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Who is deemed deathworthy, and how is this status produced? What discourses, affects, and histories enable the industrialization of premature Black death while rendering it largely invisible? Rooted in a decolonial queer feminist epistemological framework, this article examines how discursive and affective strategies in U.K. print media and immigration policies during the European “refugee crisis” (2013–2016) justified routine death-making at sea. Conceptualizing Blackness as a relational political and epistemological tool, the article reveals how media and state actors—drawing on racialized mythologies of young single Black men and appeals to imperial nostalgia—constructed these men as objects of panic, disgust, resentment, and fear. Applying collocation analysis and visualization techniques, the article theorizes “affective-racialized networks”—discursive formations that circulate and accumulate affective meanings across space and time, shaping public perception and legitimizing policies of deterrence, externalization, and active abandonment. These networks sustained the routinized deaths of Black migrant men at sea, reinforcing Europe’s imperial border regimes. By foregrounding the mutual constitution of race, affect, and temporality, this study expands migration scholarship’s engagement with race, demonstrating how racial logics operate beyond geopolitical and temporal boundaries through transnational circuits of meaning, power, and governance. The article argues that centering Blackness and affect is essential to understanding how racialization functions and how Black deaths are rendered normative within global bordering practices.
Rogue waves (RWs) can form on the ocean surface due to the well-known quasi-four-wave resonant interaction or superposition principle. The first is known as the nonlinear focusing mechanism and leads to an increased probability of RWs when unidirectionality and narrowband energy of the wave field are satisfied. This work delves into the dynamics of extreme wave focusing in crossing seas, revealing a distinct type of nonlinear RWs, characterised by a decisive longevity compared with those generated by the dispersive focusing (superposition) mechanism. In fact, through fully nonlinear hydrodynamic numerical simulations, we show that the interactions between two crossing unidirectional wave beams can trigger fully localised and robust development of RWs. These coherent structures, characterised by a typical spectral broadening then spreading in the form of dual bimodality and recurrent wave group focusing, not only defy the weakening expectation of quasi-four-wave resonant interaction in directionally spreading wave fields, but also differ from classical focusing mechanisms already mentioned. This has been determined following a rigorous lifespan-based statistical analysis of extreme wave events in our fully nonlinear simulations. Utilising the coupled nonlinear Schrödinger framework, we also show that such intrinsic focusing dynamics can be captured by weakly nonlinear wave evolution equations. This opens new research avenues for further explorations of these complex and intriguing wave phenomena in hydrodynamics as well as other nonlinear and dispersive multi-wave systems.
Since 2021, 18 states in the USA have restricted education on race and structural inequality. Conservative coalitions frame these restrictions as a war on “woke” ideologies. Through interviews with youth and educators in locales (Florida; Georgia; and York, Pennsylvania) that restrict education on race and structural inequality, I investigate the following: What discourses do students and educators use to describe bills that restrict race-related studies? What, if anything, do their discourses suggest about the perceived political implications of these restrictions?
In this study, I argue that gleaning students’ and educators’ views on “anti-woke” legislation sheds light on the perceived political consequences of these bills for American democracy. I find that students and educators perceive restrictions on race-related studies as epistemic injustices that divest society of the knowledge to identify, problematize, and redress the structural conditions that (re)produce racial subordination. For participants, the health of democracy is contingent on addressing racial disempowerment. Hence, they suggest that restrictions on race-related studies encumber democracy precisely because these policies impose epistemologies of racial ignorance that impede racial redress and allow systems of racial inequality to fester.
Within the medical model, ‘impairment’ is required for a diagnosis of autism. However, the diagnostic manuals provide limited guidance as to how to interpret impairment, which can impact diagnostic rates and the provision of support. Impairment is discussed within the context of the medical model and current sociocultural landscape.
In legal proceedings, a fact-finder needs to decide whether a defendant is guilty, or not, based on probabilistic evidence. We defend the thesis that the defendant should be found guilty just in case it is rational for the fact-finder to believe that the defendant is guilty. We draw on Leitgeb’s stability theory for an appropriate notion of rational belief and show how our thesis solves the problem of statistical evidence. Finally, we defend our account of legal proof against challenges from Staffel and compare it to a recent competitor put forth by Moss.
To summarise the characteristics and postoperative outcomes in paediatric patients with coronary sinus septal defect.
Method:
This retrospective study recruited paediatric patients diagnosed with coronary sinus septal defect from the Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute between 2011 and 2023. Clinical characteristics, echocardiographic parameters, surgical procedures, and postoperative outcomes were collected from electronic health records.
