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We prove that a C$^*$-algebra A has uniform property $\Gamma $ if the set of extremal tracial states, $\partial _e T(A)$, is a non-empty compact space of finite covering dimension and for each $\tau \in \partial _e T(A)$, the von Neumann algebra $\pi _\tau (A)"$ arising from the GNS representation has property $\Gamma $.
Consider a possibly unsaturated Fell bundle $\mathcal {A}\to G$ over a locally compact, possibly non-Hausdorff, groupoid G. We list four notions of continuity of representations of $\mathit {C_c}(G;\mathcal {A})$ on a Hilbert space and prove their equivalence. This allows us to define the full $\mathit {C}^*$-algebra of the Fell bundle in different ways.
We show that for $\mathrm {C}^*$-algebras with the global Glimm property, the rank of every operator can be realized as the rank of a soft operator, that is, an element whose hereditary sub-$\mathrm {C}^*$-algebra has no nonzero, unital quotients. This implies that the radius of comparison of such a $\mathrm {C}^*$-algebra is determined by the soft part of its Cuntz semigroup.
Under a mild additional assumption, we show that every Cuntz class dominates a (unique) largest soft Cuntz class. This defines a retract from the Cuntz semigroup onto its soft part, and it follows that the covering dimensions of these semigroups differ by at most $1$.
Given any unital, finite, classifiable $\mathrm{C}^*$-algebra A with real rank zero and any compact simplex bundle with the fibre at zero being homeomorphic to the space of tracial states on A, we show that there exists a flow on A realizing this simplex. Moreover, we show that given any unital $\mathrm{UCT}$ Kirchberg algebra A and any proper simplex bundle with empty fibre at zero, there exists a flow on A realizing this simplex.
When $\mathcal {D}$ is strongly self-absorbing, we say an inclusion $B \subseteq A$ of C*-algebras is $\mathcal {D}$-stable if it is isomorphic to the inclusion $B \otimes \mathcal {D} \subseteq A \otimes \mathcal {D}$. We give ultrapower characterizations and show that if a unital inclusion is $\mathcal {D}$-stable, then $\mathcal {D}$-stability can be exhibited for countably many intermediate C*-algebras concurrently. We show that such unital embeddings between unital $\mathcal {D}$-stable C*-algebras are point-norm dense in the set of all unital embeddings, and that every unital embedding between $\mathcal {D}$-stable C*-algebras is approximately unitarily equivalent to a $\mathcal {D}$-stable embedding. Examples are provided.
We show that continuous group homomorphisms between unitary groups of unital C*-algebras induce maps between spaces of continuous real-valued affine functions on the trace simplices. Under certain $K$-theoretic regularity conditions, these maps can be seen to commute with the pairing between $K_0$ and traces. If the homomorphism is contractive and sends the unit circle to the unit circle, the map between spaces of continuous real-valued affine functions can further be shown to be unital and positive (up to a minus sign).
We prove that crossed products of fiberwise essentially minimal zero-dimensional dynamical systems, a class that includes systems in which all orbit closures are minimal, have isomorphic K-theory if and only if the dynamical systems are strong orbit equivalent. Under the additional assumption that the dynamical systems have no periodic points, this gives a classification theorem including isomorphism of the associated crossed product $C^*$-algebras as well. We additionally explore the K-theory of such crossed products and the Bratteli diagrams associated to the dynamical systems.
This Element provides an entry point for philosophical engagement with quantization and the classical limit. It introduces the mathematical tools of C*-algebras as they are used to compare classical and quantum physics. It then employs those tools to investigate philosophical issues surrounding theory change in physics. It discusses examples in which quantization bears on the topics of reduction, structural continuity, analogical reasoning, and theory construction. In doing so, it demonstrates that the precise mathematical tools of algebraic quantum theory can aid philosophers of science and philosophers of physics.
It is shown that the colored isomorphism class of a unital, simple, $\mathcal {Z}$-stable, separable amenable C$^*$-algebra satisfying the universal coefficient theorem is determined by its tracial simplex.
We prove a double commutant theorem for separable subalgebras of a wide class of corona C*-algebras, largely resolving a problem posed by Pedersen in 1988. Double commutant theorems originated with von Neumann, whose seminal result evolved into an entire field now called von Neumann algebra theory. Voiculescu later proved a C*-algebraic double commutant theorem for subalgebras of the Calkin algebra. We prove a similar result for subalgebras of a much more general class of so-called corona C*-algebras.
