The interaction between the dynamics of a flame front and the acoustic field within a combustion chamber represents an aerothermochemical problem with the potential to generate hazardous instabilities, which limit burner performance by constraining design and operational parameters. The experimental configuration described here involves a laminar premixed flame burning in an open–closed slender tube, which can also be studied through simplified modelling. The constructive coupling of the chamber acoustic modes with the flame front can be affected via strategic placement of porous plugs, which serve to dissipate thermoacoustic instabilities. These plugs are lattice-based, 3-D-printed using low-force stereolithography, allowing for complex geometries and optimal material properties. A series of porous plugs was tested, with variations in their porous density and location, in order to assess the effects of these variables on viscous dissipation and acoustic eigenmode variation. Pressure transducers and high-speed cameras are used to measure oscillations of a stoichiometric methane–air flame ignited at the tube’s open end. The findings indicate that the porous medium is effective in dissipating both pressure amplitude and flame-front oscillations, contingent on the position of the plug. Specifically, the theoretical fluid mechanics model is developed to calculate frequency shifts and energy dissipation as a function of plug properties and positioning. The theoretical predictions show a high degree of agreement with the experimental results, thereby indicating the potential of the model for the design of dissipators of this nature and highlighting the first-order interactions of acoustics, viscous flow in porous media and heat transfer processes.

Limb salvage surgery (LSS) with megaprosthesis is a common treatment for distal femur tumors, but its impact on gait remains poorly understood. Traditional gait analysis methods are costly and require specialized equipment. This study aims to compare spatiotemporal gait parameters between patients with distal femur megaprosthesis and healthy controls using an inertial measurement unit (IMU). We conducted a case–control study with 79 participants: 31 patients with distal femur megaprosthesis and 48 healthy controls. Gait data were collected using an IMU placed at L5-S1, capturing metrics such as gait quality index (GQI), pelvic kinematics, propulsion index, and gait speed. Statistical analysis included Student’s t-test, Mann–Whitney U test, and one-way ANOVA to compare gait parameters across groups. Patients with megaprosthesis exhibited significantly lower gait speed, propulsion index and anteroposterior acceleration symmetry index compared to controls (p < .05). GQI was reduced in the healthy legs of the cases (92.3%) compared to control legs (96.6%). Adaptations included prolonged stance phases in healthy legs and decreased single support phases in prosthetic legs. Despite these changes, gait patterns remained within functional ranges. IMU-based gait analysis reveals significant but functional alterations in gait mechanics among patients with distal femoral megaprosthesis. These findings underscore the need for tailored rehabilitation strategies to address compensatory mechanisms, optimize mobility, and enhance long-term outcomes. The use of IMU technology offers a cost-effective and portable alternative for clinical gait assessments.

The Puerto Rico Plain Pigeon Patagioenas inornata wetmorei suffered a severe population decline after hurricanes Irma and Maria in September 2017. We used distance sampling to estimate abundance (density and population size) in April–June 1986−2024, accounting for changes in detection probability. We used the distance-sampling abundance estimates to populate a Bayesian state–space logistic model and update posterior estimates of population carrying capacity, maximum population growth rate, population recovery time, and predicted abundance in April–June 2025−2034, accounting for observation and process variances. In addition, we used predicted abundance to assess potential extinction risk (probability Pr[N2025−2034 = 0|data]), population self-sustainability above 5,000 individuals (Pr[N2025−2034 >5,000|data]), and population surpassing the 2.5th percentile of carrying capacity (Pr[N2025−2034 >30,000|data]). The population has not recovered from the hurricanes, with estimated density averaging 0.0015 individuals/ha (bootstrapped standard error [SE] = 0.0006) and population size averaging 1,097 individuals (SE = 455) at the 749,000-ha survey region in April–June 2018−2024. Posterior mean estimates were 41,580 individuals (Markov Chain Monte Carlo standard deviation [SD] = 8,052) for population carrying capacity, 0.183 (SD = 0.056) for maximum population growth rate, six years (SD = 2) for recovery time, and 7,173 individuals (SD = 12,309) for predicted abundance in April–June 2025−2034. The population may reach self-sustainability levels (range Pr[N2025−2034 >5,000|data] = 0.326−0.631) but currently is undergoing a prolonged bottleneck and may become extinct (range Pr[N2025−2034 = 0|data] = 0.199−0.332), particularly if reproduction continues to be mostly unsuccessful, anthropogenic disturbances remain unabated, and on top of that another devastating hurricane makes landfall during the next 10 years. The Puerto Rico Plain Pigeon subspecies is in urgent need of management aiming to increase and maintain abundance above 5,000 individuals but preferably surpassing the 2.5th percentile of population carrying capacity as in the late 1990s (range Pr[N2025−2034 >30,000|data] = 0.000−0.181).

