Surface flow of freshwater on Adriatic islands is rare due to the extreme permeability of the karst terrain. Hence, most helminthological studies of freshwater fishes in the Adriatic drainage have focused on mainland freshwater systems, while data from islands are scarce. We collected minnow, Phoxinus lumaireul (Schinz, 1840), specimens in the Suha Ričina stream on Krk Island and screened them for helminth ectoparasites. Identification of metacercariae cysts (black spots) was carried out by sequencing part of the 28S rDNA gene, and a single monogenean worm was identified by sequencing part of the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2). To estimate the level of infection, the number of black spots was counted to calculate prevalence, mean abundance, and mean intensity. Phylogenetic inference based on maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference revealed a rare black spot disease taxon, genus Uvulifer, which represents one of the first records in Europe on fish (second intermediate host), a first record from a Phoxinus host, a first record for the Adriatic drainage and Croatia, and a first record for Southern Europe in general. Furthermore, the monogenean was identified as Gyrodactylus sp., potentially representing a new species.

Drawing on Roman Catholic and ecumenical expertise, this article takes an honest look at the experiences and hopes of those abused. Many in the churches assume that victims seek financial compensation or legal redress. However, research indicates that many victims primarily seek truth and justice as a means of closure and that their struggles with church leadership arise when truth and justice are repeatedly withheld. This makes forgiveness near-impossible and often results in the victim being re-traumatized by the systemic re-abuse they experience. Ultimately, there is no substitute for full and genuine meeting with victims, which requires the church to lay aside its power and authority and engage with humility and proper deference to the victims abused at the hands of the church. Without such openness, the victims cannot move on, and neither can the churches.

Currently, there is limited available information on the epidemiology of parasitic infections in captive non-human primates (NHPs) and their zoonotic potential. However, numerous cases of helminth infections in NHPs have been documented in several zoos around the world, with one of the most prevalent being those of the genus Trichuris. The main objective of this study is to investigate the occurrence of infection by Trichuris spp. in primates from zoological gardens in Spain and to ascertain, at the species level, the specific Trichuris species harbored by these hosts by using mitochondrial and ribosomal markers. A total of 315 stools collected from NPHs (n = 47) in the 13 zoological gardens analyzed yielded a prevalence rate of 19.05%. Nevertheless, not all the zoos exhibited parasitic infections; this was observed in only 53.85% of the zoos. Moreover, 15 host groups of 12 different species were found to be infected by Trichuris species, among which the identified species included Trichuris trichiura, Trichuris colobae, and Trichuris sp. Our findings suggest a substantial exposure of primates to zoonotic Trichuris species, suggesting that NHPs could potentially act as reservoirs capable of transmitting this parasite to humans. Hence, it is crucial to implement additional control and prevention measures and explore ways to eradicate parasitic infections in these areas. Further examination is warranted to minimize the risk of spreading drug-resistant parasite strains.

Two novel algorithms, which incorporate inertial terms and relaxation effects, are introduced to tackle a monotone inclusion problem. The weak and strong convergence of the algorithms are obtained under certain conditions, and the R-linear convergence for the first algorithm is demonstrated if the set-valued operator involved is strongly monotone in real Hilbert spaces. The proposed algorithms are applied to signal recovery problems and demonstrate improved performance compared to existing algorithms in the literature.

This paper gives definitions of terms which have become critical in ensuring that Anglican churches minimize the risk of harm to all who are involved as practitioners or recipients of its ministries. This imperative is rooted in Scripture, not just the recent history or pronouncements of the Lambeth Conference 2022. The terms ‘Safeguarding’, ‘Safe Ministry’ and ‘Safe Church’ (SC) are set out with reference to the ‘Lambeth Calls’. This paper explores why such terms have come to the forefront of current theological praxis, notes historical iterations of such matters and asks why some Anglican churches or provinces may resist adopting this Lambeth Call. It offers both an apologetic for the universal adoption of SC practices and a scriptural and dominical mandate for them. The paper identifies theological and scriptural principles on which SC theory and practice might be grounded. Anglican churches and provinces are encouraged to develop a theory and practice of SC pertinent to their environment rather than adhere to abstract universal prescriptions which risk irrelevance amidst cultural and contextual particularity.

Almost 40 per cent of Brazil's native vegetation is located on over five million private properties. This study assesses the potential of agricultural land taxes and tradable forest certificates for conserving Brazil's fragmented native vegetation across commercial farms, using micro census data from 2006 and 2017. We explore the variability of optimal tax rates and market prices for forest certificates, revealing a supply-demand imbalance in the Amazon and high sensitivity of conservation outcomes to changes in farmland opportunity costs, especially in productive areas. Despite a more positively skewed distribution of opportunity costs by 2017, market outcomes remained unaffected. Notably, expanding the market to include the Amazon's agricultural frontier microregions could achieve 45 per cent of the conservation target. Our analysis underscores the interplay between market-based conservation mechanisms and regional agricultural economics, highlighting the need for tailored approaches to optimize conservation efforts.

