoso de lecho rocoso ubicado dentro de una toba/ignimbrita de flujo de cenizas rocosas andesíticas dentro del área silvestre Fishhooks de la Oficina de Administración de Tierras cerca de Fort Thomas, Arizona. La preservación excepcional en el sitio ha producido un extenso conjunto de artefactos perecederos, incluyendo una tremenda cantidad de restos de cultígenos fechados por radiocarbono entre 3600 BP y 1250 BP. En este documento, proporcionamos los resultados de un nuevo esfuerzo de datación por radiocarbono destinado a identificar cultígenos adicionales del Arcaico tardío-medio y aclarar la intensidad y persistencia de la ocupación del Período Agrícola Temprano. Nuestro objetivo es comprender mejor la edad y el alcance de las actividades de cultivo tempranas dentro de este desierto de gran altitud y contextualizar los restos de este sitio con las aldeas coeval del Período Agrícola Temprano mejor entendidas evidenciadas a lo largo de las principales vías fluviales como el San Pedro y el Santa Cruz en el sur de Arizona.]

Cross-country regressions suggest that protectionism supported industrialization. I leverage novel and highly granular data covering Swedish manufacturing firms to estimate the impact of Sweden’s shift toward protectionism after 1891 on establishment-level development. Using mainly two-way fixed effects regressions, I show that tariff increases had a heterogeneous impact across establishments: initially low-productivity establishments increased their productivity, while initially high-productivity establishments experienced a relative decline. I suggest that tariffs differentially shaped the incentives of managers in low- and high-productivity establishments to innovate and (re)organize production. Consistent with modern trade theory, heterogeneous establishment-level dynamics underlie a potential tariff-growth paradox.

This paper focuses on the Aw–Rascle model of traffic flow for the Born–Infeld equation of state with Coulomb-like friction, whose Riemann problem is solved with the variable substitution method. Four kinds of nonself-similar solutions are derived. The delta shock occurs in the solutions, although the system is strictly hyperbolic with a genuinely nonlinear characteristic field and a linearly degenerate characteristic field. The generalized Rankine–Hugoniot relation and entropy condition for the delta shock are clarified. The delta shock can be used to describe the serious traffic jam. Under the impact of the friction term, the rarefaction wave (R), shock wave (S), contact discontinuity (J) and delta shock ($\delta $) are bent into parabolic curves. Furthermore, it is proved that the $S+J$ solution and $\delta $ solution of the nonhomogeneous Aw–Rascle model tend to be the $\delta $ solution of the zero-pressure Euler system with friction; the $R+J$ solution and $R+\mbox {Vac}+J$ solution tend to be the vacuum solution of the zero-pressure Euler system with friction.

Sally Sedgwick seems to be incapable of writing dull books, and she has once again given proof of this. She has written a short but very ambitious book, nominally on Hegel’s philosophy of history, but really about Hegel in general and how we should understand him. Her idea is that Hegel’s philosophy of history is a special entry point to Hegel’s thought as a whole so that instead of Hegel-the-philosopher-of-the-necessary-Absolute, we should see Hegel as fundamentally a philosopher of finitude, a proponent of the contingency and historical situatedness of all of our thoughts, who, as a philosopher of finite humility, did not think that we could ever assume the viewpoint of God as he is sometimes alleged to have tried to do.

In their article, Pope and colleagues examine the ethical, legal, and practical complexities associated with the use of advance directives (ADs) to pursue voluntarily stopping eating and drinking (VSED) in the context of patients with advanced dementia. The authors detail the shortcomings of current VSED ADs, and they review a new VSED AD that they argue addresses these shortcomings and provides a better solution to the complexities associated with implementing VSED ADs. While the authors make a robust argument for the overall need and supportability of VSED ADs, this commentary highlights a problem that still persists even with the new VSED AD, specifically the absence of a robust ethical justification for continuing to honor the VSED AD even when the advanced dementia patient is requesting to eat or drink in the context of distress and suffering. Without this robust ethical justification, moral distress of family and caregivers is likely to occur, which could jeopardize the larger implementation of the VSED AD. Rather than pursue this more extreme measure without robust ethical justification, the commentary argues that the authors’ alternative proposal of minimal comfort feeding is the more practical and ethical strategy that best balances the patient’s longer- and shorter-term interests.