Emotion recognition, the ability to interpret others’ emotional expressions and infer mental states, is crucial for caregiver–child interactions. The ability to accurately recognize infant emotions may facilitate attuned and responsive caregiving. Across two studies, we validate a novel measure to assess the recognition of infants’ emotions (Reading the Mind in Infant Eyes Test [RMIET]) and investigate how this ability relates to observed caregiving. Study 1 examined item-level performance in 55 infant mental health experts and 100 undergraduate students. Study 2 examined RMIET scores in 133 pregnant people and their later caregiving when their children were 18-month-old. In Study 1, agreement was high among both mental health experts (ICC = .82) and undergraduate students (ICC = .93), providing evidence of the content validity of the RMIET. In Study 2, scores assessing the recognition of adult and infant emotions were positively correlated (r = .22, p = .012). After accounting for covariates, RMIET scores were statistically significantly associated with higher sensitivity and warmth and lower negative regard. Taken together, these studies provide preliminary evidence of content and predictive validity for the RMIET.

Classroom discussions of current events and controversial topics can devolve into unproductive and highly charged debates. This article describes an in-class exercise used to foster respect during difficult conversations by encouraging students to design rules for discussions and guidelines to create a safe space for dialogue. This activity relies on three underlying principles: trust, empowerment, and empathy. These principles can be integrated into a broader pedagogical approach that emphasizes a democratic classroom and active learning. Student feedback shows that the intervention can be useful for promoting respectful and engaging discussions during moments of tension and polarization. However, an emphasis on civility also may undermine the diversity of opinions and require respecting students’ silences.

President Theodore Roosevelt once called the Chautauqua movement “typical of America at its best.” Arguably, no public humanities effort in the United States has been as popular or influential as the Chautauqua movement. Those seeking educational, religious, and cultural fulfillment have flocked to the lakeside retreat in western New York since 1874. From lectures and book clubs to theater and debates, Chautauqua has provided visitors with endless opportunities to engage with the arts, humanities, and cultural studies to help them better understand their world, themselves, and each other. Efforts to expand the experience beyond the summer include the adult education movement the Chautauqua Literary and Scientific Circle, one of the nation’s longest-running book clubs. Shrewd businessmen, and communities who did not see themselves represented in the Mother Chautauqua, also opened their own copycat offshoots across the country. As the pillar of “edutainment” and tourist destination wraps its 150th season, are the utopian visions of the founders enough to sustain it for another 150 or is a new model needed for a nationwide public humanities movement?

This article draws a comparison between US border policies in the 2020s and the policies implemented by the British colonial regime in 1940s ‘Aden to dissuade Jewish immigration. It makes an original argument, based on documents from the British colonial archives and Jewish philanthropic sources, that the plunder of Jewish migrants was a consequence of British policy, and not, as scholars have sometimes assumed, a vaguely-defined “anarchy” in the Aden Protectorate sultanates (today, southern, and eastern Yemen). The history of British immigration policy – and the unofficial incorporation of both environmental and human forces into the project of dissuading Jewish migration – bears a striking resemblance to American policies in recent years. The perils of the Darién Gap and other deadly routes and the concentration of migrants in dangerous conditions on the US–Mexico border de facto incorporate the jungle, the desert, and criminal syndicates into the border regime’s efforts to disincentivize migration. A look at the archival record of a parallel story in 1940s Yemen/‘Aden allows us to glimpse the construction of policies that utilize unofficial actors and factors (from bandits to the hot desert sun) in a border regime’s campaign of terror against (potential) migrants. The article demonstrates the value of historical comparative cases for understanding the policies of governments today. Scholars of current events lack access to the intelligence reports, correspondence, and other once-classified documents available to historians, which allow for a fuller understanding of the ways in which similar policies have been developed and implemented.

