How does industrial decline influence politics? I propose three mechanisms linking industrial decline to voting. First, if unemployment soars as a consequence of a plant closure, this will result in local communities being economically deprived, which leads to lower support for the incumbent. Second, blame attribution should also play an important role since incumbents can be blamed for their handling of plant closures. Third, I argue that if people are compensated, this anti-incumbent effect should be reduced. I leverage the case of the closing of Lindø Steel Shipyard in Denmark to test in a quasi-experimental setting how a plant closure is linked to voting. Leveraging a difference-in-differences (DiD) design with national election data at the municipality level from 2001–2019, I first find that the closing of the shipyard reduced votes for the right-wing incumbent government. Second, I find that the closures increased unemployment in the short to medium term, and unemployment is negatively correlated with votes for the incumbent. Third, relying on survey data and interview data, I showcase that the government was blamed for its handling of the closure and the EU was credited for its support. Fourth, leveraging an event study design, I find that the political effects are not persistent. In the election, after receiving the compensation, the effects become insignificant, which at least suggests that the compensation could have been effective.

Philosophers are often embarrassed by philosophy, or at least write as if they are. But what should we make of this connection between philosophy and embarrassment? Taking a cue from sociologist Erving Goffman, this paper treats embarrassment in general as revealing of social phenomena and then considers the case of philosophical embarrassment from that point of view. As we will see, this allows us to formulate and explore several hypotheses about the discipline of philosophy, why it might be rational to be embarrassed by it, and how this embarrassment might be managed or overcome.

Many developed economies face declining fertility rates and aging populations, driven significantly by the rising prevalence of childless households. This paper extends a simple overlapping generations (OLG) model to examine how this trend affects household utility. By assuming heterogeneous preferences for child-rearing, the model treats the proportion of childless households as endogenous, determined by utility maximization. The analysis reveals that an increase in childlessness generally exerts a negative impact on overall household utility. Furthermore, the study evaluates childcare support policies, balancing the distortionary effects of higher taxes against the benefits of reduced rearing costs and enhanced social security from a larger future workforce. Numerical simulations suggest that while most households favor the introduction of childcare support, their preferred tax rates vary significantly. These findings highlight the complex trade-offs in policy design when addressing demographic shifts through fiscal interventions.

Construction safety inspections typically involve a human inspector identifying safety concerns on-site. With the rise of powerful vision language models (VLMs), researchers are exploring their use for tasks such as detecting safety rule violations from on-site images. However, there is a lack of open datasets to comprehensively evaluate and further fine-tune VLMs in construction safety inspection. Current applications of VLMs use small, supervised datasets, limiting their applicability in tasks they are not directly trained for. In this article, we propose the ConstructionSite 10 k, featuring 10,000 construction site images with annotations for three inter-connected tasks, including image captioning, safety rule violation visual question answering (VQA), and construction element visual grounding. Our subsequent evaluation of current state-of-the-art large pre-trained VLMs shows notable generalization abilities in zero-shot and few-shot settings, while additional training is needed to make them applicable to actual construction sites. This dataset allows researchers to train and evaluate their own VLMs with new architectures and techniques, providing a valuable benchmark for construction safety inspection.

Quebec sociopolitical context is currently characterized by two distinct political undertakings: on the one hand, a modernization of the Charter of the French Language, and on the other, a desire to establish a nation-to-nation relationship with the Indigenous peoples whose territory lies within Quebec. Although compatible in theory, these two projects are in tension in practice. This article thus proposes a critical analysis of the notion of a “common language” (“langue commune”) at the heart of Quebec’s language policies. This article argues that it relies on a conception of linguistic justice ill-suited for plurinational societies such as Quebec.

Despite growing interest in prediction during simultaneous interpreting (SI), the real-time processing mechanisms supporting it remain underexplored. This study employed the visual world paradigm to investigate whether interpreters can predict upcoming content while simultaneously interpreting multi-sentence paragraphs and to examine the mechanisms underlying prediction. Interpreting students and professionals simultaneously interpreted four paragraphs embedded with sentences containing a critical verb that manipulates the predictability of the target noun, while viewing visual displays containing a target object, two semantic competitor objects and one distractor object. Both groups made predictive eye movements to the target objects before hearing the corresponding word, indicating interpreters’ ability to predict in a challenging task. The observed fixation patterns further suggest the involvement of both prediction-by-production and prediction-by-association during SI. Crucially, professionals showed more flexible attention shifts and efficient cue use, whereas students shifted attention less and used a more cautious prediction strategy.

