What is the effect of exposure to contested commemorations? Previous research has mostly found that removing these objects generates backlash. However, I argue that non-intervention can itself have detrimental effects as citizens are exposed to them in their daily lives. Empirically, I leverage a survey experiment where the treatment is administered via an originally created video that resembles a tour guide of an American city. With minimal manipulations, respondents in the treatment group are exposed to Confederate commemorations, while those in the control group are not. I find that these symbols signal the town’s history and predominant ideology. They also negatively shape observers’ emotions, political efficacy, trust in the town residents, and donations to local schools. The effects are moderated by partisanship. Republican respondents are either unaffected by the treatment or move in the opposite direction. These results highlight the potential negative consequences of maintaining controversial commemorations.

Across the world, hydropower dams that seek to tame and commodify water are sites of intense contestation, as global capital and development agendas often face staunch localised resistance. This is acutely evident in Myanmar, where water politics is a microcosm of competing visions for the country’s governance and development. Locally-led alliances pursuing self-determination and inclusive politics are pitted against the central state’s rapacious approach to development, backed by violence and foreign capital. These dynamics exist amidst an influx of international aid, providing an illuminating site for examining the intersection of aid politics, development ideology, and subaltern resistance.

This paper contributes to these thematic areas by examining the contestation of hydropower hegemony in Myanmar and centring civil society actors’ agency. It utilises what the authors call ‘solidarity scholarship’ that rejects detached positivism to deploy an epistemological belief in embedding solidarity throughout the research process for making sense of resistance and power. The paper examines how domestic opposition has gone beyond anti-dam to being uniquely propositional; rivers have become symbols of unity and resistance against uneven development and military violence. Focused on Myitsone and the Salween River, the paper elucidates how the respective campaigns galvanised not only civil society solidarity, but also the potential for re-imagining governance and development in Myanmar. This has implications for understanding subaltern resistance across many contexts globally, particularly where exploitation disguised as development is prevalent.

The transition toward addressing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses serious justice challenges. The just transition framework—originally developed within the U.S. labor movement to safeguard workers’ interests during shifts toward sustainable economies—has been proposed as a valuable framework for guiding the AMR transition. In the AMR context, similar conflicts of interests arise—such as those between farmers’ interest in maintaining routine antimicrobial use and the public interest in preserving their long-term effectiveness. This brief proposes enhancing the just transition framework by incorporating elements of Transitional Justice. Transitional justice has emerged as a practice aimed at addressing past political tragedies and building a more equitable future. While traditionally applied in post-conflict settings—such as the Truth and Reconciliation Commission in South Africa—transitional justice offers valuable tools for navigating conflicts rooted in past injustices and long-term uncertainty. One circumstance that makes transitional justice necessary in the context of AMR is the conflict between opposing views on the role the past should play in planning the transition. In this brief, we highlight key research gaps that the sciences, social sciences, and humanities should prioritize in order to better identify the conflicts and trade-offs that an AMR transition informed by a transitional justice framework must address.

The rise of the movement propagating the abolition of the slave trade in Britain was accompanied by the increasing engagement of women in the antislavery cause. These women claimed a voice on the public stage by pointing to the fact that slavery was a domestic institution. By the early nineteenth century, family separation had become one of the most popular abolitionist tropes and it gave women an important role in the later immediatist movement that emerged in opposition to gradualism. This article deals with the evolution of the abolitionist cognitive tool “mental metempsychosis,” which was made use of to argue against family separations, by looking at religiously inspired ideas notably tied to Christian Kabbalism that challenged the concept of the heritability of slavery. These ideas were initially developed by female Nonconformist ministers to repudiate the biblical story of Eve’s transgression as justification for original sin and for women’s subjugation to men.

Africa’s mental health burden is rising owing to population growth, ageing and a severe shortage of professionals – just 1.4 per 100 000 population versus the global average of 9 per 100 000. This article outlines insights from the first African School of Psychiatry (held in Agadir, 2024), highlighting key challenges and solutions. Culturally sensitive care, integrating traditional practices and religious beliefs, is essential. Strategies include telepsychiatry, primary care integration, mental health literacy (especially for youth), caregiver training, and research into epidemiology and genetics to address Africa’s unique psychiatric profiles. The article calls for innovative, localised approaches, increased funding and global collaboration to move beyond Western models. Policymakers and professionals must act to transform mental healthcare for Africa’s specific needs.

The growing demand for psychiatric services, coupled with the increasing complexity of clinical presentations, is compounded by systemic pressures – among them inadequate resources, fragmented service configurations, and regulatory and legal frameworks that seem to apportion blame to the individual rather than recognising the wider systemic context. These factors can leave clinicians feeling disempowered and demoralised. This editorial is a call to renew hope, to reaffirm that psychiatrists, using their everyday medical and psychiatric expertise in personalising the biopsychosocial care they provide to their patients, can make a critical difference when dealing with suicidal states. Effective relational psychiatry offers hope to both clinicians and patients. We must not lose it.

Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide. An estimated 1 in 7 women in the UK will receive a diagnosis during their lifetime, and up to 20% of people with breast cancer are treated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). This comorbidity is a particularly important consideration for those co-prescribed hormonal cancer treatments. This article explores the complex relationship between breast cancer and mental illness, examining associations between hormonal breast cancer treatments, the premature menopause they can induce and SSRIs. It addresses prescribing considerations in this population, focusing on the co-prescribing of endocrine treatments such as tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors with SSRIs and other psychotropic medications.

We present the third data release for the Galactic and Extragalactic All-Sky Murchison Widefield Array eXtended (GLEAM-X) survey, covering $\approx 3\,800$ deg$^2$ of the southern Galactic Plane (GP) with ${233}^{\circ} \lt l \lt {44}^{\circ}$ and $|b| \lt {11}^{\circ}$ across a frequency range of 72–231 MHz divided into 20 sub-bands. GLEAM-X observations were taken using the ‘extended’ Phase-ii configuration of the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA), which features baselines ranging from approximately 12 m to 5 km. This configuration limits sensitivity to the diffuse structure of the GP, with an angular resolution range of about $45^{''}$ to $2^{'}$. To achieve lower noise levels while being sensitive to a wide range of spatial scales ($45^{''} - {15}^{\circ}$), we combined these observations with the previous Galactic and Extragalactic All-Sky Murchison Widefield Array (GLEAM) survey. For the area covered, we provide images spanning the whole frequency range. A wide-band image over 170–231 MHz, with RMS noise of $\approx\;$3–6 mJy beam$^{-1}$ and source position accuracy within 1 arcsec, is then used to perform source-finding, which yields 98 207 elements measured across $20 \times 7.68$ MHz frequency bands. The catalogue is 90$\%$ complete at 50 mJy within ${233}^{\circ} \lt l \lt {324}^{\circ}$ and at 125 mJy in ${290}^{\circ} \lt l \lt {44}^{\circ}$, while it is $99.3\%$ reliable overall. All the images and the catalogue are available online for download.

This paper explores the complex role penicillin played in the relations between Britain, the USA and the USSR between the Second World War and the beginning of the Cold War through the lens of science diplomacy and the category of negotiation. In the post-war years the Soviets tried to acquire know-how on large-scale penicillin production from Britain and the USA. While the USA refused to collaborate, the British strategy was more complex. The British government allowed the Oxford team, which had discovered the antibacterial properties of penicillin, to disclose all the technology and know-how concerning large-scale penicillin production of which they were aware to the Soviets, while simultaneously trying to slow down penicillin research and production in the Soviet Union by controlling the export of certain industrial machinery, Podbielniak extractors, to Eastern Europe. By contrast, the USA put a stop to scientific and technological collaboration with the Soviets, but were less strict about the export of industrial machinery. The different strategies generated tensions between Britain and the USA, and ultimately mirrored both the British fear of an American disengagement from Europe and the American will to protect the interests of their national industry.

In Spanish America, the enslavement of Africans was just one of several widespread forms of bonded labour. This article explains the different forms of colonial obligations that limited the freedom of the Indigenous population. It compares the situation in the viceroyalties of New Spain (Mexico) and Peru, with a special focus on two types of dependent labourer: the laboríos in New Spain and the yanaconas in Peru. Although the origin of both categorizations was different, they were functionally comparable. Both generally worked in mines, haciendas, cattle farms, and in textile or sugar mills. It has been argued that by migrating to their workplace, they cut ties with their communities of origin – a hypothesis that was often, but not always, true. This article shows that both categorizations could be temporary as well as permanent and hereditary. On occasion, people could change to other, “neighbouring” categorizations, such as “sedentary” Indigenous people living in Indigenous communities or free mulattos – the latter being more frequent in New Spain. To explain these phenomena and highlight the agency of the colonial population, we examine petitions as a strategy to change fiscal categorization in order to gain greater freedom. Examples from Cajamarca in northern Peru and Michoacán in western Mexico are presented; both regions lay outside the traditional mining centres in relation to which bonded labour has been most often analysed in the respective viceroyalties. We argue that developments towards the end of the colonial period differed between the regions.

Two modern trends in insurance are data-intensive underwriting and behaviour-based insurance. Data-intensive underwriting means that insurers analyse more data for estimating the claim cost of a consumer and for determining the premium based on that estimation. Insurers also offer behaviour-based insurance. For example, some car insurers use artificial intelligence (AI) to follow the driving behaviour of an individual consumer in real time and decide whether to offer that consumer a discount. In this paper, we report on a survey of the Dutch population (N = 999) in which we asked people’s opinions about examples of data-intensive underwriting and behaviour-based insurance. The main results include: (i) If survey respondents find an insurance practice unfair, they also find the practice unacceptable. (ii) Respondents find almost all modern insurance practices that we described unfair. (iii) Respondents find practices for which they can influence the premium fairer. (iv) If respondents find a certain consumer characteristic illogical for basing the premium on, then respondents find using the characteristic unfair. (v) Respondents find it unfair if an insurer offers an insurance product only to a specific group. (vi) Respondents find it unfair if an insurance practice leads to the poor paying more. We also reflect on the policy implications of the findings.