The development of new papaya cultivars with high genetic potential for production, combined with quality traits that meet the demands of emerging markets, facilitates the expansion of the genetic base, reduces production costs, and broadens papaya cultivation. This study continues the largest Brazilian papaya breeding program, a partnership of over 25 years between UENF and Caliman Agrícola S.A. The objective was to evaluate the ability of inbred lines to generate hybrids with market potential in Brazil and for export. A total of 62 hybrids were obtained through topcross strategy. The lines were evaluated based on their specific combining ability (SCA), and the hybrids were analyzed through estimates of functional and varietal heterosis (VH) using three widely cultivated commercial varieties in Brazil: ‘UENF/CALIMAN 01’, ‘Tainung 01’, and ‘UC10’. Promising lines were identified for both hybrid creation and use as commercial varieties, exhibiting desirable traits for domestic and international markets, such as high fruit firmness and elevated soluble solids content (the lines UCLA08-053 and UCLA08-087 with the ‘Intermediate’ pattern and the lines UCLA08-066, UCLA08-122, and UCLA08-080 with the ‘Formosa’ pattern). Several hybrids, including H23, H26, H51, and H89 from the ‘Intermediate’ type and H4, H9, H19, and H68 from the ‘Formosa’ type, outperformed their parental lines and commercial varieties. These genotypes demonstrated superior SCA and VH compared to commercial controls, highlighting their strong genetic potential for the production market, increasing the shelf life of the fruits during storage and transportation, and allowing them to travel long distances without compromising fruit quality.

Healthcare systems are increasingly exploiting the advantages of Internet of Things technologies: cloud-connected devices with perceptive sensors can gather very accurate health data from people even if they do not get to the hospital or private clinics. For potential innovators of new medical IoT devices, the legal framework applicable was until now limited to the application of the General Data Protection Regulation and the Medical Devices Regulation.

This paper will investigate what will happen when medical IoT-generated data are shared to create new products or services according to the framework now depicted by the Data Act and the European Health Data Space.

Given that the EHDS and the Data Act are both aimed at facilitating the secondary use of (health) data, the contribution will compare the two processes set up to establish a roadmap to solve health-data sharing theoretical and practical queries.

This article seeks to cast a critical eye on musical modernism through the experiences of its percussionist practitioners. It charts the origins and accepted truisms of percussion ontology as it is understood through the modernist sensibility, and demonstrates how certain modernist assumptions have been inherited by many contemporary practitioners. Some of these individuals’ resulting expressions of grief, anger, and sadness in the wake of modernism's waning are presented, and a reparative reading of modernist percussion that seeks to make the repertory inhabitable and sustaining is instead offered. This practice is illustrated through a feminist and performer-led analysis of Karlheinz Stockhausen's Kontakte (1958–60), for piano, percussion, and tape. It is ultimately argued that performer knowledge and affective attachment is essential to understanding modernism's history and aesthetics, as well as its place in the contemporary moment.

English kings from the late ninth century onwards were sometimes presented as kings of Britain. While this is widely attested, less studied is how the English positioned themselves in relation to Britain – or rather, how English they considered Britain to be. A number of late Old English poems engage deeply with the problem of Britain, but have so far escaped attention in this broader context. In multiple cases, late Old English poems elide non-English peoples and present English dominion as normative and unmarked throughout Britain. This is particularly prominent in the Old English poetic Menologium, which is studied here in detail. The treatment of Britain in late Old English poetry also leads to a reinterpretation of one of the most well-known Old English historical poems, The Battle of Brunanburh. The battle becomes a defence of a particularly English version of Britain, with the invading enemies being successfully driven out.

This work investigates the online machine learning problem of prediction with expert advice in an adversarial setting through numerical analysis of, and experiments with, a related partial differential equation. The problem is a repeated two-person game involving decision-making at each step informed by $n$ experts in an adversarial environment. The continuum limit of this game over a large number of steps is a degenerate elliptic equation whose solution encodes the optimal strategies for both players. We develop numerical methods for approximating the solution of this equation in relatively high dimensions ($n\leq 10$) by exploiting symmetries in the equation and the solution to drastically reduce the size of the computational domain. Based on our numerical results we make a number of conjectures about the optimality of various adversarial strategies, in particular about the non-optimality of the COMB strategy.

In this short report, the challenges and lessons learned from implementing scientific research in primary care are discussed. It highlights the complexities of conducting studies in primary care, where ‘Lasagna’s Law’ rules too often. Using the CONCRETE trial – a pragmatic multicenter implementation trial – as an example, eight key elements are identified as important factors for successfully conducting scientific research in primary care, such as optimizing digital processes and improving engagement.

Understanding and tracking societal discourse around essential governance challenges of our times is crucial. One possible heuristic is to conceptualize discourse as a network of actors and policy beliefs.