Ultra-processed foods (UPFs) have negative health consequences. Food insecurity and Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) are associated with higher UPF intake in U.S. adults, but this has not been examined in U.S. adolescents. This study assesses associations between food security status and SNAP participation with UPF intake in 3,067 adolescents aged 12–19 years with household incomes at or below 300% of the federal poverty line from the 2007–2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. UPF is defined using the Nova classification and measured as a percentage of daily total energy intake (TEI). High food security, marginal food security, or food insecurity status was determined through the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s eighteen-item Household Food Security Survey. SNAP participation was deemed affirmative if the household reported receiving SNAP benefits in the last year. Multivariable linear regressions that controlled for TEI and sociodemographic covariates and accounted for the complex survey design examined associations between food insecurity and SNAP participation with UPF intake. In the sample, the prevalence of marginal food security was 15.9%, the prevalence of food insecurity was 33.8%, and the prevalence of SNAP participation was 36.5%. After multivariate adjustment, there were no significant differences in UPF intake by food security status. Adolescents participating in SNAP consumed 2.7% higher UPF intake (95% CI: 0.1%, 5.2%, p = 0.04) compared to adolescents not participating in SNAP. Among lower-income U.S. adolescents, SNAP participation but not food security status was associated with higher UPF intake. Programs and policies promoting the intake of more healthful, minimally processed foods should be strengthened.

Hyperlactatemia is a common and concerning finding in the paediatric cardiac ICU as it may signify tissue hypoperfusion and/or hypoxia. However, it is important to include other aetiologies for an elevated lactate in the differential, especially when the lactate is significantly elevated (> 8 mmol/L). We present the case of metabolic acidosis with severe hyperlactatemia secondary to Warburg effect and presumed thiamine deficiency in a paediatric heart transplant patient with post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder.

The ancient Zapotec city of Monte Albán (Oaxaca, Mexico) has been a focal point of numerous archaeological studies. It has long been presumed that grave offerings included a number of botanical elements such as maize. In this study, we examine botanical remains from vessels and sediment samples collected from mortuary contexts to provide new information on those meaningful rites. We considered the relationship between botanical mortuary offerings and the social status of interred individuals at the Zapotec site. We determined that there were no clear relationships between the status of the deceased and plants used as offerings. This study demonstrates the potential for future paleoethnobotanical studies targeting mortuary contexts and public rituals to provide novel information regarding ancient lifeways and beliefs.

The Antarctic active volcano Deception Island has been the subject of extensive geological, geophysical and geomorphological research, including studies on its volcanic history. Since the initial geoscientific research, many authors have included lineament traces (in general considered as faults) in the maps, schemes and figures accompanying their publications. In the last 3 decades, several papers have contributed to improving our understanding of the volcano’s structure. In some cases, the fracture network was identified, measured and analysed and general models of the island’s structure were developed. However, the various authors have not always used consistent methodologies for lineament mapping, presenting significant disparities in the obtained results. This paper analyses previously interpreted lineaments and integrates existing geophysical, geological and morphostructural evidence, along with original field data, to establish a morphostructural model through a coherence and uncertainty analysis. The lineaments determined on Deception Island exhibit three preferred directions: NE-SW, ESE-WSW and SSE-NNW. However, the fractures measured in the field generally show a radial distribution, although there are two preferred directions: NNE-SSW and SE-NW. A synthetic map of Deception Island’s lineaments is presented, indicating which are the lineaments that should be considered tectonic-volcanic fractures among the other existing lineaments.

Community-engaged research is essential to advance the implementation of evidence-based practices, but engagement quality is rarely assessed. We evaluated community health centers’ (CHCs) experiences partnering with the Implementation Science Center for Cancer Control Equity (ISCCCE) using an online survey of 59 CHC staff. Of 38 respondents (64.4% response rate), most perceived their engagement positively, with over 92% feeling respected by ISCCCE collaborators and perceiving projects as beneficial. Limited staff time and resources were the main challenges identified. This study suggests the utility of gathering feedback to evaluate community research engagement and inform adaptations of research processes to optimize partnership quality.