Results:
Among the 68 patients, 50% were male, with a median age of 1.0 years. Four cases (5.9%) were diagnosed during the prenatal period. The proportions of patients with type I, II, III, and IV coronary sinus septal defect were 51.5%, 5.9%, 16.1%, and 26.5%, respectively. The most common coexisting cardiac anomalies were persistent left superior caval vein. Twenty-seven cases were either missed or misdiagnosed by echocardiogram, accounting for 39.7% of the overall cases, with type I being the most frequently missed diagnosis. Fifty-four patients underwent surgery, two patients received transcutaneous intervention, while the remaining patients did not undergo any surgery or intervention. At follow-up, two patients with type I coronary sinus septal defect died from multiorgan dysfunction, and one patient underwent reoperation due to narrowing of the extracardiac tunnel. The remaining patients did not experience any major events and recovered well.
Conclusion:
Paediatric patients with coronary sinus septal defect often do not exhibit specific clinical manifestations. Enhancing our understanding of the anatomic and haemodynamic characteristics of coronary sinus septal defect can improve the diagnostic accuracy of echocardiography. If diagnosis is suspected, confirmation can be obtained by cardiac CT and cardiac magnetic resonance. Accurate preoperative and intraoperative diagnosis of coronary sinus septal defect contributes to high surgical success rates and favourable treatment outcomes.
In this article I begin by presenting some examples from Early-Modern French of how, using a large multi-genre database (Frantext), it is possible to track the spread of change and how it embeds across different genres (the genres in Frantext ranging from correspondence and first-person travel narratives to essays and poetry). These case studies allow us to explore a number of questions, including which changes seem to diffuse “from above” and which rather come “from below”; and which textual sources best reflect “authentic” usage or indeed are closest to reflecting spoken usage. They also raise questions as to whether it is possible to create a continuum of genres with those that are more “progressive” or are early adopters of change at one end, and those which are more resistant to change at the other. I then discuss some of the challenges surrounding this work, including the theorization (or lack of theorization) of text types and genres in various corpora and the privileging of other factors when they are elaborated. Consequently, there is currently a lack of comparability between different corpora in the way they categorize and calibrate different text types and genres.
As new concepts to protect marine structures from ocean waves, we propose the use of a floating elastic annulus. In this paper, two types of annuli are demonstrated. The first is a ‘wave shield’, which creates a calm free surface within an inner domain of the annulus by preventing wave penetration. The second is a ‘cloak’, which not only creates a calm space within the inner domain but also prevents wave scattering outside the annulus. To evaluate the calmness of the inner domain of the annulus, an inlet wave energy factor is newly defined. The wave shield is designed to minimise the inlet wave energy factor to nearly zero. However, the cloak is designed to minimise both the inlet wave energy factor and scattered-wave energy which evaluates the amount of wave scattering at far-field. Each annulus consists of several horizontal concentric annular plates, and the flexural rigidities of the plates are optimised to minimise objective functions at a target frequency. Numerical simulations demonstrate that both the wave shield and the cloak can create calm free surfaces within their inner domains. In addition, the cloak effectively suppresses the outgoing scattering waves and reduces the resultant wave drift force.
Transoral robotic surgery is a minimally invasive technique used in the management of head and neck cancer, though post-operative odynophagia can be a significant issue. There is debate about the necessity of elective nasogastric tube placement during the peri-operative period. This study examines the proportion of patients requiring elective nasogastric tube placement and evaluates whether pre-operative factors predict the need for nasogastric tube feeding.
Methods
Data from patients who underwent transoral robotic surgery in Oxford were analysed to assess correlations between pre-operative factors and nasogastric tube feeding.
Results
Fifty-three patients undergoing transoral robotic surgery underwent elective nasogastric tube placement; 43 per cent required the nasogastric tube for feeding or medication. Multivariate analysis showed significant associations between nasogastric tube feeding and sex (p = 0.028), peri-neural invasion (p = 0.024), tumour size (p = 0.012) and concurrent neck dissection (p = 0.019).
Conclusion
Although nearly half of the patients benefited from elective nasogastric tube placement, the remainder did not. Benefits and risks of elective nasogastric tube placement should be carefully considered.