Here, we present an exemplary and widely applicable automated approach to extract discourse networks from large volumes of media data, as a bipartite graph of organizations and beliefs connected by stance edges. Our approach leverages various natural language processing techniques, alongside qualitative content analysis. We combine named entity recognition, named entity linking, supervised text classification informed by close reading, and a novel stance detection procedure based on large language models.

We demonstrate our approach in an empirical application tracing urban sustainable transport discourse networks in the Swiss urban area of Zürich over 12 years, based on more than one million paragraphs extracted from slightly less than two million newspaper articles.

We test the internal validity of our approach. Based on evaluations against manually automated data, we find support for what we call the window validity hypothesis of automated discourse network data gathering. The internal validity of automated discourse network data gathering increases if inferences are combined over sliding time windows.

Our results show that when leveraging data redundancy and stance inertia through windowed aggregation, automated methods can recover basic structure and higher-level structurally descriptive metrics of discourse networks well. Our results also demonstrate the necessity of creating high-quality test sets and close reading and that efforts invested in automation should be carefully considered.

The historiography of liberalism has taken a theological turn. Many scholars now trace the origins of liberal thought to Christian orthodoxy, with its emphasis on the radical equality of humanity under the absolute sovereignty of God. Others trace it to the heresy of Pelagianism, with its emphasis on the radical freedom of humans to choose between good and evil under the rationalistic judgment of God. Focusing on a classic expression of early-modern liberalism, Benjamin Franklin’s Autobiography, this article questions the theological turn: Franklin’s thought, I argue, rejects both Augustinianism and Pelagianism, along with their underlying metaphysical presuppositions concerning human liberty.

Posthuman understanding of music and bodies as matter highlights otherwise forms of musical embodied learning. In this paper, we focus on an early childhood classroom music event and think diffractively with cognitive and posthuman theories in order to extend our insight into it. Accordingly, we explore cognitive approaches to music and movement, as well as posthuman concepts such as agency, embodiment, affect and desire, (de)territorialisations and assemblages. As music educators, we acknowledge the relationship between music and movement in early childhood, but our posthuman reading of the event enables a more equitable understanding of children’s music learning.

Discussion of several words whose treatment by LSJ is found defective, and a new emendation in Demosthenes 35.17.

Dietary habits, particularly vegetable consumption, play a crucial role in preventing noncommunicable diseases. However, despite international guidelines advocating daily vegetable intake, adherence remains low across many populations. As a result, more focused efforts to boost vegetable consumption at the population level are essential. This study aimed to assess the impact of a health communication campaign (HCC) in City A, which combined information dissemination and incentives to promote vegetable consumption. In 2021, a new app-based vegetable quiz was introduced as part of the ongoing campaign, which had been implemented since 2017. Participants earned 10 points per correct quiz answer, which could be redeemed for product certificates, with a maximum of 30 points. To evaluate the effectiveness of the quiz, we analysed vegetable intake data from 786 quiz users. A multiple regression analysis was conducted to consider factors such as sex, age, body mass index, pre-campaign points, prior vegetable intake, and frequency of food recording during the campaign. We ensured robustness of the results by analysing data from 605 individuals whose vegetable intake had been tracked one year earlier, during a non-incentivized version of the campaign. The results demonstrated that participants who completed all three quizzes consumed 10.7% more vegetables than non-participants. Year-over-year comparisons further showed a significant increase in vegetable intake among frequent quiz participants compared to the previous year, highlighting the positive impact of gamified quizzes on vegetable consumption. These findings suggest that incentivized HCC, especially those incorporating gamification elements, can be highly effective in encouraging healthier eating habits.

This perspective article takes up the challenge of articulating a political epistemology for extinction studies, centered around how both the systematic-scientific and mythopoetic traditions conceive of the idea of preservation. Political epistemology offers a solution to this for impasse because it asks the question of the social orientation or “end” of knowledge formations, thereby questioning what the larger goal of preservation might be. By focusing on the example of the thylacine, I outline one strand of what a political epistemology for contemporary justifications of preservation in the Museum might look like. Then I discuss how the mode of storytelling in extinction studies also conceives of preservation. Finally, I introduce the idea of replenishment as contrary to the preservation, focused on the cultural practices of Indigenous peoples in North East Arnhem Land, and ask whether new developments in the techno-scientific tradition will begin to turn to replenishment as well.