In the present article, we study the norms for symmetric and antisymmetric tensor products of weighted shift operators. By proving that for $n\geq 2$,

$$ \begin{align*}\|S_{\alpha}^{l_1}\odot\cdots \odot S_{\alpha}^{l_k}\odot S_{\alpha}^{*l_{k+1}}\odot\cdots \odot S_{\alpha}^{*l_{n}}\| =\mathop{\prod}_{i=1}^n\left \| S_{\alpha}^{{l_{i}}}\right\|, \text{ for any} \ (l_1,l_2\ldots l_n)\in\mathbb N^n\end{align*} $$

The article argues that, contrary to what is often held in academic literature, traditional fishermen had solid empirical knowledge about underwater topography long before acoustic sounding. To substantiate the argument, a large mid twentieth-century collection of place names and terms collected among coastal fishermen in Norway is explored, with the aim to demonstrate that this vocabulary reflects a detailed knowledge about underwater geography as well as advanced navigational skills. The second aim of the article is to investigate the reformatting of this knowledge when it was first transferred to national fisheries maps and secondly when it entered the International Court of Justice as part of the Norwegian fisheries case against the UK in 1951. Reformatting represents more than a new context: It shapes and changes knowledge. The present article applies this more general principle of knowledge transformation to the study of the human–ocean relationship and explores how reformatting has decisively impacted activities at sea, influenced parameters for ocean use, and been constitutive to shaping the ocean as an object of knowledge.

This paper builds on research conducted in 2008 by Wright into the uneasy power dynamics between a music teacher and her pupils in a secondary school music classroom in Wales as a result of her Western Classical ‘habitus’; by this, we mean the habitual behaviours, attitudes and values that are commonplace when operating as a classical musician. Some 18 years on, and in a transformative Welsh education climate, narrative data collected from pre-service teachers practising in similar classrooms in Wales suggest that they have begun to move away from their Western European classical ‘habitus’ and believe in shared pedagogic ownership that takes account of pupil voice and choice. Furthermore, in learning to teach, they develop pedagogic behaviours more akin to popular musicians, such as being more improvisatory and more willing to tolerate uncertainty. A key factor is the trusting and collaborative relationships they developed with their mentors (teacher-tutors) within an education system in Wales that has committed itself to the concept of subsidiarity. These findings mark a positive step forward for the music education community within a new and aspirational educational landscape in Wales.

This article explores violent extremism (VE) through an embodied, bottom-up lens, using body-mapping with Muslim women in Kenya. Drawing on two selected body maps, we critically interrogate the use of VE is as a framework for analysing the harm experienced by women. Our participants used the terminology of VE to refer to not only Al-Shabaab–related violence but also gender-based violence, gang violence, and state violence. These insights highlight a key tension in critical scholarship on VE: while often critiqued from a distance, VE is actively reappropriated by those most affected. We argue that, as a community disproportionately targeted by countering violent extremism (CVE) initiatives, our participants employed the language of VE as a form of adaptive resistance – challenging both the violent policing of CVE and the patriarchal violence embedded in their daily lives. This article contributes to feminist decolonial critiques of VE by centring the voices of those most impacted, and by questioning critiques that overlook lived experiences. Additionally, by sharing our arts-based methodology, we contribute to emerging literature on decolonial research practices. Finally, we raise critical questions about the intersections of gender-based violence, gang violence, state violence, and VE in Kenya and beyond.