We conduct direct numerical simulations (DNS) to investigate the attenuation of turbulence in a periodic cube due to the addition of prolate spheroidal solid particles. Even with a dilute volume fraction of $O(10^{-2})$, particles can drastically attenuate the turbulence. Our DNS show that the turbulent kinetic energy reduces more significantly when the particles’ Stokes number is larger, size is smaller or aspect ratio is larger. We can explain these results based on the formula proposed by Oka and Goto (2022 J. Fluid Mech.949, A45), which relates the turbulence attenuation rate to the energy dissipation rate $\epsilon _p$ around particles. More precisely, under the condition that the volume fraction of particles is fixed, $\epsilon _p$ is larger when the Stokes number and, therefore, the relative velocity between fluid and particles are larger, the particle size is smaller or the aspect ratio is larger. These results also imply that the rotation of the anisotropic particles plays only a limited role in the attenuation of turbulence when the Stokes number of particles is sufficiently large, because the main cause of the attenuation is the relative translational velocity between fluid and particles.
This is a unique case of microbubbles incidentally found on echocardiogram in a child with unpalliated CHD. The microbubbles were found in both the venous and arterial circulations and spontaneously resolved. A detailed evaluation was done to identify the source of air in the circulation. The child did have concurrent necrotising enterocolitis, and it was felt that the bubbles were secondary to this and intestinal translocation of air.
This article provides a global ranking of research productivity of political science departments. We collected data on 115,427 articles and 12,696 books—written in both English and other languages—from 5,586 faculty members in 178 departments in North America, Europe, Asia, Latin America, Oceania, and Africa. Departments are ranked in terms of citations to articles published by faculty members, impact factors of journals in which they published, and number of top publications in which they published. Results are presented for overall and more recent research productivity.
Patients undergoing total laryngectomy who have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are unable to use dry-powder inhalers due to the anatomical changes after surgery and are therefore at greater risk of post-operative pulmonary complications. In our practice, we identified a scarcity of resources available to help clinicians decide on a suitable alternative. Hence, we sought to provide a solution that would address this issue.
Methods
Within our head and neck centre, we worked with the respiratory team and specialist pharmacists to create a simple conversion table to help clinicians identify alternatives to dry-powder inhalers.
Results
A table was designed that shows which metered-dose inhalers when connected to a spacer and an infant face mask overlying the laryngeal stoma can be used.
Conclusion
Our table can be used as a resource by clinicians to improve the perioperative and long-term care of patients who cannot use dry-powder inhalers.
An association between weekend/off-hour care and unfavorable clinical outcomes has been observed, commonly called the “weekend effect.” In the present study, we examined whether there was a weekend effect associated with blood culture (BC) contamination, which can lead to inappropriate medical resource consumption.
Methods:
We conducted a single-center retrospective observational study using data from BC tests performed on adult patients. The primary outcome was the incidence of BC contamination, which was compared between weekend and weekday sampling groups. In a multivariable logistic analysis, we evaluated the association between weekend sampling and the incidence of BC contamination.
Results:
The analysis included 7,597 weekend and 50,655 weekday BC sets from 1 January 2013 to 31 December 2019. The proportion of BC contamination during the study period was 1.15% (87/7,597) and 0.80% (405/50,655) in the weekend and weekday groups, respectively. In the logistic regression analysis adjusted for blood sampling settings, weekend sampling was significantly associated with increased BC contamination (odds ratio, 1.36; 95% confidence interval, 1.06–1.71).
Conclusions:
This study highlighted a significant association between weekend blood sampling for BC and an increased incidence of contamination. To provide better-quality care, further studies evaluating the differences in staffing and blood collection processes on weekends and weekdays are warranted.
Islands are known for high rates of species extinction, especially for large birds, entailing losses of ecological functions such as seed dispersal. Improving our knowledge of interactions between the flora and fauna is critical to better understand the functioning of island ecosystems and protect their unique biodiversity. Here, we assessed the role of the endemic New Caledonian imperial pigeon, Ducula goliath Gray, 1859, as a key disperser of native rainforest trees. D. goliath is one of the largest species of fruit pigeons worldwide and is classified as “nearly threatened” on the IUCN Red List of threatened species due to overhunting and habitat shrinkage. We analysed the seed dispersal syndrome of 460 tree species and found that 82% of these species are likely dispersed by internal animal transportation. Diaspore consumption observations support that D. goliath would be the only bird disperser for about 20% of these species. We suggest that besides birds the only native alternate dispersers for these species could be the three flying fox species (genus Pteropus). Conservation actions and hunting regulations should continue to be improved to mitigate further adverse effects on D. goliath and the key dispersal function it provides.