The literature on cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) practitioner development suggests that extensive training that monitors adherence and reinforces skilfulness produces increased therapist competence, which is related to better patient outcomes. However, little is still known about how trainees perceive their training and its impact on what they understand to be competent CBT practice. Fifteen trainee and recently qualified CBT practitioners who were taking or had taken a UK BABCP Level 2 CBT training course were recruited and asked to complete a photo elicitation task followed by a semi-structured individual interview. Reflexive thematic analysis resulted in an over-arching theme of training as a personal odyssey, consisting of four main themes: (1) an opportunity to work in a meaningful and interesting profession; (2) a reflective learning process, (3) a well-rounded practitioner, and (4) a worthwhile outcome. The multi-faceted nature of each theme is described and related to existing theory and to author reflexivity. Recommendations are made for ways these findings might be applied to help make CBT training more effective and less demanding, and for future research. Limitations of the study include the preponderance of participants drawn from the NHS Talking Therapies for Anxiety and Depression programme in England and the lack of gender and ethnic diversity.

Key learning aims

1. (1) To understand better the motivation to train, and the experience of training and its outcomes for trainee and recently qualified UK CBT practitioners.

2. (2) To explore what competence in CBT means to participants, and how they evaluate their competence.

3. (3) To describe participants’ perceptions of how training has influenced their own development of competence including the role of the personal and professional selves.

4. (4) To consider practical implications for CBT training.

Taking a feminist critical approach, this paper employs Levinas’s thinking on sensibility and time in Otherwise than being to develop a concept of the body as an original intercorporeality through the fact of having been born which, I argue, provides material depth to his critique of the sovereign subject. Contra Guenther’s (2006) development of a maternal ethics based on Levinas’s assertion that the ethical relation of substitution is “like a maternal body,” I argue that modeling a Levinasian conception of ethics upon the maternal body risks perpetuating normative ideas surrounding motherhood and reproduction. Yet I argue that, apart from a Levinasian conception of ethics, the notion of substitution evokes the situation of pregnancy in which the mother breathes for the fetus. Finally, I conceptualize Levinas’s notion of the oneself as descriptive of all (human) bodies which retain a trace from the body from which they were born. Reading Levinas and Irigaray (2017) together, I argue that the notion of the oneself marks a move from the abstract concept of the subject to the concrete notion of the body as an original intercorporeality whose capacity to breathe autonomously rests upon an immemorial “inspiration” by the body from which it was born.

When first learning about geometric series, students often wonder why these series are termed 'geometric'. The geometry of some geometric series is readily apparent for some common series such as

$$\sum\limits_{n = 1}^\infty{\left( {\frac{1}{2}} \right)}^n = \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{4} + \frac{1}{8} + ...{\text{ }}.$$

According to Mitchelmore [1], generalisations are the cornerstone of school mathematics, covering various aspects like numerical generalisation in algebra, spatial generalisation in geometry and measurement, as well as logical generalisations in diverse contexts. The process of generalising lies at the heart of mathematical activity, serving as the fundamental method for constructing new knowledge [2, 3]. In this paper we will generalise an interesting geometry problem that appeared in the 1995 edition of the International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO) [4].

Which electorates suit which women candidates for higher office? This question becomes increasingly important as greater numbers of women run for office in American elections. Consistent with previous research, we posit that women candidates will win a greater percentage of the vote share in so-called women-friendly electorates. However, we suggest that these contextual effects will vary based on the interaction between candidate partisanship and race. To test these expectations, we use a unique dataset created by the authors to examine 264 women – 209 white, 55 non-white –who ran for executive office in the American states during the 10-year period between 2010 and 2019. We find support for our expectations. There are strong contextual effects that diverge along party and racial lines. Non-white Democratic women candidates’ vote share increases by up to 25 percentage points as the electorate becomes more women friendly; white Democratic women’s vote share increases by 10 percentage points. In contrast, white Republican women candidates’ vote share is highest in less women-friendly electorates. These analyses pose important questions about recruitment, representation, and intersectional identities in American politics. As the pool of candidates for both parties diversifies, these findings may explain patterns of emergence and success.