Maternal tobacco smoking during pregnancy (MSDP) is associated with an increased risk of child externalizing problems. It remains unclear whether these associations are externalizing-specific, or better explained by comorbidity between externalizing and internalizing domains, or vary by age and sex. To address comorbidity and differentiation between domains, we leveraged the severity-directional model of psychopathology. Severity reflects the overall level of psychopathology symptoms across both domains (high levels of severity can only be reached by having symptoms of both types simultaneously), whereas directionality captures the balance/differentiation of internalizing vs. externalizing symptoms regardless of number of total symptoms. Participants included 16,335 children aged 1–19 years old (47.78% female, 58.17% White, 75.46% non-Hispanic) from 55 U.S.-based cohorts within the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) consortium. MSDP predicted differentiation toward externalizing problems in 2-year age bins 1–2 through 7–8 and 13–14 years; remaining (non-significant) age bins had similar magnitudes. MSDP predicted higher symptom severity in all age bins. Findings likely reflect a combination of MSDP associations with comorbid symptom severity and specificity toward externalizing problems, with little evidence of age or sex differences. Additional analyses explored e-cigarette use, other prenatal substance use, and postnatal smoke exposure; associations were sparse and unsystematic.

The Upland Goose Chloephaga picta is a migratory species, with breeding grounds in the grassy wetlands of Patagonia and most of whose wintering grounds are located in cultivated areas of the Argentine Pampas region. Knowing geese food preferences is key, not only for ecological implications but also for their conservation, since the use of cultivated resources has been the cause of the conflict that led to their population decline in the last century. The aim of this study was to describe and compare the botanical composition of the diet of the Upland Geese between breeding and non-breeding seasons, and to evaluate plant group dietary preferences based on environmental availability. Microhistological analysis of faeces was carried out and the contribution of three plant groups to the diet (i.e. grasses, eudicots, and graminoids) was quantified. Eighteen plant species were identified. The diet was dominated by native grasses (Distichlis spp., Hordeum spp., and Bromus setifolius) and graminoids (Eleocharis spp.), with minor contributions of eudicots such as Nitrophila australis and Trifolium repens. A high degree of overlap was found between the breeding and non-breeding seasons (98%), indicating similar diets. Regarding the selection of plant groups, a significant selection of graminoids was observed in both seasons, followed by grasses, indifference to eudicots, and rejection for shrubs. The high proportion of native species used compared with cultivated species (60% vs 10%) underscores the importance of natural habitats with native vegetation. This area appears to be beneficial, as it provides valuable and strategic year-round trophic resources, potentially helping to avoid long migrations. It also underscores the need for further studies on population fluctuations, habitat use, and the detection of potential threats.

Le contexte sociopolitique québécois est marqué par deux entreprises politiques distinctes : d’une part, une modernisation de la Charte de la langue française, et d’autre part, une volonté d’établir un rapport de nation à nation avec les peuples autochtones dont le territoire se situe au Québec. Bien que compatibles en théorie, ces deux projets se retrouvent en tension dans la pratique. Cet article propose en ce sens une analyse critique de la notion de « langue commune » au coeur des politiques linguistiques québécoises. L’hypothèse générale est que cette idée repose sur une conception de la justice linguistique inadaptée à une société plurinationale comme le Québec.

It was a puzzle to the British and has been a puzzle to historians ever since, why the American colonists, who enjoyed a degree of liberty, political autonomy, and even low taxation that was the envy of subjects in the home country, would join in a risky revolution to sever ties with the nation of their origin. The answer, according to Edmund Burke, was in large part religion. “Religion,” he explained to fellow members of Parliament in his “Speech on Conciliation with the Colonies,” always a “principle of energy,” was “no way worn out or impaired” in North America—and that religion was of a particular kind. Burke wrote: “The religion most prevalent in our Northern Colonies is a refinement on the principle of resistance; it is the dissidence of dissent, and the Protestantism of the Protestant religion.” Of all faiths, this hyper-Protestantism, wrote Burke, is “the most adverse to all implicit submission of mind and opinion.” This article sets out the ecclesiological, experiential, and theological differences among the largest Protestant denominations in Revolutionary America and the ways in which these differences contributed not just to the revolutionary spirit, but to the democratic and republican strands of revolutionary and constitutional thought in the new United States. The biggest contrast was between members and clergy of the Church of England, who were most involved to remain Loyalists, Reformed Protestants (Congregationalists and Presbyterians), who inclined toward republicanism, and Baptists, who were the most democratic and individualistic.

