We compute the $RO({\mathcal{K}})$-graded coefficients of the equivariant Eilenberg–Mac Lane spectrum associated with various Hill–Hopkins–Ravenel norms of the constant-$\mathbb{F}_2$ Mackey functor, where $\mathcal{K}$ is the Klein-four group. Further, we analyse the multiplicative structure of these ${\textrm {RO}}({\mathcal{K}})$-graded Tambara functors.

The successful freezing of rat spermatozoa and the development of innovative cryoprotectant formulations are of great importance in the field of reproductive biotechnology. In the present study, 4 mg/mL Ascorbic acid and 20 nM Biotin were added to cryopreservation medium containing 8% lactose-monohydrate, 23% egg yolk, and 10% tris-aminomethane to investigate the freezability of rat sperm. After cryopreservation, motility, viable spermatozoon ratio, plasma membrane integrity, abnormal acrosome ratio, and mRNA levels of certain heat shock proteins that play a critical role in the sperm cryopreservation process were evaluated. After thawing, the highest motility rate was found in the ascorbic acid group (17.50 ± 3.27), which was significantly higher compared with the control group (10.13 ± 1.16) (p < 0.05). Likewise, the highest viability rate was found in the ascorbic acid group (41.75 ± 3.69), while it was found to be significantly higher compared with the control group (19.63 ± 1.44) (p < 0.05). When the cells were evaluated in terms of plasma membrane integrity and abnormal acrosome rate, no statistical difference was found between the groups (p > 0.05). The expression levels of heat shock protein-related genes were determined using the RT-qPCR technique. Addition of biotin and ascorbic acid significantly reduced Hsp40, Hsp60, and Hsp70 mRNA levels compared with the control group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, based on the evaluated parameters, it was revealed that the addition of the antioxidant Ascorbic acid and biotin to rat sperm extender provides effective protection against cryodamage during the cryopreservation process. These findings provide a valuable foundation for research into the development of next-generation mediums for sperm cryopreservation from a molecular biotechnology perspective.

Mary’s disembodied place in the structure of a complementary anthropology and ecclesiology is enmeshed with an inadequate female sexual theology in the Catholic Church. Inattentive to females’ actual experiences of reproductive bodies and sexualities, their vulnerability is masked within the sense of the Marian aspect of the church—the female, the feminine—as somehow exemplary, with diminished agency or authority within the church or over their own bodies. This understanding of Mary impedes females’ sexual flourishing, not least because it is an impossible standard for womanhood but also because it is constructed, monitored, and controlled primarily by a select group of men. This article examines the theological influences on recent papal perceptions of Mary (Popes Paul VI, John Paul II, Benedict XVI, and Francis), the papal perceptions themselves that have fed the construction of her as a nonsexual, disembodied ideal female, and the ecclesiological repercussions of the complementary Marian/Petrine dichotomy applied disparately within the church.

In this article, some recent objections to prioritarianism are critically discussed, pertaining to, respectively, competing claims and impersonal value. The competing claims objections are due to Michael Otsuka and apply to non-risky, or certain, outcomes. Otsuka argues that prioritarianism fails to fully cater to competing claims when it comes to large losses, rank-switching and saving large numbers of people. The impersonal value objections are due to Martin Hanisch and amount to arguing that it is not only egalitarianism that involves a commitment to impersonal value, so does prioritarianism. In the article, prioritarianism is defended against these objections.

State inaction and the escalating threat of climate change have led groups within the environmental movement to adopt more radical political tactics such as sabotage, vandalism and road blockades. How do citizens view such radical actions, and what determines their tolerance for them? Using survey data measuring environmental preoccupation, attribution of responsibility for climate change and attitudes toward thirteen contestation methods, this article maps the structure of public attitudes toward radical environmental activism. The results are threefold. First, tolerance has a clear threshold: citizens tolerate peaceful actions, are ambivalent toward disruptive tactics, and reject destructive and violent ones. Second, environmental preoccupation increases tolerance for nonviolent disruption but not for destructive or violent methods. Third, tolerance for radical tactics depends on whether respondents blame governments, corporations, or individuals for climate change. The article shows how responsibility attribution shapes legitimacy judgments about activism and underscores the limits of disruptive contestation in democracies.