The Earth’s poles have always aroused great interest and fascination, first for explorers looking for the Northern Pass in the Arctic or for a new continent and natural resources to exploit, and today for scientists due to the significant role that the Arctic and Antarctic oceans play in the dynamics and future of our planet, especially in the current context of global change. To raise awareness of the importance and vulnerability of the polar oceans and to bring scientific advances in marine science to schools and the general public, we have worked from different approaches: 1) the online participation of students in polar oceanographic expeditions (through the ICM Divulga educational website), 2) face-to-face talks and workshops on polar ecosystems involving the observation of samples and/or videos, 3) the coordination and the edition of the book Observando los polos with a global and multidisciplinary vision of the state of scientific knowledge on polar areas, 4) the elaboration of the photographic exhibition ‘Una mirada polar’ and 5) the multi-institutional collaborative project surrounding the XIth Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR) International Biology Symposium. These approaches, some of which involved Dr Andrés Barbosa’s collaboration, align with his objective of disseminating the results of research and scientific experience to the public. An evaluation of the strengths and weaknesses of the diverse strategies used to provide education about polar science is presented.

Musculoskeletal disorders remain a leading occupational health challenge in physically demanding sectors such as healthcare, social care, and industry. Exoskeletons – wearable devices designed to mitigate physical strain are increasingly explored as potential solutions; however, factors affecting their adoption in real-world settings remain underexplored. This novel scoping review systematically maps the existing evidence on the application of commercially available exoskeletons within real and simulated work environments, focusing on usage patterns, user experiences, and factors influencing implementation.

Following the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews, a systematic literature search was conducted across the Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and MEDLINE, with an initial search in May 2023 and an update in May 2024. Forty-nine papers met the inclusion criteria based on the Population, Concept, and Context (PCC) framework. Data were extracted using a standardized form and synthesized descriptively, thematically, and through content analysis. Results are presented in narrative, tabular, and conceptual map formats.

Exoskeletons were used most frequently in industry (manufacturing) and perioperative care (healthcare). Although, the devices reduced muscle load during repetitive or static tasks, adoption was constrained by discomfort and fit challenges, thermal burden, and limited usability in dynamic settings. Thematic analysis revealed how user experiences were shaped by professional identity, task compatibility, organizational support, and social norms. A conceptual map synthesized sector-specific and cross-sectoral barriers and facilitators.

This review highlights the need for inclusive, context-sensitive, and longitudinal research to support safe, acceptable, and effective exoskeleton adoption and implementation across diverse occupational environments.

We prove that on any transitive graph G with infinitely many ends, a self-avoiding walk of length n is ballistic with extremely high probability, in the sense that there exist constants $c,t>0$ such that $\mathbb {P}_n(d_G(w_0,w_n)\geq cn)\geq 1-e^{-tn}$ for every $n\geq 1$. Furthermore, we show that the number of self-avoiding walks of length n grows asymptotically like $\mu _w^n$, in the sense that there exists $C>0$ such that $\mu _w^n\leq c_n\leq C\mu _w^n$ for every $n\geq 1$. These results generalise earlier work by Li (J. Comb. Theory Ser. A, 2020). The key to this greater generality is that in contrast to Li’s approach, our proof does not require the existence of a special structure that enables the construction of separating patterns. Our results also extend more generally to quasi-transitive graphs with infinitely many ends, satisfying the additional technical property that there is a quasi-transitive group of automorphisms of G which does not fix an end of G.

Let G be a finite transitive permutation group on $\Omega $. The G-invariant partitions form a sublattice of the lattice of all partitions of $\Omega $, having the further property that all its elements are uniform (that is, have all parts of the same size). If, in addition, all the equivalence relations defining the partitions commute, then the relations form an orthogonal block structure, a concept from statistics; in this case the lattice is modular. If it is distributive, then we have a poset block structure, whose automorphism group is a generalised wreath product. We examine permutation groups with these properties, which we call the OB property and PB property respectively, and in particular investigate when direct and wreath products of groups with these properties also have these properties.

A famous theorem on permutation groups asserts that a transitive imprimitive group G is embeddable in the wreath product of two factors obtained from the group (the group induced on a block by its setwise stabiliser, and the group induced on the set of blocks by G). We extend this theorem to groups with the PB property, embedding them into generalised wreath products. We show that the map from posets to generalised wreath products preserves intersections and inclusions.

We have included background and historical material on these concepts.