This article investigates the placement of subjects and objects in American heritage Norwegian (AmNo). While previous studies of argument placement in AmNo (Anderssen & Westergaard 2020) have only included present-day heritage and homeland speakers, we make use of new corpus resources and compare present-day heritage speakers to an older generation of heritage speakers, emigrant speakers, and homeland dialect speakers born around the time of mass emigration. The study includes three positions in the clause: the initial position (Spec-CP) in main clauses, and placement before and after negation (i.e., subject shift and object shift). The results show that while the structure of the C-domain appears to be intact, there is an increasing preference for SV order in the heritage language (see also Westergaard & Lohndal 2019, Westergaard et al. 2021). We argue that this has consequences for the distribution of subjects and objects further down in the clause; however, apart from this, the principles for subject shift and object shift remain remarkably stable over time. To a large extent, variation in subject shift and object shift observed in the baseline is transmitted across generations in American Norwegian; a clear difference is only observed in the limited context of tag questions (see also Anderssen & Westergaard 2020). We suggest that the increase in SV order in American Norwegian is a consequence of pressure to ease processing (see, e.g., Polinsky 2018), although cross-linguistic influence might also be involved. There is little (or no) evidence of change of the underlying syntax of American Norwegian.

Scholars have long touted the power of moral convictions in shaping political attitudes. Moral reframing involves designing messages that align with an opponent’s moral convictions with the goal of increasing their willingness to adopt that position. Using lessons from the literature on political psychology, we examine the rhetoric used by legislators supporting and opposing transgender athlete bans in US states to determine how moral reframing was used. We find that the moral convictions of both sides, coupled with their emphasis on in-groups and out-groups, lead legislators to interpret the fundamental principles of the bills differently. This dynamic renders it challenging to reframe moral arguments in a manner that might sway opponents. Additional research is needed to study the efficacy of moral reframing in legislative debates on transgender-related policies.

This Article is motivated by the observation that the median triangle theorem can be thought of as a dual to a theorem of Pompeiu. It treats questions that arise from the pursual of this duality, and especially of certain imperfections in this duality.

The composite dietary antioxidant index (CDAI) has been identified as a critical factor in the pathogenesis of certain inflammatory diseases. The study aimed to investigate the relationship between CDAI and Helicobacter pylori infection using cross-sectional design. In this study, participants from the 1999–2000 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analysed using logistic and Cox regression analyses to assess the associations between H. pylori infection and CDAI, encompassing vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, carotene, Zn, Se and Cu. The results demonstrated a negative correlation between CDAI scores and H. pylori infection, revealing a non-linear relationship between the odds of H. pylori infection and CDAI as a continuous variable. Subsequently, a two-sample Mendelian randomisation study was conducted utilising genome-wide association study summary statistics to explore the causal relationship between antioxidant levels and H. pylori infection. We found that the intake of Cu was a protective factor in the occurrence of H. pylori infection but did not support a causal association between circulating Cu levels and H. pylori infection. The prevalence of H. pylori infection was found to be elevated among individuals of older age, lower education levels, limited socio-economic status, smokers, diabetes and those with hypertension. The study suggests that higher CDAI is linked to decreased odds of H. pylori infection, and further prospective studies are needed to confirm the association. Our findings may have significant implications for the prevention and management of H. pylori-related diseases.

Despite the recognized importance of hymn tunes to Vaughan Williams’s music and philosophy, and the prominence of specific tunes written by him, there is currently no accurate works list of his original tunes. The reasons for this are varied and inevitably include the notorious elusiveness of a genre that has undergone constant change throughout its history. This essay reviews previous efforts to tabulate Vaughan Williams’s originals, settling on a six-point criteria to guide the analysis. The method provides consistency in a fluid environment in which early twentieth-century hymnody inevitably collides with ‘hymn-adjacent’ genres like the unison song and carol, and with traditions of school and community music. Recognizing such contingencies helps us better understand Vaughan Williams’s place in Anglican musical culture. Ultimately, the analysis sheds light on the composer’s aesthetics, demonstrating the degree to which this advocate of amateur music was laser-focused on encouraging the musically inexperienced church-goer to sing with confidence.

A series of consecutive odd numbers has interesting properties useful for classroom investigation [1]. This Article was inspired by the series of fractions for ${{1}\over{2}}$ using only sums of consecutive odd numbers

$$\frac{1}{3} = \frac{{1 + 3}}{{5 + 7}} = \frac{{1 + 3 + 5}}{{7 + 9 + 11}} = {\text{ }} \ldots {\text{ }} = \frac{{1 + 3 + {\text{ }} \ldots {\text{ }} + (2n - 3) + (2n - 1)}}{{(2n + 1) + (2n + 3) + {\text{ }} \ldots {\text{ }} + (2n + (2n - 1))}}.$$