We provide an abstract characterization for the Cuntz semigroup of unital commutative AI-algebras, as well as a characterization for abstract Cuntz semigroups of the form $\operatorname {\mathrm {Lsc}} (X,\overline {\mathbb {N}})$ for some $T_1$-space X. In our investigations, we also uncover new properties that the Cuntz semigroup of all AI-algebras satisfies.
For a given inverse semigroup action on a topological space, one can associate an étale groupoid. We prove that there exists a correspondence between the certain subsemigroups and the open wide subgroupoids in case that the action is strongly tight. Combining with the recent result of Brown et al., we obtain a correspondence between the certain subsemigroups of an inverse semigroup and the Cartan intermediate subalgebras of a groupoid C*-algebra.
We compute the generator rank of a subhomogeneous $C^*\!$-algebra in terms of the covering dimension of the pieces of its primitive ideal space corresponding to irreducible representations of a fixed dimension. We deduce that every $\mathcal {Z}$-stable approximately subhomogeneous algebra has generator rank one, which means that a generic element in such an algebra is a generator.
This leads to a strong solution of the generator problem for classifiable, simple, nuclear $C^*\!$-algebras: a generic element in each such algebra is a generator. Examples of Villadsen show that this is not the case for all separable, simple, nuclear $C^*\!$-algebras.
We show that the properties of being rationally K-stable passes from the fibres of a continuous $C(X)$-algebra to the ambient algebra, under the assumption that the underlying space X is compact, metrizable, and of finite covering dimension. As an application, we show that a crossed product C*-algebra is (rationally) K-stable provided the underlying C*-algebra is (rationally) K-stable, and the action has finite Rokhlin dimension with commuting towers.
In this paper, let A be an infinite-dimensional stably finite unital simple separable $\mathrm {C^*}$-algebra. Let $B\subset A$ be a centrally large subalgebra in A such that B has uniform property $\Gamma $. Then we prove that A has uniform property $\Gamma $. Let $\Omega $ be a class of stably finite unital $\mathrm {C^*}$-algebras such that for any $B\in \Omega $, B has uniform property $\Gamma $. Then we show that A has uniform property $\Gamma $ for any simple unital $\mathrm {C^*}$-algebra $A\in \rm {TA}\Omega $.
We consider groupoids constructed from a finite number of commuting local homeomorphisms acting on a compact metric space and study generalized Ruelle operators and $ C^{\ast } $-algebras associated to these groupoids. We provide a new characterization of $ 1 $-cocycles on these groupoids taking values in a locally compact abelian group, given in terms of $ k $-tuples of continuous functions on the unit space satisfying certain canonical identities. Using this, we develop an extended Ruelle–Perron–Frobenius theory for dynamical systems of several commuting operators ($ k $-Ruelle triples and commuting Ruelle operators). Results on KMS states on $ C^{\ast } $-algebras constructed from these groupoids are derived. When the groupoids being studied come from higher-rank graphs, our results recover existence and uniqueness results for KMS states associated to the graphs.
We obtain a characterization of the unital C*-algebras with the property that every element is a limit of products of positive elements, thereby answering a question of Murphy and Phillips.
We introduce ‘generalised higher-rank k-graphs’ as a class of categories equipped with a notion of size. They extend not only higher-rank k-graphs, but also the Levi categories introduced by the first author as a categorical setting for graphs of groups. We prove that examples of generalised higher-rank k-graphs can be constructed using Zappa–Szép products of groupoids and higher-rank graphs.
For a given inverse semigroup, one can associate an étale groupoid which is called the universal groupoid. Our motivation is studying the relation between inverse semigroups and associated étale groupoids. In this paper, we focus on congruences of inverse semigroups, which is a fundamental concept for considering quotients of inverse semigroups. We prove that a congruence of an inverse semigroup induces a closed invariant set and a normal subgroupoid of the universal groupoid. Then we show that the universal groupoid associated to a quotient inverse semigroup is described by the restriction and quotient of the original universal groupoid. Finally we compute invariant sets and normal subgroupoids induced by special congruences including abelianization.
Index theory studies the solutions to differential equations on geometric spaces, their relation to the underlying geometry and topology, and applications to physics. If the space of solutions is infinite dimensional, it becomes necessary to generalise the classical Fredholm index using tools from the K-theory of operator algebras. This leads to higher index theory, a rapidly developing subject with connections to noncommutative geometry, large-scale geometry, manifold topology and geometry, and operator algebras. Aimed at geometers, topologists and operator algebraists, this book takes a friendly and concrete approach to this exciting theory, focusing on the main conjectures in the area and their applications outside of it. A well-balanced combination of detailed introductory material (with exercises), cutting-edge developments and references to the wider literature make this a valuable guide to this active area for graduate students and experts alike.