When a country sees multiple mass mobilisations over time, what accounts for variation in where protest occurs across the different protest waves? This article examines the case of mass protests in Ukraine 1990-2004, exploring how the emergence and development of activist networks aligns with changes in the geospatial dispersion of protest over time. It draws on archives and interviews with activists made available by The Three Revolutions Project, and newspaper reports from Ukrainska Pravda, Korrespondent.net and Radio Svoboda, utilising protest event analysis, along with QGIS software to visually represent findings. The article presents novel empirical findings on the geospatial scope of protest events across Ukraine from 1990 onwards, and demonstrates some of the ways in which regional activist networks expanded, developed, and sought cross-cleavage collaboration, aiming to facilitate increasing nationwide mobilisation. It provides valuable context for understanding subsequent Ukrainian mobilisation, such as the 2013-14 Euromaidan protest, and ongoing resistance to Russia’s full-scale invasion.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension leads to dyspnoea, fatigue, and oxygen desaturation, limiting activities of daily living and functional capacity. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of pulmonary arterial hypertension on activities of daily living performance, functional capacity, peripheral muscle strength, oxygen dynamics, and energy expenditure. Eighteen adolescents and young adults with pulmonary arterial hypertension (10 females, 8 males; age 9–30 years) and 15 healthy controls (10 males, 5 females; age 9–30 years) were included. Peripheral muscle strength was assessed using a handheld dynamometer, functional capacity via the 6-minute walk test, and muscle oxygenation through near-infrared spectroscopy. Lower-limb endurance was evaluated with the 1-minute sit-to-stand test and activities of daily living performance with the Glittre Activities of Daily Living test. Compared to controls, the pulmonary arterial hypertension group had significantly lower 6-minute walk test distance (441.9 m versus 636.9 m; p < 0.001), reduced sit-to-stand repetitions (28 versus 42.1; p < 0.001), weaker peripheral strength, and lower minimum muscle oxygen saturation (24.9% versus 51.8%; p < 0.001). Glittre Activities of Daily Living test duration was longer (143 s versus 105 s; p < 0.001), with greater oxygen desaturation (−13% versus −1%; p < 0.001), higher dyspnoea scores using modified Borg scale (5 versus 1; p < 0.001), and blunted heart rate response (ΔHR [change in heart rate]: 32 versus 64; p = 0.011). These findings demonstrate that pulmonary arterial hypertension significantly impairs both cardiopulmonary and peripheral muscle function. Protecting muscle health and improving functional capacity should be prioritised to enhance quality of life in this population.

This article critically examines the challenges of trade union “just transition” (JT) policies in the context of the ecological crisis. While JT policies have grown in prominence, especially in the Global North, they do not adequately address the ecological crisis since they focus exclusively on decarbonisation without recognising that Green Growth, by reducing emissions increases environmental destruction created by the extraction of ever more minerals and metals. JT policies are further constrained by national boundaries and by a policy centred on jobs only, without acknowledging the broader needs for dignified lives and a regenerative relationship between labour and nature. Research into workers’ visions for the future shows that workers long for cooperation, democratisation from below, a connection of local and global solidarity, and more time to care for themselves and others. The author suggests that unions could connect with such visions to develop transformative, globally coordinated JT strategies that centre on cooperation and self-determination, allowing them to move away from growth imperatives towards a regenerative economy that centres on care for both, people and nature.

The use of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) by teenagers is increasing rapidly. GenAI is a form of artificial intelligence that creates new text, images, video and audio, using models based on huge amounts of training data. However, using GenAI can also create misinformation and biased, inappropriate and harmful outputs. Teenagers are increasingly using GenAI in daily life, including in mental healthcare, and may not be aware of the limitations and risks. GenAI may also be used for malicious purposes that may have long-term, negative impacts on mental health. There is a need to increase awareness of how GenAI may have a negative impact on the mental health of teenagers.

Negative out-group attitudes are often attributed to perceptions of competition or threat. We propose an alternative source: culture, conceptualized as cultural scripts—interconnected networks of meanings that link particular group identities to negatively connoted phenomena. Evidence comes from three studies on the reactivation of the cultural script of traditional antisemitism in Germany. We begin our analysis by isolating the cultural script through automated analysis of a corpus of antisemitic texts. Next, using survey data collected during the COVID-19 pandemic (n = 17,800), we document an increase in antisemitism among Christian believers. This, we argue, is due to the pandemic activating the cultural script of traditional antisemitism, which links Judaism with the spread of disease. By means of an additional survey (n = 2,000) and a concept association task, we demonstrate the presence of the cultural script in the minds of Christian believers. Two priming experiments explore how elements of the script can be triggered. Our work demonstrates the deep cultural roots of negative out-group attitudes and suggests a novel set of methods for studying them.

This article explores the intersection of neurology and psychiatry in the assessment of psychosis. It provides a practical overview of neurological disorders associated with psychosis, including epilepsy, autoimmune encephalitis, neurodegenerative dementias, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease, cerebrovascular disease, traumatic brain injury, brain neoplasms, multiple sclerosis and genetic neurodevelopmental syndromes. Accurate diagnosis requires recognising clinical red flags and adopting a multidisciplinary approach that integrates psychopathology, neuropsychology, neuroimaging, electrophysiology and biomarker analysis. Treatment strategies vary according to aetiology and may include antipsychotics and others pharmacological resources, immunotherapy, neuromodulation and behavioural interventions.