In this rejoinder, we engage with the recent International Theory symposium on Global IR, situating it within the broader literature and outlining intellectual pathways for advancing Global IR’s agenda. We explore how the main critiques identified by the symposium – namely, essentialism, geo-epistemologies, disciplinary reformism, and ahistoricism – have been and can be further addressed through recent developments in Global IR. This rejoinder is not an attempt to prioritise one version of Global IR over another; rather, it emphasises that Global IR comes in multiple versions, and these versions should continue to be a collective work in progress. Our engagement with the evolving debates in Global IR seeks to fulfil the promise of a more global and diverse discipline.

There is a clinical need to appropriately apply large language model (LLM)-based systems for use in infectious diseases. We sought to use LLM and machine learning for extracting antibiotic susceptibility from clinical microbiology free-text reports, allowing use for outbreak detection, increasing information gathering efficiency, and public health reporting.

The investigation of structural variants that may govern complex traits has significant importance. This is particularly true for the crossbred dairy cattle of Pakistan, which are deemed ideal for achieving optimal milk production and enhanced environmental adaptability in tropical conditions. This research detected and described copy number variation regions (CNVR) within the crossbred cattle genome. A GGP_HDv3_C chip containing 139,376 SNPs was utilized to genotype a cohort of 81 animals. In this study, 1055 CNVs were obtained after quality control, distributed across animals and encompassing all autosomes. From these, 268 CNVRs were detected, which covered 31.03 megabases, representing approximately 1.24% of the bovine genome. Functional analysis of these regions yielded 97 genes primarily associated with the immune and defense systems. Additionally, other observed categories encompassed production, health and reproduction. These findings enhanced the CNV map of bovines, offering the variant identification linked to traits subject to selection in both crossbred and indicine breeds of cattle.

Linear and integrable non-linear fractional evolution equations are discussed. Earlier results for the integrable fractional Korteweg–deVries (KdV) equation and the KdV hierarchy are reviewed. Using these as a guide, the fractional integrable Burgers equation and hierarchy and its solutions are analysed. Some explicit solutions are provided.

Research in political science has begun to explore how to use large language and object detection models to analyze text and visual data. However, few studies have explored how to use these tools for data extraction. Instead, researchers interested in extracting text from poorly formatted sources typically rely on optical character recognition and regular expressions or extract each item by hand. This letter describes a workflow process for structured text extraction using free models and software. I discuss the type of data best suited to this method, its usefulness within political science, and the steps required to convert the text into a usable dataset. Finally, I demonstrate the method by extracting agenda items from city council meeting minutes. I find the method can accurately extract subsections of text from a document and requires only a few hand labeled documents to adequately train.

Design-by-analogy (DbA) is a powerful method for product innovation design, leveraging multidomain design knowledge to generate new ideas. Previous studies have relied heavily on designers’ experiences to retrieve analogical knowledge from other domains, lacking a structured method to organize and understand multidomain analogical knowledge. This presents a significant challenge in recommending high-quality analogical sources, which needs to be addressed. To tackle these issues, a knowledge graph-assisted DbA approach via structured analogical knowledge retrieval is proposed. First, an improved function-effect-structure ontology model is constructed to extract functions and effects as potential analogical sources, and six semantic matching rules are established to output entity triplets, and the DbA knowledge graph (DbAKG) is developed. Second, based on the knowledge of semantic relationships in DbAKG, the domain distance and similarity between the design target and the analogical sources are introduced to establish an analogical value model, ensuring the novelty and feasibility of analogical sources. After that, with function as the design target, analogical sources transfer strategy is formed to support innovative solution solving, and TRIZ theory is used to solve design conflicts. Finally, a pipeline inspection robot case study is further employed to verify the proposed approach. Additionally, a knowledge graph-assisted analogical design system has been developed to assist in managing multidomain knowledge and the analogical process, facilitate the adoption of innovative design strategies, and assist companies in providing more competitive products to seize the market.

O artigo discute a apropriação das práticas da “escola nova” no interior do Estado de São Paulo entre 1935 e 1938. Inicialmente, circunscreve algumas características do movimento internacional de renovação da educação. Depois, identifica as referências dos inspetores de ensino às práticas da escola nova no magistério paulista e analisa esses registros na relação que mantém com as iniciativas de reforma do ensino público do Estado de São Paulo. Por fim, a reflexão se detém na reduzida repercussão que a política de inovação educacional alcançou no Estado de São Paulo para mostrar que as conexões tentadas por grupos ligados ao movimento pela escola nova tiveram pouco alcance político.

This study investigates the epidemiology of adolescent suicide in India, addressing the limited research on the subject. Data on adolescent suicide (14–17 years) by sex and state were obtained from the National Crimes Records Bureau for 2014–2019, which included acquiring unpublished data from 2016 to 2019. Crude suicide rates for the period 2014–2019 were calculated by sex and state. Rate ratios (RRs) by sex and state were also calculated to assess changes over time, comparing suicide rates from 2017–2019 to 2014–2016. Female adolescent suicide rates, which ranged between 9.04 and 8.10 per 100,000 population, were consistently higher than male adolescent suicide rates, which ranged between 8.47 and 6.24 per 100,000 population. Compared to the first half of the study period (2014–2016), adolescent suicide rates significantly increased between 2017 and 2019 among less developed states (RRs = 1.06, 95% uncertainty interval [UI] = 1.03–1.09) and among females in these states (RRs = 1.09, 95% UI = 1.05–1.14). Male suicide rates aligned with global averages, while female rates were two to six times higher than in high-income and Southeast Asian countries. Findings highlight the urgent need for comprehensive surveillance and targeted suicide prevention strategies to address this critical public health issue.