A reconfigurable multiphase (MP) modulator is presented that avoids continuous generation and distribution of MP clocks by reconstructing switching waveforms from a memory-stored wavetable using an event-driven pulse generator. Reconfiguration is achieved by updating the wavetable, enabling changes in phase count (e.g., 8–16 phases) and duty cycle to tune spectral performance without modifying the pulse-generator core. A waveform-level proof-of-concept transmitter chain with a commercially available RF amplifier is demonstrated at carrier frequencies of 0.9, 2.4, 3.7, and 6 GHz. Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing signals with bandwidths up to $500\,\mathrm{MHz}$ are used. In 8-phase, ${50}\%$ duty cycle operation, the measured out-of-band and in-band linearity achieves ${-48.3}\,\mathrm{dBc}$ adjacent-channel leakage ratio (ACLR) with ${1.56}\%$ error vector magnitude (EVM). Scaling from 8 to 16 phases via wavetable updates increases delivered output power by up to ${1.61}\,\mathrm{dB}$ while maintaining comparable ACLR and EVM. In 6-phase, ${33}\%$ duty cycle operation, the measured second- and third-harmonic rejection is approximately ${42}\,\mathrm{dBc}$ and ${45}\,\mathrm{dBc}$, respectively. These results validate the proposed architecture at the waveform level and motivate future integrated implementations with reconfigurable phase count and duty cycle.

The effect of alcohol consumption on atrial fibrillation risk remains controversial. Evaluating the association of alcohol consumption with atrial fibrillation-related biomarkers may help better understand the relevant mechanistic underpinnings. We studied participants from the PREDIMED-Plus study, a weight-loss randomized trial in metabolically unhealthy adults. N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic protein, high-sensitivity troponin-T (hsTnT), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), 3-nitrotyrosine, and procollagen type 1 carboxy-terminal propeptide were measured in serum at baseline and years 3 and 5 of follow-up. We calculated average alcohol consumption in drinks/day (1 drink = 14 grams alcohol) with validated food frequency questionnaires. Using multivariable models we estimated cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of alcohol consumption with log-transformed biomarkers. Among 523 participants (mean age (SD): 65.1 (4.9) years, 40% female), mean alcohol consumption was 1 drink/day. Cross-sectionally, alcohol consumption was not associated with cardiac biomarkers. Longitudinally, compared to non-consumers, heavy drinkers at baseline (≥4 drinks/day) had smaller increases in hsTnT (β: -0.10, 95%CI: -0.20, 0.00) over 5 years. In contrast, those who increased alcohol consumption over follow-up experienced greater increases in hsCRP (β: 0.31, 95%CI: 0.00, 0.63) compared to those whose drinking behavior stayed the same. In this high-risk population, higher baseline alcohol intake was associated with smaller increases in hsTnT over follow-up while increases in alcohol intake over time were associated with higher levels of systemic inflammation. These findings highlight the importance of considering longitudinal changes in average alcohol exposure when evaluating its relationship with cardiometabolic biomarkers.

Oceans have long supported human societies by supplying essential ecosystem services. Their economic contribution is projected to double between 2010 and 2030. However, anthropogenic pressures undermine marine biodiversity, impairing the marine ecosystem’s ability to deliver ecosystem services and affecting human well-being. Marine protected areas (MPAs) are globally recognized as effective tools for biodiversity conservation, food security, societal well-being, and climate mitigation, not in isolation but in addition to other conservation initiatives. The Mediterranean basin, despite its ecological and cultural-historical significance, exhibits severe human pressures and significant environmental degradation. Despite the Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework’s and EU Biodiversity Strategy’s 30x30 targets, current MPA coverage remains critically insufficient (<9% designated, <1% fully protected). Also, many MPAs suffer from poor design and enforcement, compromising their social, economic, and ecological effectiveness. Seven strategic actions are proposed here, encompassing (i) national political mobilization, (ii) enhanced regional cooperation, (iii) alignment of the objectives and implementation tools at national and regional scales, (iv) ratification of the Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction Agreement, (v) expansion and improved management of MPAs, (vi) establishment of legal frameworks, and (vii) diversification of financing sources. We argue here that achieving 30x30 targets strongly requires a coordinated basin-wide approach that integrates ecological, social, economic, and cultural dimensions.

This study investigates evidential meanings, referring to the information sources available to the speaker (i.e., direct witnessing, report, or inference), expressed through syntactic and lexical strategies in French. Across three experimental studies, we examined French subordinate structures, including complement, relative, pseudo-relative, and infinitive ECM clauses, that encompass perception or reporting verbs. We used witness rating, information source identification, and discourse completion tasks administered to a total of 221 French speakers. The results show that (i) infinitive ECM clauses are unambiguously associated with direct witnessing; (ii) pseudo-relative and relative clauses with voir are, though less strongly than infinitive, associated with direct witnessing; (iii) although still being sometimes used in reference to direct witnessing, complement clauses with voir are primarily suitable in inferential contexts based on resultant states; and finally (iv) complement clauses of dire are associated with reported sources. Our results show that indirect evidentiality is marked by complement clauses only, whereas direct evidentiality distributes over infinitive ECM, pseudo-relative and relative clauses with no significant difference between the two types of relatives. We conclude that indirect evidentiality in French is syntactically associated with one type of subordinate structure, whereas direct evidentiality is not.