Collaborative robots (cobots) have emerged as a pivotal paradigm for the upcoming leap to Industry 5.0. In recent years, the range of applications has expanded significantly, particularly in assembly tasks within the manufacturing industry. The primary goal of this paper is to review the application of cobots in industrial assembly tasks, highlighting possibilities for innovative research in smart robotics, including prospects for challenging applications in aircraft final assembly processes. The paper systematically reviews recent literature to analyse the use of collaborative robotics in industrial assembly tasks, encompassing characterisation of application environments, motivations, characteristics and outcomes of relevant use cases across various industrial segments. Additionally, it reviews a set of innovative technological patents issued by the aeronautical industry over the past 14 years, highlighting trending projects in industry. The investigation reveals that the automotive and electronics industries remain at the forefront of cobot applications, mainly for tasks like pick-and-place operations and component manipulation. Applications in open work cells, where humans and robots operate at supportive or sequential interaction levels, using conventional communication interfaces and camera-assisted technologies, have been the most prevalent. The review identifies potential opportunities and key aspects from future application scenarios for cobots. The findings are relevant to the industrial robotics community, emphasising the need for novel applied research on human–robot colla boration in aeronautical industry.

Transvenous and epicardial pacing in children carries significant risks of lead failure and infection. Leadless pacing is an alternative with lower risks of infection, lead failure, and longer battery longevity. A retrievable leadless pacemaker was implanted in an 8-year-old, 24 kg patient with heart block. A systematic review evaluated procedural success and the safety of leadless pacemakers in preadolescents weighing less than 30 kg.

This study investigates how personality traits modulate the foreign language effect (FLe) in moral decision-making. Meta-analyses have shown that the FLe has a small-to-moderate effect size, suggesting that individual characteristics may constrain its impact. We hypothesized that traits promoting strong deontological tendencies would moderate this effect. Our results showed that lower conscientiousness and higher emotional stability were associated with more resilient deontological responses, showing reduced susceptibility to the FLe. However, deontological choices associated with lower extraversion were overridden in a foreign language. These findings offer the first empirical evidence that broad personality traits can modulate the FLe. Moreover, our results – statistically significant but modest in magnitude – highlight key methodological considerations, including dilemma types, trait measures, and sample characteristics. Finally, they also underscore the importance of examining more fine-grained personality constructs to better understand individual variability in the extent to which foreign language use shapes moral judgment.

The Ngezi–Vumawimbi Forest Reserve is the largest remaining patch of natural vegetation on Pemba Island, Zanzibar, Tanzania. In 2024, in collaboration with the Department of Forestry, Ministry of Agriculture, Zanzibar, we conducted a baseline biodiversity survey of animal and plant communities. Preliminary results reveal previously unrecognized plant diversity, including species likely new to science that are currently under study. We confirmed the presence of endemic and threatened plant species, and recorded populations of species not previously reported on Pemba Island. We also confirmed the presence of a small population of blue duiker Philantomba monticola, currently under threat from poaching. One of the areas richest in plant diversity is designated for development of a new tourist resort. This would replace most of the Vumawimbi evergreen coastal forest, home to a unique forest type in continental Africa dominated by Intsia bijuga.

Despite the social, political and personal importance of contentious death investigation, medico-legal autopsies have received scant socio-legal attention. By extending understanding of the importance of care for the dead in this context, this article begins to bridge that gap. To do this, I explore original empirical data from interviews with Anatomical Pathology Technologists who both assist during post-mortems and take responsibility for the care of the deceased’s body before and after autopsy. I argue that care is woven throughout their practice and identities. This care is enacted within a complex context of relations and regulations, such that practice can simultaneously be technically and morally ‘good’ (including actions that go beyond what is necessary or mandated). In making this argument, I both extend understandings of care to relationships with the dead, and contribute new insights into the way that coronial justice can, and should, gain legitimacy.