This article seeks to explain how Mau Mau combatants selected and killed their civilian targets. The central argument is that Mau Mau members shared a moral logic that informed whom they killed, how, and why they did it. This moral logic was partly based on traditional Kikuyu ethics of violence, which were widely held and traceable to the late nineteenth century. Yet it was also a logic born out of novel, albeit contested, ethical convictions that developed in the context of an asymmetrical anticolonial war in 1950s-Kenya. Using captured guerrilla documents and oral history interviews with Mau Mau veterans, the article analyzes the perceived offenses that civilians committed against Mau Mau, the motives of Mau Mau assailants, and the internal conflicts that arose regarding the killings of some civilians. Ultimately, this article demonstrates that the moral logic of Mau Mau killings was firmly rooted in a dialectical tension between longstanding Kikuyu ethics of violence and the harsh realities of waging an asymmetrical anticolonial war. It also shows that Mau Mau debates over who to kill formed part of a larger process of sacralization, whereby members of the movement reimagined what they deemed sacred, moral, and just measures for conducting the war.

The Molyneux question asks: would a blind person, who knows spheres and cubes only from touch, be able to recognize these shapes visually immediately upon becoming sighted, without touching them? Molyneux himself answered no. Locke accepted Molyneux’s negative answer. However, Locke’s answer appears inconsistent with the doctrine of common sensibles, according to which some ideas are given in more than one sense modality. Motivated by alleviating this tension, philosophers have put forth several interpretations of Locke’s views on shape perception. Here, I motivate a novel interpretation of Locke that can better resolve the tension.

Coordination in mothers’ and their infants’ parasympathetic nervous system functioning (i.e., respiratory sinus arrhythmia [RSA] synchrony) specifically during playful interactions may promote resilience against exposure to postpartum depressive symptoms (PPD), for both members of the dyad. To test biobehavioral synchrony theory-derived hypotheses, we evaluated whether positive mother-infant RSA synchrony during play attenuated associations between maternal PPD symptoms and future child behavior problems and maternal depressive symptoms. 322 low-income, Mexican-origin mothers and their children participated in 5-min resting baseline and free play interaction tasks when children were 24 weeks of age; mothers reported on their PPD symptoms and on child behavior problems and maternal depressive symptoms at 12- and 36-months child age. Results of multilevel structural equation models demonstrated that, though the associations between maternal PPD symptoms and future child behavior problems and maternal depressive symptoms differed depending on levels of RSA synchrony during play and non-interactive tasks, the protective benefits of positive RSA synchrony on 12-month maternal depressive symptoms and 36-month child internalizing problems were specific to its assessment during a playful interaction. Results suggest that the dyadic coordination of physiological capacities during playful interactions is an active mechanism that promotes resilience to emotional distress for mothers and their children.

In this paper, I examine the factors associated with public attitudes toward foreign policy among white Americans and argue that racial attitudes play an important role. To test this hypothesis, I perform quantitative studies across four iterations of the American National Election Survey (ANES)—(1) 2012, (2) 2016, (3) 2020, and (4) the Cumulative Survey (1986–2020). While the results include white public opinion across several different areas of foreign policy across several decades of data, the findings are consistent: American foreign policy opinion among white Americans is highly racialized—meaning that their views on foreign policy are strongly associated with their views on race and racism. This study contributes to our knowledge of a relatively poorly understood phenomenon in American politics: how the American public forms their attitudes on foreign policy. Overall, I find strong evidence that racial attitudes play an important yet understudied role in the foreign policy attitudes of white Americans. This study also extends our knowledge of the role of racialization in public opinion and reminds us that while racism is one of the most central problems for U.S. domestic politics, we should also be wary of how these hierarchies of domination extend beyond our borders through its foreign relations.

This interview with Peter Singer AI serves a dual purpose. It is an exploration of certain—utilitarian and related—views on sentience and its ethical implications. It is also an exercise in the emerging interaction between natural and artificial intelligence, presented not as just ethics of AI but perhaps more importantly, as ethics with AI. The one asking the questions—Matti Häyry—is a person, in the contemporary sense of the word, sentient and self-aware, whereas Peter Singer AI is an artificial intelligence persona, created by Sankalpa Ghose, a person, through dialogue with Peter Singer, a person, to programmatically model and incorporate the latter’s writings, presentations, recipes, and character qualities as a renowned philosopher. The interview indicates some subtle differences between natural perspectives and artificial representation, suggesting directions for further development. PSai, as the project is also known, is available to anyone to chat with, anywhere in the world, on almost any topic, in almost any language, at www.petersinger.ai

Examining regional variation across African American communities has advanced research on African American English beyond its treatment as a singular, uniform variety. While the earlier focus on inner-city, and often male, youth prioritized studying these speakers’ production of ethnolectal patterns, less attention was paid to other language practices of these speakers and their broader semiotic construction of identity. Drawing on ethnographic data and sociolinguistic interviews from African American speakers from Rochester, New York who identify as Hood Kids, I examine how the bought vowel can become a marker of a particular place-identity in Rochester. I argue that the Hood Kid is an adequation of an enregistered racialized NYC persona that reanalyzes bought while also drawing on other emblems of Black, street culture. Such variation suggests that speakers’ conceptualization of race and place ideologically scales beyond immediately local geographic boundaries. (African American Language, style, race and ethnicity, regional variation)*